Graphoidal Tree d - Cover

Acharya and Sampathkumar defined a graphoidal cover as a partition of edges into internally disjoint (not necessarily open) paths. If we consider only open paths in the above definition then we call it as a graphoidal path cover

SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION PACKAGES FOR ORGANIC TURMERIC

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a perennial rhizomatous herb has been regarded as an important spice in Asian cuisine. India is called as the “Spice bowl of the world” as it produces variety of spices with quality. Though India leads in production of turmeric, but average productivity is very low due to imbalanced and suboptimal dose of chemical fertilizers, organic manure, bio – fertilizers and micronutrients (Kandiannan and Chandragiri, 2008). Since, turmeric is a nutrient responsive crop and removes large amount of nutrients from soil, sufficient quantities of nutrients have to be applied in order to obtain sustainable yield levels (Nagarajan and Pillai, 1979). Application of organic source of nutrients (Wellgro formulations) would augment nutrient uptake, yield and economics of turmeric. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to test the effect of organic formulations on sustainable production of turmeric

Analysis of Two Stage M[X1],M[X2]/G1,G2/1 Retrial G-queue with Discretionary Priority Services, Working Breakdown, Bernoulli Vacation, Preferred and Impatient Units

In this paper, we study M[X1] , M[X2] /G1 ,G2 /1 retrial queueing system with discretionary priority services. There are two stages of service for the ordinary units. During the first stage of service of the ordinary unit, arriving priority units can have an option to interrupt the service, but, in the second stage of service it cannot interrupt. When ordinary units enter the system, they may get the service even if the server is busy with the first stage of service of an ordinary unit or may enter into the orbit or leave the system. Also, the system may breakdown at any point of time when the server is in regular service period. During the breakdown period, the interrupted priority unit will get the fresh service at a slower rate but the ordinary unit can not get the service and the server will go for repair immediately. During the ordinary unit service period, the arrival of negative unit will interrupt the service and it may enter into an orbit or leave the system. After completion of each priority unit’s service, the server goes for a vacation with a certain probability. We allow reneging to happen during repair and vacation periods. Using the supplementary variable technique, the Laplace transforms of time-dependent probabilities of system state are derived. From this, we deduce the steady-state results. Also, the expected number of units in the respective queues and the expected waiting times, are computed. Finally, the numerical results are graphically expressed

Eff ect of propiconazole and salicylic acid on the growth and photosynthetic pigments in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. under drought condition

The present investigations were carried out to estimate the morphological, pigments variation and ameliorating effect of propiconazole (PCZ) and salicylic acid (SA) on drought stress in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) Var. CO-30. A 30 days after sowing (DAS), the plants were subjected to 3, 6, and 9 days interval drought stress and drought with PCZ at 1 mM and drought with SA at 1 mM at 30, 40, and 50 DAS. The plants irrigated regularly in alternate day interval were kept as control. The plant samples were collected on 60, 70, and 80 DAS from all the treatments. The root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, total leaf area, and photosynthetic pigment estimation was carried out in each treatment. Individual and combined drought stress with PCZ and SA treatments increased the root length when compared to control. The PCZ and SA treatments mitigated the drought stress by increasing the morphological and pigment contents and there by the way for overcoming drought stress in S. bicolar plants

Analysis of M[X1],M[X2]/G1,G2/1 retrial queueing system with priority services, working breakdown, collision, Bernoulli vacation, immediate feedback, starting failure and repair

This paper considers an M[X1] , M[X2] /G1,G2/1 general retrial queueing system with priority services. Two types of customers from different classes arrive at the system in different independent compound Poisson processes. The server follows the non-pre-emptive priority rule subject to working breakdown, Bernoulli vacation, starting failure, immediate feedback, collision and repair. After completing each service, the server may go for a vacation or remain idle in the system. The priority customers who find the server busy are queued in the system. If a low-priority customer finds the server busy, he is routed to orbit that attempts to get the service. The system may become defective at any point of time while in operation. However, when the system becomes defective, instead of stopping service completely, the service is continued to the interrupted customer only at a slower rate. Using the supplementary variable technique, the joint distribution of the server state and the number of customers in the queue are derived. Finally, some performance measures are obtained

