An Iterative Cyclic Algorithm for Designing Vaccine Distribution Networks in Low and Middle-Income Countries

The World Health Organization's Expanded Programme on Immunization (WHO-EPI) was developed to ensure that all children have access to common childhood vaccinations. Unfortunately, because of inefficient distribution networks and cost constraints, millions of children in many low and middle-income countries still go without being vaccinated. In this paper, we formulate a mathematical programming model for the design of a typical WHO-EPI network with the goal of minimizing costs while providing the opportunity for universal coverage. Since it is only possible to solve small versions of the model optimally, we describe an iterative heuristic that cycles between solving restrictions of the original problem and show that it can find very good solutions in reasonable time for larger problems that are not directly solvable.Comment: International Joint Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management- ABEPRO-ADINGOR-IISE-AIM-ASEM (IJCIEOM 2019). Novi Sad, Serbia, July 15-17t

Analysis and Interpretation of In-Phase Component of VLF-EM Data using Hilbert Transform and the Amplitude of Analytical Signal

An interpretation of in-phase anomaly of very low frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) data was carried out using the analysis of the Hilbert transform of the in-phase component and the amplitude of its analytic signal. The analysis was used to delineate the source and depth to the top of a subsurface conductive body. The amplitude of the analytical signal of the data was observed to mimic the conventional Fraser-filtered operation and was used to locate the exact location of the anomalous body. The in-phase component with the Hilbert transform yields an approximate depth to the top of the conductor which agree with the result of the vertical electrical sounding conducted at the vicinity of the anomalous body. Keywords: VLF-EM method, Hilbert transform, analytical signal, in-phase, Fraser filtering

Effect of pressure cycling on Iron: Signatures of an electronic instability and unconventional superconductivity

High pressure electrical resistivity and x-ray diffraction experiments have been performed on Fe single crystals. The crystallographic investigation provides direct evidence that in the martensitic $bcc \rightarrow hcp$ transition at 14 GPa the $\lbrace 110\rbrace_{bcc}$ become the $\lbrace 002\rbrace_{hcp}$ directions. During a pressure cycle, resistivity shows a broad hysteresis of 6.5 GPa, whereas superconductivity, observed between 13 and 31 GPa, remains unaffected. Upon increasing pressure an electronic instability, probably a quantum critical point, is observed at around 19 GPa and, close to this pressure, the superconducting $T_{c}$ and the isothermal resistivity ($0<T<300\,$K) attain maximum values. In the superconducting pressure domain, the exponent $n = 5/3$ of the temperature power law of resistivity and its prefactor, which mimics $T_{c}$, indicate that ferromagnetic fluctuations may provide the glue for the Cooper pairs, yielding unconventional superconductivity

Bioefficacy of some insecticides against shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee on brinjal under Hisar agro-climatic conditions during kharif season

A field experiment was conducted to study the bioefficacy of some insecticides against Leucinodes orbonalis during kharif season of 2014 on brinjal var. BR-112 at Entomology Research Area of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Five foliar sprays of insecticides viz., cypermethrin 25EC @ 43.75 g a.i/ ha, fenvalerate 20EC @40 g a.i/ ha, deltamethrin 2.8EC @ 14 g a.i/ ha, chlorpyriphos 20EC @ 200 g a.i/ ha, Prempt 20EC @ 150 g a.i/ ha, malathion 50EC @ 250 g a.i/ ha and Nimbecidine 0.03% @ 3 ml/l were evaluated and it was found that all the insecticides proved significantly superior (at 5% level) to control (untreated) in reducing the damage of shoot and fruit borer in brinjal. Among all, deltamethrin proved most effective in reducing shoot damage (60.40%) and fruit damage, on number basis (88.87%) and weight basis (88.89%) over control. Deltamethrin recorded the highest marketable fruit yield of 132.27q/ha and lowest was found in case of Nimbecidine (33.53 q/ha). Highest (1:8.7) cost to benefit ratio was recorded in deltamethrin followed by fenvalerate (1:8.5), cypermethrin (1:6.5), chlorpyriphos (1:4.5), Prempt (1:1.9), malathion (1:0.6) and Nimbecidine (1: -0.3). From these findings, it was revealed that synthetic pyretheroids being the most effective and economic over other insecticides, may be incorporated in IPM practices followed against brinjal shoot and fruit borer

Connection between accretion disk and superluminal radio jets and the role of radio plateau state in GRS 1915+105

