Self-similar structure and experimental signatures of suprathermal ion distribution in inertial confinement fusion implosions

The distribution function of suprathermal ions is found to be self-similar under conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion hot-spots. By utilizing this feature, interference between the hydro-instabilities and kinetic effects is for the first time assessed quantitatively to find that the instabilities substantially aggravate the fusion reactivity reduction. The ion tail depletion is also shown to lower the experimentally inferred ion temperature, a novel kinetic effect that may explain the discrepancy between the exploding pusher experiments and rad-hydro simulations and contribute to the observation that temperature inferred from DD reaction products is lower than from DT at National Ignition Facility.Comment: Revised version accepted for publication in PRL. "Copyright (2015) by the American Physical Society.

Derivation of a tasselled cap transformation based on Landsat 7 at-satellite reflectance

A new tasselled cap transformation based on Landsat 7 at-satellite reflectance was developed. This transformation is most appropriate for regional applications where atmospheric correction is not feasible. The brightness, greenness and wetness of the derived transformation collectively explained over 97% of the spectral variance of the individual scenes used in this study

Derivation of a tasselled cap transformation based on Landsat 7 at-satellite reflectance

A new tasselled cap transformation based on Landsat 7 at-satellite reflectance was developed. This transformation is most appropriate for regional applications where atmospheric correction is not feasible. The brightness, greenness and wetness of the derived transformation collectively explained over 97% of the spectral variance of the individual scenes used in this study

Influência da irrigação na salinização e sodificação dos solos do Projeto de Irrigação de São Gonçalo.

Para esclarecer a influencia da irrigacao e as condicoes de drenagem no desenvolvimento de problemas de salinidade e sodicidade nos solos do Projeto de Irrigacao de Sao Goncalo, foram escolhidos 25 pontos fixos de amostragens permanentes distribuidas na area em operacao do Projeto. Durante quatro anos seguidos foram tomadas amostras de solo ate 90 cm de profundidade, para determinacao de pH, condutividade eletrica e cations trocaveis. Tambem foram feitas observacoes mensais do lencol freatico durante um ano em todos os pontos de amostragens. A agua de irrigacao foi tambem amostrada e analisada periodicamente. Com base nos resultados das analises nao foi possivel identificar aumento da salinidade nem da sodicidade do solo. Aparentemente isto parece ser devido a boa qualidade da agua de irrigacao em combinacao com certo grau de drenagem natural do rio Piranhas.bitstream/item/68365/1/Gilberto-1.pdfTrabalho apresentado no I Simpósio Brasileiro do Trópico Semi-Árido, Olinda, ago. 1982

Exercise Prehabilitation during Neoadjuvant Cancer Treatment in Patients with Gastrointestinal and Thoracic Cancer: A Systematic Review

Abstract Aim: To evaluate the current evidence assessing the use of exercise prehabilitation interventions during neoadjuvant cancer treatment in those patients with gastrointestinal or thoracic cancer. Methods: A comprehensive and systematic database search was performed to identify all published clinical studies involving exercise prehabilitation during neoadjuvant cancer treatment for patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal or thoracic cancer. Pre-defined criteria were used to identify relevant articles and the Modified Downs and Black checklist was used for quality assessment purposes. Results: The search identified 508 relevant abstracts. After screening, 18 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and inclusion. Three full-text articles met all the search criteria and were included in the review. Physical fitness was the main outcome measure and an improvement in physical fitness was observed in all three included studies. There was good adherence to the exercise programmes with a lack of associated adverse events, suggesting safety and feasibility of such interventions in this setting. A differentiation between ‘responders’ and ‘non-responders’ to exercise training was identified for the first time. Conclusions: This is the first systematic review assessing the use of exercise prehabilitation during neoadjuvant cancer treatment in patients with gastrointestinal and thoracic cancer. Although this review demonstrates the safe use of exercise prehabilitation during neoadjuvant cancer treatment in patients with gastrointestinal and thoracic cancer, there is still insufficient evidence to support any robust conclusions regarding the ideal characteristics of an exercise prehabilitation intervention and the impact it may have on clinical and post-operative outcomes. Keywords: Exercise prehabilitation; Oncology; Surgery; Neoadjuvant cancer treatment; Gastrointestinal; Thoraci

Assessment of ion kinetic effects in shock-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions using fusion burn imaging

The significance and nature of ion kinetic effects in D3He-filled, shock-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions are assessed through measurements of fusion burn profiles. Over this series of experiments, the ratio of ion-ion mean free path to minimum shell radius (the Knudsen number, NK) was varied from 0.3 to 9 in order to probe hydrodynamic-like to strongly kinetic plasma conditions; as the Knudsen number increased, hydrodynamic models increasingly failed to match measured yields, while an empirically-tuned, first-step model of ion kinetic effects better captured the observed yield trends [Rosenberg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 185001 (2014)]. Here, spatially resolved measurements of the fusion burn are used to examine kinetic ion transport effects in greater detail, adding an additional dimension of understanding that goes beyond zero-dimensional integrated quantities to one-dimensional profiles. In agreement with the previous findings, a comparison of measured and simulated burn profiles shows that models including ion transport effects are able to better match the experimental results. In implosions characterized by large Knudsen numbers (NK3), the fusion burn profiles predicted by hydrodynamics simulations that exclude ion mean free path effects are peaked far from the origin, in stark disagreement with the experimentally observed profiles, which are centrally peaked. In contrast, a hydrodynamics simulation that includes a model of ion diffusion is able to qualitatively match the measured profile shapes. Therefore, ion diffusion or diffusion-like processes are identified as a plausible explanation of the observed trends, though further refinement of the models is needed for a more complete and quantitative understanding of ion kinetic effects

Neutron time-of-flight measurements of charged-particle energy loss in inertial confinement fusion plasmas

Neutron spectra from secondary ^{3}H(d,n)α reactions produced by an implosion of a deuterium-gas capsule at the National Ignition Facility have been measured with order-of-magnitude improvements in statistics and resolution over past experiments. These new data and their sensitivity to the energy loss of fast tritons emitted from thermal ^{2}H(d,p)^{3}H reactions enable the first statistically significant investigation of charged-particle stopping via the emitted neutron spectrum. Radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, constrained to match a number of observables from the implosion, were used to predict the neutron spectra while employing two different energy loss models. This analysis represents the first test of stopping models under inertial confinement fusion conditions, covering plasma temperatures of k_{B}T≈1-4  keV and particle densities of n≈(12-2)×10^{24}  cm^{-3}. Under these conditions, we find significant deviations of our data from a theory employing classical collisions whereas the theory including quantum diffraction agrees with our data