Resistência à penetração do solo em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta em solos de textura muito argilosa na Amazônia Central.

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a resistência à penetração do solo em áreas cultivadas intensivamente com cana-de-açúcar, sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta e a floresta primitiva

Produção de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta no Estado do Amazonas.

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produção de uma pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha renovada por meio de um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O experimento foi instalado na Estação Experimental do Distrito Agropecuário da Suframa, pertencente à Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, localizada em Manaus-AM

First report of groundnut ringspot orthotospovirus infecting field pea (Pisum sativum L.) crop in Brazil.

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar Axé with symptoms of orthotospovirus infection (~5% incidence) were collected under open field conditions in Brasília-DF, Central Brazil. Ten leaf samples displaying apical chlorosis, necrosis, and deformation were evaluated via serology (ELISA) using antisera (produced at Embrapa Vegetable Crops) specific to the nucleocapsid (N) protein of three Orthotospovirus species: Tomato chlorotic spot orthotospovirus (TCSV), Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), and Groundnut ringspot orthotospovirus (GRSV)

Acima dos confrontos sobre os transgênicos: uma experiência piloto de consulta pública.

RESUMO: A tecnologia do DNA recombinante abriu, juntamente com um horizonte ilimitado de possibilidades de inovações, polêmicas que não podem ser ignoradas ou resolvidas por meio de uma difusão linear de informações. Ações multidisciplinares e multi-institucionais têm sido implementadas, com sucesso, em diversos países, para estabelecer novas formas de comunicação entre peritos e leigos. Isso permite identificar possíveis restrições e benefícios nas trajetórias tecnológicas, e assim entender e negociar eventuais conflitos. No Brasil, esse tipo de abordagem não tem recebido atenção significativa. A metodologia Problem Formulation and Options Assessment (PFOA), articulada no contexto do projeto internacional Genetically Modified Organisms - Environmental Risk Assessment (GMO-ERA), e sintonizada com as novas tendências de envolvimento dos diversos setores de interesse (stakeholders) ligados a uma tecnologia, propõe integrar na análise de risco as perspectivas ambiental, social, econômica e ética. A equipe de implementação de uma experiência piloto do PFOA foi formada pelo grupo do GMOERA - ligado ao Projeto Rede de Biossegurança (BioSeg), da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), pelo Instituto de Pesquisa em Riscos e Sustentabilidade, da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Iris-UFSC), e pelo Centro de Gestão de Estudos Estratégicos do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia (CGEE/MCT). O caso utilizado como modelo foi o feijão geneticamente modificado resistente ao mosaico-dourado, que vem sendo desenvolvido pela Embrapa. O piloto, financiado pelo CGEE/MCT, contou com a participação de diversos stakeholders. Dentre as conclusões, recomenda-se o uso de sistemas de informação não unidirecionados, mais transparentes e abertos, baseados em uma ciência rigorosa, para subsidiar as instâncias científicas e políticas nas tomadas de decisão. abstract: Recombinant DNA technology, together with an unlimited horizon of possibilities of innovation, triggered a discussion, among stakeholders, that cannot be ignored or solved through a linear difusion of information. Multidisciplinary and multi-institutional actions are being successfully adopted in several countries to establish new communication strategies between specialists and stakeholders. These strategies allow the identification of possible constraints and benefits of a technology during its development and, consequently, understanding and negotiation of conflicts. In Brazil this approach is not being used yet. The Problem Formulation and Options Assessment (PFOA) methodology was proposed by the Genetically Modified Organisms - Environmental Risk Assessment (GMO-ERA) project, aligned with the new trend of involving stakeholders in the risk assessment of a new technology. PFOA integrates the environmental, social, economic and ethical perspectives into the risk assessment of a technology. PFOA's pilot experience was conducted by a group formed by the GMO-ERA team associated with the Biosafety Network (BioSeg) project of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), by the Institute of Research in Risk and Sustainability from the Federal University of Santa Catarina (Iris-UFSC) and by the Center for Strategic Management and Studies in Science, Technology and Innovation of the Ministry of Science and Technology (CGEE/ MCT). The case study was a genetically modified bean resistant to the golden mosaic disease, which is being developed by Embrapa. This pilot was funded by CGEE/MCT and gathered representatives of several stakeholders. It could be concluded that the use of non-directed, transparent, open and science-based communication approaches is of great value for scientific and political decision making instances

Efforts to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: potential entry points for neglected tropical diseases

BACKGROUND: The damage inflicted by the coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic upon humanity is and will continue to be considerable. Unprecedented progress made in global health over the past 20 years has reverted and economic growth has already evaporated, giving rise to a global recession, the likes of which we may not have experienced since the Second World War. Our aim is to draw the attention of the neglected tropical disease (NTD) community towards some of the major emerging economic opportunities which are quickly appearing on the horizon as a result of COVID-19. MAIN TEXT: This scoping review relied on a literature search comprised of a sample of articles, statements, and press releases on initiatives aimed at mitigating the impact of COVID-19, while supporting economic recovery. Of note, the donor scenario and economic development agendas are highly dynamic and expected to change rapidly as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds, as are donor and lender priorities. CONCLUSIONS: The NTD community, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), will need to work quickly, diligently, and in close collaboration with decision-makers and key stakeholders, across sectors at national and international level to secure its position. Doing so might enhance the odds of grasping potential opportunities to access some of the massive resources that are now available in the form of contributions from corporate foundations, trust funds, loans, debt relieve schemes, and other financial mechanisms, as part of the ongoing and future economic development agendas and public health priorities driven by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper should serve as a starting point for the NTD community to seek much needed financial support in order to sustain and revitalize control and elimination efforts pertaining to NTDs in LMICs

