630 research outputs found
Testing Identifiable Kernel P Systems Using an X-machine Approach
This paper presents a testing approach for kernel P systems (kP systems),
based on the X-machine testing framework and the concept of cover automaton. The
testing methodology ensures that the implementation conforms the speci cations, under
certain conditions, such as the identi ably concept in the context of kernel P systems
Modelling and validating an engineering application in kernel P systems
© 2018, Springer International Publishing AG. This paper illustrates how kernel P systems (kP systems) can be used for modelling and validating an engineering application, in this case a cruise control system of an electric bike. The validity of the system is demonstrated via formal verification, carried out using the kPWorkbench tool. Furthermore, we show how the kernel P system model can be tested using automata and X-machine based techniques
An integrated model checking toolset for kernel P systems
P systems are the computational models introduced in the context of membrane computing, a computational paradigm within the more general area of unconventional computing. Kernel P (kP) systems are defined to unify the specification of different variants of P systems, motivated by challenging theoretical aspects and the need to model different problems. kP systems are supported by a software framework, called kPWORKBENCH, which integrates a set of related simulation and verification methodologies and tools. In this paper, we present an extension to kPWORKBENCH with a new model checking framework supporting the formal verification of kP system models. This framework supports both LTL and CTL properties. To make the property specification an easier task, we propose a property language, composed of natural language statements. We demonstrate our proposed methodology with an example
New results for the missing quantum numbers labeling the quadrupole and octupole boson basis
The many -pole boson states, with ,
realize the irreducible representation (IR) for the group reduction chains
. They have been analytically
studied and widely used for the description of nuclear systems. However, no
analytical expression for the degeneracy of the 's IR,
determined by the reduction , is available. Thus, the
number of distinct values taken by has been so far obtained by
solving some complex equations. Here we derive analytical expressions for the
degeneracy characterizing the octupole and quadrupole boson states,
respectively. The merit of this work consists of the fact that it completes the
analytical expressions for the -pole boson basis.Comment: 10page
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Using formal methods to support testing
Formal methods and testing are two important approaches that assist in the development of high quality software. While traditionally these approaches have been seen as rivals, in recent
years a new consensus has developed in which they are seen as complementary. This article reviews the state of the art regarding ways in which the presence of a formal specification can be used to assist testing
Modelling of Multi-Agent Systems: Experiences with Membrane Computing and Future Challenges
Formal modelling of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is a challenging task due to
high complexity, interaction, parallelism and continuous change of roles and
organisation between agents. In this paper we record our research experience on
formal modelling of MAS. We review our research throughout the last decade, by
describing the problems we have encountered and the decisions we have made
towards resolving them and providing solutions. Much of this work involved
membrane computing and classes of P Systems, such as Tissue and Population P
Systems, targeted to the modelling of MAS whose dynamic structure is a
prominent characteristic. More particularly, social insects (such as colonies
of ants, bees, etc.), biology inspired swarms and systems with emergent
behaviour are indicative examples for which we developed formal MAS models.
Here, we aim to review our work and disseminate our findings to fellow
researchers who might face similar challenges and, furthermore, to discuss
important issues for advancing research on the application of membrane
computing in MAS modelling.Comment: In Proceedings AMCA-POP 2010, arXiv:1008.314
Remarcs on the shape transition from spherical to deformed gamma unstable nuclei
Energies and transition probabilities for low lying states in Ba and
^{104Ru were calculated within a hybrid model.The ground and the first
states are described alternatively as a harmonic and anharmonic vibrator states
while the remaining states as states with E(5) symmetry. One concludes that a
gradual setting of the 'critical' potential yields a better agreement with the
experimental data. Very good agreement with the data is obtained for
Ru. Comparing the present results with those of E(5) symmetry, it is
conspicuous that the present formalism add corrections to the E(5) formalism by
bringing the predictions closer to the experimental data. Analytical
relationship between the states with U(5) symmetry and those given by the E(5)
description is established.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures, submitted for publicatio
The price of tumor control: an analysis of rare side effects of anti-CTLA-4 therapy in metastatic melanoma from the ipilimumab network
Background: Ipilimumab, a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) blocking antibody, has been approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and induces adverse events (AE) in up to 64% of patients. Treatment algorithms for the management of common ipilimumab-induced AEs have lead to a reduction of morbidity, e.g. due to bowel perforations. However, the spectrum of less common AEs is expanding as ipilimumab is increasingly applied. Stringent recognition and management of AEs will reduce drug-induced morbidity and costs, and thus, positively impact the cost-benefit ratio of the drug. To facilitate timely identification and adequate management data on rare AEs were analyzed at 19 skin cancer centers.
Methods and Findings: Patient files (n = 752) were screened for rare ipilimumab-associated AEs. A total of 120 AEs, some of which were life-threatening or even fatal, were reported and summarized by organ system describing the most instructive cases in detail. Previously unreported AEs like drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), granulomatous inflammation of the central nervous system, and aseptic meningitis, were documented. Obstacles included patientÅ› delay in reporting symptoms and the differentiation of steroid-induced from ipilimumab-induced AEs under steroid treatment. Importantly, response rate was high in this patient population with tumor regression in 30.9% and a tumor control rate of 61.8% in stage IV melanoma patients despite the fact that some patients received only two of four recommended ipilimumab infusions. This suggests that ipilimumab-induced antitumor responses can have an early onset and that severe autoimmune reactions may reflect overtreatment.
Conclusion: The wide spectrum of ipilimumab-induced AEs demands doctor and patient awareness to reduce morbidity and treatment costs and true ipilimumab success is dictated by both objective tumor responses and controlling severe side effects
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