(R1984) Analysis of M^[X1], M^[X2]/G1, G_2^(a,b)/1 Queue with Priority Services, Server Breakdown, Repair, Modified Bernoulli Vacation, Immediate Feedback

In this investigation, the steady state analysis of two individualistic batch arrival queues with immediate feedback, modified Bernoulli vacation and server breakdown are introduced. Two different categories of customers like priority and ordinary are to be considered. This model propose nonpreemptive priority discipline. Ordinary and priority customers arrive as per Poisson processes. The server consistently afford single service for priority customers and the general bulk service for the ordinary customers and the service follows general distribution. The ordinary customers to be served only if the batch size should be greater than or equal to a , else the server should not start service until a customers have accumulated. Meanwhile priority queue is empty; the server becomes idle or go for vacation. If server gets breakdown while the priority customers are being served, they may wait in the head of the queue and get fresh service after repair completion, but in case of ordinary customers they may leave the system. After completion of each priority service, customer may rejoin the system as a feedback customer for receiving regular service because of inappropriate quality of service. Supplementary variable technique and probability generating function are generally used to solve the Laplace transforms of time-dependent probabilities of system states. Finally, some performance measures are evaluated and express the numerical results

Empirical Analysis on Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP): Puberty and Menstrual Hygiene

Puberty and menstruation bring major physical and mental changes in a girl’s life; they mark the beginning of procreation. In many countries lackof knowledge and poor hygienic practices during menstruation lead to serious illness ranging from genital tract infections and urinary tract infections to bad odor. This study on Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) aims to understand the awareness level of menstrual health and hygiene among adolescent girls, and the study also focuses on identifying the average age of attaining menarche among early adolescent girls and the problems associated with menstruation. To meet the above objective, a sample of 187 responses was collected by using questionnaires. The various statistical tools that have been used are Reliability Test, Correlation, Chi-square, and Linear Regression analysis. According to the study, most early adolescent girls attain menarche at an early age, and so it is necessary to educate school children about health and hygiene practices during menstruation. Mothers and teachers should educate adolescent girls about hygienic practices and remove the social stigma surrounding menstruation. This paper also covers the feminist view on menstruation which affects women, girls, and non-binary and transgender people across the world. It is an issue that intersects with race, class, culture, and religion and therefore has the power to engage us in a global effort towards equality

Levetiracetam: an open label study on safety and efficacy in newly diagnosed partial onset seizures as monotherapy

Background: The Common neurological disorder in pediatric population is epilepsy. Despite having many medications and with recent approval of levetiracetam (LEV) as an adjunctive treatment in children, there is a need to evaluate safety and efficacy of this drug in Indian population. The aim was to study the efficacy and tolerability of levetiracetam as monotherapy, in newly diagnosed partial onset seizures.Methods: Newly diagnosed partial seizure patients attending the neurology outpatient department were considered for the study based on the inclusion criteria. After the patients were started on the minimal therapeutic dose of the allocated drug LEV 500 mg twice daily over a period of 2 weeks, if there is no adequate seizure control, the dose of medication was further stepped up. Dose level 2 was taken as 1000 mg twice daily for levetiracetam over next 2 weeks.  Dose level 3, 1500 mg twice daily for levetiracetam for the final 2 weeks (Maximum dose tried). After 6 weeks of dose stabilization, all patients had a final evaluation at the end of 6 months to assess for 6 month seizure free period.Results: Out of 37 subjects who had first visit eligibility on screening 5 did not give consent 2 were in exclusion criteria with 30 involved in study three were lost in follow up. Among 28 children in levetiracetam group 17 (62.96%)  had seizure control at 6 months with dose level 1 (20 mg/kg/day) itself. 8 patients (25.92%) had control on dose level 2 (30 mg/kg/day). 2 patients (7.40%) had seizure control at maximum dose level 3 (40 mg/kg/day).  In 1 patient, seizures were not controlled in spite of maximum dose. This patient was started on alternative drugs. The commonest discomfort faced by the subjects include nausea 14 (51.85 %), drowsiness 11 (40.74%), unsteadiness 6 (27%), diplopia 6 (20%) and headache 6 (20%).Conclusions: Though the present study is an analysis of small population and open labeled, the results are clear levetiracetam as monotherapy is effective in majority of study population at a dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg/day. The cost effectiveness and safety of the drug has also given promising results for its usage among pediatric age group. A study on large group with comparison to existing gold standard drugs with proven efficacy in children like gabapentin, topiramate, oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine can give more information as monotherapy and its use as adjunctive drug

