Sectoral disturbances and aggregate economic activity

In this article, we provide an overview of the key mechanisms by which sectoral disturbances affect aggregate economic activity. We describe how the distribution of sectoral shares influences each sector's contribution to the variation in aggregate output. We also illustrate different aspects of the effects of input-output linkages across sectors on the amplification and propagation of idiosyncratic sectoral shocks. In particular, we review and summarize key conditions, first articulated in Dupor (1999), under which movements in aggregate output are invariant to sectoral disturbances, even in the presence of intersectoral linkages in production. Finally, using estimates of a two-digit input use table constructed by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, we provide various calculations of the contribution of different sectors to variations in aggregate output.Economic growth ; Business cycles

Grain-structure development in heavily cold-rolled alpha-titanium

High-resolution electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis was employed to establish mircostructure evolution in heavily cold-rolled alpha-titanium. After thickness reductions of 75% to 96%, significant microstructure and texture changes were documented. The surface area of high-angle grain boundaries was almost tripled, thus giving rise to an ultra-fine microstructure with a mean grain size of 0.6 μm. Moreover, orientation spread around typical ‘split-basal’ rolling texture substantially increased. These effects were suggested to be related to the enhancement of pyramidal 〈c+a〉 slip. Grain-structure development in heavily cold-rolled alpha-titanium (PDF Download Available

Design of Pre-Dumping Ring Spin Rotator with a Possibility of Helicity Switching for Polarized Positrons at the ILC

The use of polarized beams enhance the possibility of the precision measurements at the International Linear Collider (ILC). In order to preserve the degree of polarization during beam transport spin rotators are included in the current TDR ILC Lattice. In this report some advantages of using a combined spin rotator/spin flipper are discussed. A few possible lattice designs of spin flipper developed at DESY in 2012 are presented.Comment: Talk presented at the International Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS15), Whistler, Canada, 2-6 November 201

The main issues of quality assurance of radiopharmaceuticals

One of the prerequisites for successful application of nuclear medicine technologies is the production and clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals (RPs) of a reliably high quality. The aim of the review is to discuss specific properties of RPs, which stipulate specific approaches to their production (or preparation) and quality control. The decisive requirement for the management of RPs at all stages of their life cycle is the observance of the radiation safety rules and regulations. The paper considers the main approaches to assessing the risks of medical radiation exposure to patients and radiation protection of nuclear medicine staff. The choice of a particular quality parameter and the corresponding analytical procedure should be made taking into account the duration of the test, which, like the production time, should be comparable with the radionuclide half-life. The feasibility of the analytical procedure should also be taken into account, given the high radioactivity of the samples tested. Now that theranostics has caught on, new approaches are being developed all over the world concerning regulatory aspects of transition from preclinical studies of RPs to clinical trials, because, according to experts, this is becoming a key condition for rapid implementation of nuclear medicine achievements. The results and conclusions of the present study can be used in the development and expert review of monographs and other specifications required for RP marketing and use. The results of the analysis suggest that it is necessary to develop specific requirements and guidelines for RP testing and evaluation for their successful promotion on the EAEU market

Three very young HgMn stars in the Orion OB1 Association

We report the detection of three mercury-manganese stars in the Orion OB1 association. HD 37886 and BD-0 984 are in the approximately 1.7 million year old Orion OB1b. HD 37492 is in the approximately 4.6 million year old Orion OB1c. Orion OB1b is now the youngest cluster with known HgMn star members. This places an observational upper limit on the time scale needed to produce the chemical peculiarities seen in mercury-manganese stars, which should help in the search for the cause or causes of the peculiar abundances in HgMn and other chemically peculiar upper main sequence stars.Comment: 8 pages including 1 figure. To appear in Astrophysical Journal Letter

Complex analysis of data from agrochemical and soil-erosion monitoring using geoinformation systems

The article describes a comprehensive analysis of agrochemical and soil erosion monitoring data, using the example of the Alekseevsky district of the Belgorod region with the use of a geoinformation system. The GIS automatically generates tables with data grouped by various characteristics: soil type, degree of erosion, slope steepness and exposure. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, organic matter, and the level of soil acidity in the context of the district in areas with different exposures, the degree of erosion and the steepness of the slope was analyze

Алгоритм цифровой трансформации компаний на основе бизнес-моделей

In the context of convergence of markets and competition between traditional and digital companies, there is a high demand for business models and algorithms for their implementation. The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of traditional and digital business models. Algorithms for implementing business models are presented, their similarities and differences are considered. The points of entry into the modeling process, the results and the degree of the manager's involvement in the decision-making process are compared.В условиях конвергенции рынков и конкуренции традиционных и цифровых компаний наблюдается высокий спрос на бизнес-модели и алгоритмы их внедрения. Статья посвящена сравнительному анализу традиционных и цифровых бизнес-моделей. Приводятся алгоритмы внедрения бизнес-моделей, рассматриваются их сходства и отличия. Сравниваются точки входа в процесс моделирования, результаты и степень вовлеченности руководителя в процесс принятия решений

