Institutional Treatment for Juveniles in India- A Critical Analysis

India is a home to almost 19 % of the World's children. More than one third of the country's population is below 18 years. The children are considered as the future productive citizens of the country, therefore it is necessary to make them healthier, educated, protected and well developed child. 40% of India's children are vulnerable to or have difficulties in living a normal standard life. Juvenile Delinquency is a subject which attracted the attention of the law makers in India for over the last 150 years. The subject is a sign of sick society. Overcrowding in cities increasing number of slums, gambling drinking etc are some of the factors responsible for delinquency rate. Indian society in general though rural in character, cannot escape the impact of urbanization resulting in crime and delinquency .The internal and external environment or the psycho-pathological elements in the individual play an important role in shaping the child's future. The future of Juveniles is not dark, but needs proper long term perspective and planning. The' right to life and personal liberty ‘is the most precious right guaranteed under our Indian Constitution. This right is curtailed when a person is sent to institutions but it is necessary to such action from reformation point of view. As Gandhiji said a ‘person cannot be corrected by hate but by love and affection' especially when it comes to CHILDREN. This paper discusses the children who are in need of care and protection, who if not dealt with will definitely lead to a great social problem in the near future. In spite of several dilemmas of correctional administration this paper tries to reflect the various treatment methods (Institutional and non-institutional) for the juveniles in India. The Correctional Institutions are to be looked upon as hospitals and the children in need of care and protection as the patients, what is needed is just a treatment to make him/her fit for the society

Status of Learner's Satisfaction in Journalism and Media Education in Changing Times: A Study on the UG & PG Students of the Journalism and Mass Communication with Regard to Bangalore University Syllabus

Higher education in India, like in any other developing country is facing sharp criticism for its apparent inability to provide education, relevant to the needs and aspirations of the knowledge seekers apart from providing employability. The phenomenon of ever escalating unemployment in the area of educational interest has further aggravated the problem of Higher Education. Interestingly the statement made as early as 1985 “the whole process of higher education has become warped, dysfunctional, producing a number of unemployable young women and men” (The challenge of Education) holds well till date. Unlike any of the professional courses in India, Journalism & Communication and Media Education has never been considered to garner the professional status. The course originates way back in 1948 when Aligarh University launched its Diploma course in Journalism, has seen massive change sprouting out to the under-graduate and master degree courses by various Universities and its affiliated college. This has made the institutions offering media and journalism courses, toddle for placements. It seems the present approved curriculum for BA Journalism & Communication and Media Education courses in particular, the Universities by itself does not offer any scope for employment on one end, while an attempt never made to study focusing the attention on students satisfaction who have joined these courses are on the other adds to it.The locale of the study is carried out in aided and private colleges affiliated to Bangalore University. The research study outlines targets the policy makers of University to rejuvenate the skill component which leads to innovative thoughts and knowledge based research in teaching courses of Journalism & Communication and Media Education. At this juncture the study was undertaken to critically analyze the present status of curriculum in terms of learners’ satisfaction, with that to examine the perception of available skills in the present trainers by the student

Endoscopic Brush Cytology And Biopsy Correlation In Upper Gastrointestinal Neoplasms.

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Is A Common Site For Neoplasms, Especially Malignant Tumors. Worldwide, Gastric Adenocarcinoma Is The Second Most Common Cancer And Carcinoma Oesophagus Is The Sixth Leading Cause Of Death.1,2 In India, According To The National Registry, Oesophagus And Stomach Are The Leading Sites For The Development Of Cancer. Esophageal And Gastric Cancers Are The Most Frequent Cancers Found In Indian Men, While Esophageal Cancer Ranks Third Among Women After Carcinoma Of Breast And Cervix.3 Early Detection Of Malignancy Greatly Improves The Survival Rate Of The Patients. The 5-Year Survival Rate Of Early Esophageal Cancer Is 83.5% And Early Gastric Cancer Is More Than 90%.4 With The Advent Of Fiberoptic Endoscopy, Application Of Cytologic Methods Has Become More Popular In Detecting And Diagnosing The Lesions Of The Different Segments Of The Gastrointestinal Tract. The Major Advantage Of The GI Endoscopy Is The Direct Visualization Of The Lesions, Which Is Apparently Useful In Selective Sampling Of The Tissue For Diagnosis.5 Various Techniques For Collection Of Cytological Samples Have Been Described.6 Endoscopic Direct Vision Brush Cytology Is One Among Them. Brush Cytology Will Retrieve Epithelial Cells From A Larger Surface Area Of Mucosa Than A Tissue Biopsy. As Malignant Cells Posses A Lower Level Of Intercellular Cohesion Than Normal Cells, Brushing Can Selectively Sample These Dyshesive Cells. This Procedure Is Non-Invasive, Cost Effective And Has A Rapid Turn Over Time. Despite Being Popular And Clinically Useful, Brush Cytology Is Not Routinely Being Performed In The Government General Hospital. Therefore, The Present Study Was Undertaken To Evaluate Its Utility In Diagnosing Neoplasms Of The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH FOR THE SEPERATION OF IRON PARTICLES IN SOLUBLE STATE USING LEAF EXTRACT