A STUDY ON PRESCRIBING PATTERN OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT OF A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN PUDUCHERRY, SOUTH INDIA

Objective: This study was done to evaluate the current prescribing and usage pattern of antimicrobial agents (AMAs) in the neonatal intensive careunit (NICU).Methods: A prospective, hospital-based, cross-sectional study (prescription audit) was carried out between May and August 2012 in the NICU of aTeaching Hospital. Data were collected by reviewing case records of all neonates admitted to the NICU during the study period.Results: A total of 120 case records were reviewed and 100 were eligible to be included in the study. Out of the 100, no antimicrobial prescriptionwas made in 35 case records. Remaining 65 (65%) were prescribed at least one AMA. 167 AMA prescriptions were made in total and averagenumber of AMAs utilized per neonate was 1.670. Cefotaxime (24.6%) was the most commonly prescribed AMA followed by amoxicillin (23.4%).Aminoglycosides (43.7%) were the commonly prescribed group of AMAs followed by penicillins (28.7) and cephalosporins (24.6%). Most of the AMAswere prescribed to non-bacteriologically proven infections (50.5%). Among the 167 AMA prescriptions, 104 (62.28%) were made in their brandnames and 63(37.72%) were made in their generic names. Discussion and Conclusion: This study highlights current usage of AMAs in the NICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry. AMAs were found to be prescribed frequently without bacteriological evidence and in their brand names. This necessitates the need for motivating doctors to improve AMA prescriptions with supportive bacteriological evidence and in generic names.Keywords: Antimicrobial agents, Neonatal intensive care unit, Generic drugs, Non-bacteriologically proven infections

Relativistic Hartree-Fock Chiral Lagrangians with confinement, nucleon finite size and short-range effects

A relativistic Hartree-Fock Lagrangian including a chiral potential and nucleon polarisation is investigated in hopes of providing a better description of dense nuclear matter. We fully consider the contribution of the exchange Fock term to the energy and the self-energies, and in addition we investigate the nucleon's compositeness and finite size effects (confinement and form factors) and short range correlations modeled by a Jastrow ansatz. These effects are added step by step, such that their impact on the dense matter properties can be analysed in details. The parameters of the model are adjusted to reproduce fundamental properties related to the QCD theory at low energy, such as the chiral symmetry breaking, nucleon's quark substructure and Lattice-QCD predictions, as well as two empirical properties at saturation: the binding energy and the density. All other empirical parameters, e.g., symmetry energy and its slope, incompressibility modulus, effective mass, as well as spin-isospin Landau-Midgal parameter are predictions of the models and can be used to evaluate the gain of the different approximation schemes in describing nuclear properties. Bayesian statistics is employed in order to propagate parameter uncertainties into predictions for the nuclear matter properties. We show that the splitting of the effective Landau mass is largely influenced by the value of the $\rho^T$ coupling, and we show that the fit to the symmetry energy, which induces an increase of the coupling constant $g_\rho$ by about 20-25% compared to the case where it is fixed by the quark model, provides a very good EoS compatible with the present nuclear physics knowledge