Основные проблемы обеспечения качества радиофармацевтических лекарственных препаратов

One of the prerequisites for successful application of nuclear medicine technologies is the production and clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals (RPs) of a reliably high quality. The aim of the review is to discuss specific properties of RPs, which stipulate specific approaches to their production (or preparation) and quality control. The decisive requirement for the management of RPs at all stages of their life cycle is the observance of the radiation safety rules and regulations. The paper considers the main approaches to assessing the risks of medical radiation exposure to patients and radiation protection of nuclear medicine staff. The choice of a particular quality parameter and the corresponding analytical procedure should be made taking into account the duration of the test, which, like the production time, should be comparable with the radionuclide half-life. The feasibility of the analytical procedure should also be taken into account, given the high radioactivity of the samples tested. Now that theranostics has caught on, new approaches are being developed all over the world concerning regulatory aspects of transition from preclinical studies of RPs to clinical trials, because, according to experts, this is becoming a key condition for rapid implementation of nuclear medicine achievements. The results and conclusions of the present study can be used in the development and expert review of monographs and other specifications required for RP marketing and use. The results of the analysis suggest that it is necessary to develop specific requirements and guidelines for RP testing and evaluation for their successful promotion on the EAEU market.Одним из основных условий, определяющих успешное применение технологий ядерной медицины, является получение и введение пациенту радиофармацевтического лекарственного препарата (РФЛП) гарантированно высокого качества. Цель обзора — обсуждение специфических свойств РФЛП, обусловливающих специальные подходы к их производству (или изготовлению) и контролю качества. Определяющим требованием к обращению РФЛП на всех стадиях их жизненного цикла является соблюдение норм и правил радиационной безопасности. Рассмотрены основные подходы к оценке рисков медицинского облучения пациентов и радиационной защите персонала, работающего в области ядерной медицины. Выбор того или иного показателя качества и соответствующей аналитической методики должен определяться в соответствии со временем проведения анализа, которое так же, как и время синтеза, должно быть соизмеримо с периодом полураспада радионуклида, а также с возможностью реализации аналитического определения в условиях работы с высокорадиоактивными образцами. С развитием тераностики в мировой практике вырабатываются новые подходы к регуляторным вопросам перехода от доклинических исследований радиофармпрепаратов к клиническим, поскольку, по мнению экспертов, это становится определяющим для быстрого внедрения достижений ядерной медицины. Результаты и выводы работы могут быть использованы при разработке и экспертизе фармакопейных статей и другой нормативной документации, сопровождающей обращение РФЛП. Проведенный анализ показал, что необходима разработка отдельных требований и руководств по испытаниям и экспертизе РФЛП для успешного продвижения их на рынок ЕАЭС

Possible Impurities in Radiopharmaceuticals and Corresponding Test Methods

The main quality attributes of radiopharmaceuticals that ensure their effectiveness and safety and are unique to their specifications are activity, radionuclide identity, radionuclide purity, and radiochemical purity. The aim of this study was to analyse the possibility of formation and methods for determination of various impurities in radiopharmaceuticals based on radionuclides of several groups: technetium-99m and rhenium-188; iodine and fluorine-18 isotopes; and gallium-68 and some other metallic radionuclides used in theranostic schemes combining radionuclide diagnostics and radionuclide therapy. The article analyses the sources for the formation of radionuclide, radiochemical, and chemical impurities; the influence of these impurities on visualisation quality and dosimetric characteristics of radiopharmaceuticals; various approaches to the methods of impurity detection and quantification; compendial requirements to the quality of radiopharmaceuticals; and research results reported in publications. The article demonstrates the need for the development and certification of Russian reference standards for testing quality attributes of radiopharmaceuticals as part of harmonisation of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation with the Pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union and the European Pharmacopoeia

Experimental determination of the adhesive characteristics of the “elementary fiber-epoxy matrix” system

The paper considers the method of testing the elementary fiber-polymer matrix system. Results of determining the following adhesive characteristics are provided: apparent and local adhesive strength, start and end in the adhesive destruction of the fiber-matrix joint under study. Basalt fiber and epoxy matrix based on the epoxy resin and amine hardener are considered as the study objects. Influence of the samples geometric characteristics on their adhesive characteristics is established. The paper shows that at the depth of the elementary fiber emersion in the polymer matrix equal to 200 µm, the scatter of all determined adhesive characteristics is significantly reduced