The discharge of waste water, which contains many minerals like iron, magnesium, zinc etc., from various foundries, steel, dyeing and chemical industries; and treatment plants have substantial effects on the environment and the agricultural lands. Among these metallic elements, iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) have promising advantage that can combat environmental pollution. The interest in nano scale zero-valent iron in environmental remediation is increasing due to the reactivity of nanoscale iron having a large surface area to volume ratio. Though various chemical methods are available for the synthesis of iron nanoparticles, the separation of iron nanoparticles by green route is encouraged as they find various applications in treating the industrial sites contaminated with chlorinated organic compounds and in preventing the ground contaminations. In this project, extracts from various leaves such as Azadirachta indica (neem), Carica papaya (papaya), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Atrocarpus altilis (jackfruit) and Mussaendaerythrophylla (bougainvillea) were used. Randomly, 0.02M ferric chloride solution was prepared as base solution. The reaction between ferric chloride solution and leaf extract have been monitored under UV - Visible spectrophotometer. The effect of various parameters i.e., Dosage, Contact time and pH on the separation of iron nanoparticles in soluble state was studied, by measuring the Absorbance values. The percentage extraction of iron achieved by each leaf extract was determined and finally a comparison among the various leaf extracts used was made and the one which gives the maximum percentage of iron extraction was found out

High Tc Superconductors -- A Variational Theory of the Superconducting State

We use a variational approach to gain insight into the strongly correlated d-wave superconducting state of the high Tc cuprates at T=0. We show that strong correlations lead to qualitatively different trends in pairing and phase coherence: the pairing scale decreases monotonically with hole doping while the SC order parameter shows a non-monotonic dome. We obtain detailed results for the doping-dependence of a large number of experimentally observable quantities, including the chemical potential, coherence length, momentum distribution, nodal quasiparticle weight and dispersion, incoherent features in photoemission spectra, optical spectral weight and superfluid density. Most of our results are in remarkable quantitative agreement with existing data and some of our predictions, first reported in Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 87}, 217002 (2001), have been recently verified.Comment: (Minor revisions, 1 figure added, version to appear in PRB) 23 RevTeX pages, 11 eps figs, long version of cond-mat/0101121, contains detailed comparisons with experiments, analytical insights, technical aspects of the calculation, and comparison with slave boson MF

Prevalance, Mean Intensity and relative density of nematode parasite Contracaecum sp. from the gill of Channa striatus.

The study deals with the investigation of nematode parasitic infection in Channa striatus collected from different water bodies of Mavelikara Municipality, Alappuzha district, Kerala, India. The snake head fishes collected during the study period were found to be infected with the larval nematode parasite, Contracaecum sp. The mean prevalence of infection of the parasite on Channa striatus was 63.75%. The mean intensity was 1.22 and the relative density recorded was 0.76.The present study represents a new locality record for the larval nematode parasite, Contracaecum sp

Radio Broadcasting Basic

Dasar-dasar penyiaran radio merupakan hal yang harus dipahami oleh seorang penyiar, dalam tulisan ini tidak hanya menjelaskan tentang dasar-dasar penyiaran radio, tetapi juga menjelaskan pengertian dari radio, penyiaran dasar dan distribusinya. di zaman sekarang ini, seiring berjalannya jaman, the popularitas radio memudar, peminatnya masih ada tetapi hanya sedikit, akibatnya mayoritas orang tidak terlalu tertarik mendengarkan radio, ditambah gadget dan teknologi semakin maju dan merajalela. Radio tidak hanya menyiarkan satu program, tetapi banyak program yang berbeda. bahkan beberapa program mungkin program favorit Anda. tidak hanya program, tentunya juga banyak penyiar, penyiar juga harus bisa menunjukkan keahliannya sendiri sehingga banyak orang yang mau tertarik dan menjadi penyiar favorit. untuk mendapatkan banyak peminat, tidak hanya berbeda hal yang harus dimiliki penyiar, namun penyiar juga harus memiliki wawasan makna radio dan hal-hal dasar apa saja yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang penyiar, oleh karena itu dalam makalah ini akan kita bahas beberapa hal dasar yang perlu diketahui oleh penyiar radio.Radio juga merupakan sarana hiburan yang murah, menyajikan beragam jenis suara dari musik, lagu, berita hingga pencarian sesuatu atau seseorang. dalam melakukan siarannya radio dilengkapi perangkat-perangkat untuk mentransmisikan siaran sehingga bisa didengar oleh masyarakat luas dimanapun mereka berada. Peran penyiar radio memiliki posisi pentingdalam melakukan siaran radio karena penyiarlah yang akan menyampaikan informasi ataupun memutarkan lagu-lagu serta musik sebagai sarana hibura

A cross sectional study on depression among paramedical students in MES Institute of Paramedical Sciences

Background: Depression is characterized by persistent sadness and a lack of interest or pleasure in previously rewarding or enjoyable activities. It is very important to identify the factors predisposing to depression among paramedical students. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of depression and the factors associated with depression among the paramedical students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among all the 208 paramedical students studying in MES using a predesigned questionnaire along with Beck’s depression inventory tool to identify depression.  Chi-square test and multivariate regression analysis were used to find the association between variables. Results: The prevalence of depression was found to be 24.5%. 11.54 % of the total study participants have borderline depression, while 10.58%, 1.92% and 0.48 % had moderate, severe and extreme form of depression respectively. Chi square test showed type of family, course of study, smoking habits, traumatic events in the past, bad interpersonal relationship, concern regarding the future were found to be statistically associated with depression. In multivariate analysis, bad interpersonal relationship between friends and family members (OR= 3.13), worrying about the future (OR=6.03) and those who never sought any form of help for mental stress (OR=1.5) were the risk factors identified. Conclusions: Course selection, type of family they came from, any traumatic events in the past, lack of interpersonal relationship between friends, worrying about the job opportunities after completing the course, not seeking help for mental stress were the factors contributing towards depression