Supply chain integration in the industry 4.0 era: a systematic literature review: Integração da cadeia de suprimentos na era industrial 4.0: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

From an Industry 4.0 perspective, supply chain actors (suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, and third-party logistics operators) are integrated into a collaborative network based on information-sharing to improve the overall supply chain performance. Real data can be captured and systematically processed into information, hence dealing with uncertainty. Poor integration may lead to supply chain disruptions. This paper examines the role of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) for integrating the supply chain, to which a systematic literature review (SLR) has been applied. First, according to the research questions, the I4.0 technologies adopted for supply chain integration were identified. Second, the approaches for integrating the supply chain at I4.0 were examined and classified by strategy (vertical, horizontal, and end-to-end integration). Third, the functional and cross-functional approaches for supply chain integration at I4.0 were also examined. Finally, it was discussed which traditional SCI approaches can be upgraded to the Industry 4.0 era and the future research directions

Consórcio sorgo-feijão: efeito de arranjos de fileiras no rendimento de grãos.

Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos de arranjos de fileiras no consorcio sorgo-feijao, instalou-se um experimento (marco de 1992) no CNPMS/EMBRAPA, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil. usaram-se duas linhagens de sorgo granifero (BR 007B e CMSXS 210B) em monocultura e em tres arranjos de fileiras (plantio na mesma fileira, plantio em fileiras alternadas e duas fileiras de feijao nas entrelinhas do sorgo), mais um tratamento adicional (feijao em monocultura), no esquema fatorial (2 x 4) + 1 e delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repeticoes. Foi utilizado cultivar de feijao Ouro, de habito de crescimento indeterminado (tipo II). Os rendimentos individuais das culturas foram maiores no arranjo em fileiras alternadas, mas suas medias nao diferiram das obtidas nos seus respectivos monocultivos. Independentemente da linhagem, os maiores rendimentos totais foram obtidos nos arranjos de fileiras alternadas e de duas fileiras de feijao nas entrelinhas do sorgo. Quando o consorcio foi feito usando a CMSXS 210B no arranjo de duas fileiras de feijao nas entrelinhas do sorgo, houve reducao do rendimento de feijao e dos indices de equivalencia de area (IEAs), devido a reducao do numero de vagens por planta. Concluiu-se que os arranjos em fileira alternadas e de duas fileiras de feijao nas entrelinhas do sorgo podem ser usados no consorcio sorgo-feijao, todavia este ultimo arranjo seria adequado apenas com cultivares de sorgo menos competitivos

Strategies supporting the prevention and control of neglected tropical diseases during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic

Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases represent a public health challenge of international concern. They include a large group of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), many of which are of zoonotic nature. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), another emerging zoonotic disease, has just increased the stakes exponentially. Most NTDs are subject to the impact of some of the very same human-related activities triggering other emerging and re-emerging diseases, including COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), bird flu and swine flu. It is conceivable that COVID-19 will exacerbate the NTDs, as it will divert much needed financial and human resources. There is considerable concern that recent progress achieved with control and elimination efforts will be reverted. Future potential strategies will need to reconsider the determinants of health in NTDs in order to galvanize efforts and come up with a comprehensive, well defined programme that will set the stage for an effective multi-sectorial approach. In this Commentary, we propose areas of potential synergies between the COVID-19 pandemic control efforts, other health and non-health sector initiatives and NTD control and elimination programmes

MET nucleotide variations and amplification in advanced ovarian cancer: characteristics and outcomes with c-Met inhibitors.

PurposeMET alterations including amplifications and nucleotide variations have been associated with resistance to therapy and aggressive clinical behavior.Experimental designThe medical records of patients presenting to the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Phase I Clinic with relapsed or metastatic ovarian cancers and known MET nucleotide variation or amplification status were reviewed retrospectively (n=178). Categorical and continuous clinical and molecular characteristics were compared using Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, respectively. Univariate and multivariate survival were assessed via Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis, respectively.ResultsMET amplification occurred in 4 (3.5%) of 113 patients, whereas nonsynonomous nucleotide variations were present in 9 (7.4%) of 122 patients. No patients exhibited concomitant amplification and variation. MET variations were observed only in white women with high-grade ovarian tumors, whereas amplifications were observed in both black and white women with high-grade serous ovarian primary tumors. No patients (n=4) exhibiting a MET alteration achieved an objective response when treated on a c-Met inhibitor phase I trial. In addition, ovarian cancer patients treated with a c-Met inhibitor with multikinase activity trended towards a longer time-to-failure compared with those treated with a c-Met-specific inhibitor (median: 1.5 vs. 4.5 months, p=0.07).ConclusionsMET alterations occur in a minority of patients with ovarian cancer. c-Met inhibitors with multikinase activity may exhibit less activity in ovarian cancer than c-Met specific drugs. These findings warrant further investigation