We investigate the association between the accretion disk during radio plateau state and the following superluminal relativistic radio jets with peak intensity varies from 200 mJy to 1000 mJy observed over a period of five years and present the evidences of direct accretion disc-jet connection in microquasar GRS 1915+105. We have analysed RXTE PCA/HEXTE X-ray data and have found that the accretion rate, $\dot{m}_{accr}$, as inferred from the X-ray flux, is very high during the radio plateaux. We suggest that the accretion disk during the radio plateaux always associated with radiation-driven wind which is manifested in the form of enhanced absorption column density for X-ray and the depleted IR emission. We find that the wind density increases with the accretion disk luminosity during the radio plateaux. The wind density is similar to the density of the warm absorber proposed in extragalactic AGNs and Quasars. We suggest a simple model for the origin of superluminal relativistic jets. Finally, We discuss the implications of this work for galactic microquasars and the extragalactic AGNs and Quasars.Comment: 9 pages, 6 Figures, Accepted for publication in Ap

ABO and Rh Blood Group Distribution Among Kunbis (Maratha) population of Amravati District, Maharashtra

The present study reports the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among the Kunbis (Maratha) population of Amravati district. The phenotypic frequency of blood group B is observed highest (33.06) percent, O (31.04), A (27.02) and AB is lowest (08.33) percent. The phenotypic frequency of Rh negative is (04.26) percent. TheKunbis (Maratha) population shows close genetic relationship with the Gujratis

Synthesis of novel 3-arylcyclopenta[c]quinolines via acid-induced domino cyclization of 2-arylamino-2-methylthioethenyl 2-arylcyclopropyl ketones

A novel acid-induced domino cyclization of N,S-anilinoacetals of type 3 derived from 2- arylcyclopropyl ketones, is reported which yields a wide range of substituted- and fused- 3- arylcyclopenta[c]quinolines 6 with concomitant formation of a cyclopentane and a quinoline ring

Left common carotid artery arising from brachiocephalic trunk and their aberrant course displacing trachea

Bovine arch commonly refer a group of congenital variations in the branches of arch of aorta, in which there is aberrant origin of left common carotid artery. These are usually detected incidentally, however rarely they can cause dysphagia lusoria. We report a case of bovine arch and aberrant left common carotid artery in a 62 years old female who had come with complaint of mild dyspnea. On radiograph there was superior mediastinal widening and shift of trachea to right side. CT scan was advised for further evaluation. On CECT there was only two main branches arised from arch of aorta, brachiocephalic trunk and right subclavian artery. There was aberrant origin of left common carotid artery seen from brachiocephalic trunk. The brachiocephalic trunk was very tortuous and displacing trachea to right side

Mass function and dynamical study of the open clusters Berkeley 24 and Czernik 27

We present a $UBVI$ photometric study of the open clusters Berkeley 24 (Be 24) and Czernik 27 (Cz 27). The radii of the clusters are determined as 2\farcm7 and 2\farcm3 for Be 24 and Cz 27, respectively. We use the Gaia Data Release 2 (GDR2) catalogue to estimate the mean proper motions for the clusters. We found the mean proper motion of Be 24 as $0.35\pm0.06$ mas yr$^{-1}$ and $1.20\pm0.08$ mas yr$^{-1}$ in right ascension and declination for Be 24 and $-0.52\pm0.05$ mas yr$^{-1}$ and $-1.30\pm0.05$ mas yr$^{-1}$ for Cz 27. We used probable cluster members selected from proper motion data for the estimation of fundamental parameters. We infer reddenings $E(B-V)$ = $0.45\pm0.05$ mag and $0.15\pm0.05$ mag for the two clusters. Analysis of extinction curves towards the two clusters show that both have normal interstellar extinction laws in the optical as well as in the near-IR band. From the ultraviolet excess measurement, we derive metallicities of [Fe/H]= $-0.025\pm0.01$ dex and $-0.042\pm0.01$ dex for the clusters Be 24 and Cz 27, respectively. The distances, as determined from main sequence fitting, are $4.4\pm0.5$ kpc and $5.6\pm0.2$ kpc. The comparison of observed CMDs with $Z=0.01$ isochrones, leads to an age of $2.0\pm0.2$ Gyr and $0.6\pm0.1$ Gyr for Be 24 and Cz 27, respectively. In addition to this, we have also studied the mass function and dynamical state of these two clusters for the first time using probable cluster members. The mass function is derived after including the corrections for data incompleteness and field star contamination. Our analysis shows that both clusters are now dynamically relaxedComment: 16 pages including 8 tables. 22 figures. Accepted by MNRA