Isolation and Identification of Pigments from Marine Actinomycetes, Along with Their Potential Applications

Natural dyes produced by marine microorganisms particularly actinomycetes—have gained significance as a source of active chemicals and pharmaceuticals with potential for medicinal purposes in recent years. This significant finding served as the foundation for the investigation, which aimed to determine the cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of a methanolic pigment extract obtained from the marine actinomycetes VES 01 and VES 04. Based on the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), both extracts showed substantial toxicity activity. The actinomycetes VES 01 and VES 04 pigment crude extracts had lethal concentration 50% (LC50) values of 92.64µg/mL and 134.21 mg/mL, respectively, according to the data. When those extracts were evaluated for antibacterial efficacy against a variety of microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli showed the best inhibition rates. Additionally, we used 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals to measure the antioxidant activity. The findings demonstrated that the actinomycetes VES 01 and VES 04 pigment crude extracts had inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values of 228.08 µg/mL and 346.3 µg/mL, respectively. We identified the chemical components of actinomycete pigment crude extracts using GC-MS analysis. The results showed that the most prevalent chemicals were 5-Methoxypyrrolidin-2-one (30.23%) for VES 04, 1H-Purine-2,6-dione, and 3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl- (CAS) (44.65%) for VES 01 and VES 04. This work showed the antibacterial, antioxidant, and toxicological properties of two pigment crude extracts obtained from actinimycetes actinomycetes VES 01 and VES 04. In terms of antibacterial activity against E. coli ATCC 8739, actnomycete VES 04 pigment crude extract was the most effective, whereas actnomycete VES 01 pigment crude extract revealed the highest level of antioxidant activity

Structural, Optical, Electrical and Hall effect studies of Spray pyrolysised MgSnO 3 Thin films

Abstract: The aim of the present work was to find out the suitable substitute material for ITO. Because the production of ITO (Indium tin oxide) is low and the cost is very high. So MgSnO 3 can be considered as suitable alternative. In this work, MgSnO 3 is prepared by spray pyrolysis method using suitable molar concentration of magnesium acetate and stannic chloride (0.1:0.05, 0.1: 0.1, and 0.1:0.15) and isopropanal as the solvent at constant temperature (T s ) of 350°C.The structural analysis were taken. The prepared film at 0.1:0.05 molar concentrations shows the peak corresponding to MgO, SnO 2 and MgSnO 3 and film prepared at 0.1:0.15 molar concentration shows MgO, SnO 2. The peak position corresponding to SnO 2, MgSnO 3 and MgSnO 4 were observed for the films prepared with the concentration 0.1:0.15. From the results it is concluded that by varying the Ts and the concentration, peak corresponding to MgSnO 3 alone can be obtained, so that it can be used as a perfect TCO. The transmission studies carried out in the UV-Vis range shows that it has 60-84% transmittance and it has the optical bandgap varies from 3.65 -3.8eV. Hall effect measurements shows that MgSnO 3 shows ntype conductivity. The hall co-efficient, carrier concentration and the hall mobility were also observed

Dent-O-Myths Amid Young Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: The word ‘Myth’ is derived from the Greek word “Mythos”, meaning the stories passed by a group of certain population having a strong impact on seeking general and dental treatment even during illness. AIM: The aim of this study was to access the prevalence of dental myths among the young population and to interpret their level of knowledge, awareness and perception. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted amongst 500 young population of age between 18-28 years between May to August 2020, COVID-19 pandemic period. A pretested validated questionnaire was formatted on Google forms and circulated in various social media platforms. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 22.66±2.38 years, and 59% were females and 41% were males. About 65% (325) and 56% (280) of the study subjects believed correctly that mouthwash alone will not maintain oral health and chewing gum will not clean their teeth, respectively. When asked about their responses in case of pain in oral cavity, most people 46% (230) reported they would visit a dentist and major segment of study subjects 56% (281) believed that there can be more methods for treating oral pain other than the extraction of the tooth itself.CONCLUSION: The result of this study revealed that the younger population are more aware and didn’t believe much regarding various dental myths

Phylogenomics of Porites from the Arabian Peninsula

The advent of high throughput sequencing technologies provides an opportunity to resolve phylogenetic relationships among closely related species. By incorporating hundreds to thousands of unlinked loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), phylogenomic analyses have a far greater potential to resolve species boundaries than approaches that rely on only a few markers. Scleractinian taxa have proved challenging to identify using traditional morphological approaches and many groups lack an adequate set of molecular markers to investigate their phylogenies. Here, we examine the potential of Restriction-site Associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to investigate phylogenetic relationships and species limits within the scleractinian coral genus Porites. A total of 126 colonies were collected from 16 localities in the seas surrounding the Arabian Peninsula and ascribed to 12 nominal and two unknown species based on their morphology. Reference mapping was used to retrieve and compare nearly complete mitochondrial genomes, ribosomal DNA, and histone loci. De novo assembly and reference mapping to the P. lobata coral transcriptome were compared and used to obtain thousands of genome-wide loci and SNPs. A suite of species discovery methods (phylogenetic, ordination, and clustering analyses) and species delimitation approaches (coalescent-based, species tree, and Bayesian Factor delimitation) suggested the presence of eight molecular lineages, one of which included six morphospecies. Our phylogenomic approach provided a fully supported phylogeny of Porites from the Arabian Peninsula, suggesting the power of RADseq data to solve the species delineation problem in this speciose coral genus

A Study on Virana Silethumam

The aim of the study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Pancha vakraga chooranam in the management of Virana Silethumam. The Siddhars with their tremendous foreseeing and unfathomable knowledge have clearly mentioned the symptomatology, etiology and treatment of Virana silethumam. For the clinical study, 40 cases were selected with 33 cases treated in OPD and 7 cases in IPD of Ayothidass Pandithar Hospital of National Institute of Siddha, Chennai. Clinical diagnosis was done by means of Siddha and Modern Methodology. The trial subjects were treated with Pancha vakraga Chooranam with twice daily dosing according to the age group. Based on the reporting patients, the improvement in the condition of the patients was observed from the second day itself. Within 4 days, patient showed good relief in symptoms. Observations made during the clinical study showed that the trial drug was clinically effective. In clinical observation, it was found that 73% of the patients showed good relief in signs and symptoms. Further , there was no development of any adverse drug reactions in the pediatric population. Biochemical analysis showed absence of heavy/toxic metals laying a stress on the safety of the drug. Further more, the acute and long term toxicity studies confirmed the safety of the drug and dosing among pediatric population. In GC-MS Analysis, Eugenol constituted about 90% of the drug constituents. Eugenol, a well-known phenolic derivative is proved to have Anti-inflammatory, Anti-microbial activity and influences the efficacy of the prepared drug. Pharmacologically, Pancha vakraga chooranam had significant analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory action enough to produce clinical effects. CONCLUSION: Clinical trial with Pancha vakraga chooranam showed remarkably good results in the management of Virana silethumam without producing any adverse drug effects. A safe herbal formulation that can be prepared readymade with kitchen condiments is clinically efficacious in treating even acute inflammatory conditions like acute pharyngo - tonsillitis. The drug can be safely administered to small infants in the event of recurrent episodes due to climatic changes. Palatability and easy administration of three times to four times daily dosing will be influenced with the use of the honey as adjuvant/vehicle. Thus, it is concluded that in a developing countries like ours, the treatment with Pancha vakraga chooranam will prove safe, efficacious and easily available with cost effective ingredients for the welfare of pediatric population

Histopathological and Immunohistochemical study of Hepatoblastoma

OBJECTIVES : To study the histopathological features of various subtypes of Hepatoblastoma and to correlate the immunohistochemical expression of CK19, Beta-catenin & EpCAM, with histological parameters of tumour behaviour and survival. METHODS : Fifty five cases of HB were included in this study. Detailed histopathological examination of was done. Immunohistochemical expression of CK19, Beta-catenin and EpCAM were correlated with histological subtypes, tumour behaviour, response to chemotherapy and survival. Chi-square/ Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the association between categorical variables. ‘p’ value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. The overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) were calculated. Kaplan-Meier curve was used to depict the survival and log rank test was used to compare the survival in different groups. RESULTS : Most common epithelial subtype was fetal (43.18%) and mixed epithelial (54.83 %) in pre and post-chemotherapy groups respectively. CK19 was expressed in 54.17% and 72.22% of embryonal component, nuclear beta-catenin in 48.65% and 57.14% and EpCAM in 100% and 82.14% of tumours in pre and post-chemotherapy groups respectively. Fetal subtype had a better outcome. Nuclear beta-catenin expression was associated with lower EFS and strong EpCAM expression with tumour viability. Age ≤2yrs, male sex, alpha-feto protein<10000 IU/ml post-chemotherapy, multifocality, size ≤5cm, PRETEXT I&II, mitosis ≤2/10hpf, microvascular invasion and viable tumour <50%predicted higher EFS

Olive oil protects rat liver microsomes against benzo(a)pyrene-induced oxidative damages: An in vitro study

Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), a member of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon family is present ubiquitously in the environment. One of its toxic effects is induction of oxidative stress (mediated by the enzyme B(a)P hydroxylase) which leads to various diseases like cancer. Olive oil (OO) that consists of many antioxidant compounds is reported to have many beneficial properties including protection against cancer. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of OO on B(a)P hydroxylase enzyme and further elucidate the antioxidant capacity of OO against B(a)P-induced toxicity. Rat liver microsomes were divided into three groups: vehicle control, B(a)P treated group, and OO + B(a)P coincubated group. Antioxidant enzymes which were decreased and protein carbonyl content and lipid peroxidation products which were increased on exposure to B(a)P was attenuated to near normal on OO exposure. B(a)P hydroxylase enzyme was very low in OO incubated group which may be due to inhibition of the enzyme by OO or high utilization for the metabolism of B(a)P. Further, no B(a)P metabolites (3-OH B(a)P and B(a)P 7,8-dihydrodiol) were identified in HPLC during B(a)P + OO exposure. The results prove the protective role of OO against B(a)P-induced oxidative damage