Interpersonal violence. Serious sequelae for heart disease in women

Experiencing various forms of violence in either childhood or adulthood has been associated with cardiovascular disease, both shortly after the event and during follow-up, particularly in women. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has heightened the risk of domestic violence with serious sequelae for mental and cardiovascular health in women, possibly due to several contributing factors, ranging from lockdown, stay at home regulations, job losses, anxiety, and stress. Accordingly, it remains paramount to enforce proactive preventive strategies, at both the family and individual level, maintain a high level of attention to recognize all forms of violence or abuse, and guarantee a multidisciplinary team approach for victims of interpersonal or domestic violence in order to address physical, sexual, and emotional domains and offer a personalized care

Vulnerability assessment of Massaguaçú Beach (SE Brazil)

With the aim of summarizing several coastal indicators in one index, this paper proposes a vulnerability index to coastal erosion. This index synthesizes coastal and inland indicators quantitatively, becominga useful tool for coastal planning and better management of coastal resources. The index is composed of coastal variables: beach morphology, shoreline position, dune field configuration, wave exposure and presence of rivers and/or inlets; and inland variables: terrain elevation, vegetation, coastal engineeringstructures, occupation percentile and soil permeability. In order to validate the proposed method, it was\ud applied to Massaguaçú Beach (SP) in the Southeast of Brazil. According to its characteristics, the beach was divided into three sectors from south to north. Sectors 1 and 3 are classified as being of moderate vulnerability, both with index 5, while sector 2 is classified as high vulnerability, with index 7.5

Monitoramento de Helicoverpa armigera na cultura da soja, em Mato Grosso do Sul.

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Ocorrência de insetos-pragas e de seus predadores em diferentes sistemas de produção de soja.

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BF Integrase Genes of HIV-1 Circulating in São Paulo, Brazil, with a Recurrent Recombination Region

Although some studies have shown diversity in HIV integrase (IN) genes, none has focused particularly on the gene evolving in epidemics in the context of recombination. The IN gene in 157 HIV-1 integrase inhibitor-naïve patients from the São Paulo State, Brazil, were sequenced tallying 128 of subtype B (23 of which were found in non-B genomes), 17 of subtype F (8 of which were found in recombinant genomes), 11 integrases were BF recombinants, and 1 from subtype C. Crucially, we found that 4 BF recombinant viruses shared a recurrent recombination breakpoint region between positions 4900 and 4924 (relative to the HXB2) that includes 2 gRNA loops, where the RT may stutter. Since these recombinants had independent phylogenetic origin, we argue that these results suggest a possible recombination hotspot not observed so far in BF CRF in particular, or in any other HIV-1 CRF in general. Additionally, 40% of the drug-naïve and 45% of the drug-treated patients had at least 1 raltegravir (RAL) or elvitegravir (EVG) resistance-associated amino acid change, but no major resistance mutations were found, in line with other studies. Importantly, V151I was the most common minor resistance mutation among B, F, and BF IN genes. Most codon sites of the IN genes had higher rates of synonymous substitutions (dS) indicative of a strong negative selection. Nevertheless, several codon sites mainly in the subtype B were found under positive selection. Consequently, we observed a higher genetic diversity in the B portions of the mosaics, possibly due to the more recent introduction of subtype F on top of an ongoing subtype B epidemics and a fast spread of subtype F alleles among the B population

DISCORDANCE BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AMONG HIV-1-INFECTED PATIENTS ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AND WITH LIPOATROPHY/LIPOHYPERTROPHY SYNDROME

Objetivos: A terapia antirretroviral altamente ativa (HAART) tem melhorado e aumentado a vida de milhares de pessoas que vivem com a infecção pelo HIV/AIDS em todo o mundo. No entanto, este tratamento pode levar ao desenvolvimento da síndrome da lipodistrofia (LDS). Este estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a prevalência de auto-relato de LDS, perfil nutricional e medidas antropométricas de pacientes com HIV/AIDS. Métodos: Estudo observacional de 227 pacientes adultos, divididos em: Grupo 1: 92 pacientes em HAART e com LDS; Grupo 2: 70 pacientes em tratamento com HAART e sem LDS e Grupo 3: 65 pacientes que não tomam HAART. O estado nutricional foi avaliado pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) e o percentual de gordura corporal (%GC) por meio de medidas antropométricas. Resultados: A prevalência de auto-relato de LDS foi de 44% entre as mulheres e 39% entre os homens. DC do tríceps (PCT) apresentou-se mais elevada no grupo HAART e LDS (homens p < 0,001; mulheres p < 0,007) em comparação com aqueles sem HAART, respectivamente. IMC revelou excesso de peso para a maioria dos indivíduos. Conclusões: As medidas antropométricas foram úteis para confirmar a prevalência de auto-relato da síndrome da lipodistrofia. A avaliação das dobras dos braços e pernas revelou-se um bom método para avaliação antropométrica de lipoatrofia de membro, independentemente do sexo. Estes resultados permitiram o estabelecimento de estratégias para o diagnóstico precoce da LDS na prática clínica, em pessoas vivendo com HIV / AIDS.Introduction: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has improved and extended the lives of thousands of people living with HIV/AIDS around the world. However, this treatment can lead to the development of adverse reactions such as lipoatrophy/lipohypertrophy syndrome (LLS) and its associated risks. Objective: This study was designed to assess the prevalence of self-reported lipodystrophy and nutritional status by anthropometric measurements in patients with HIV/AIDS. Methods: An observational study of 227 adult patients in the Secondary Immunodeficiencies Outpatient Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (3002 ADEE-HCFMUSP). The sample was divided into three groups; Group 1 = 92 patients on HAART and with self-reported lipodystrophy, Group 2 = 70 patients on HAART without self-reported lipodystrophy and Group 3 = 65 patients not taking HAART. The nutritional status of individuals in the study sample was determined by body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (% BF). The cardiovascular risk and diseases associated with abdominal obesity were determined by waist/hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). Results: The prevalence of self-reported lipoatrophy/lipohypertrophy syndrome was 33% among women and 59% among men. Anthropometry showed depletion of fat mass in the evaluation of the triceps (TSF) in the treatment groups with HAART and was statistically independent of gender; for men p = 0.001, and for women p = 0.007. Similar results were found in the measurement of skin folds of the upper and lower body (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003 respectively). In assessing the nutritional status of groups by BMI and % BF, excess weight and body fat were more prevalent among women compared to men (p = 0.726). The WHR and WC revealed risks for cardiovascular and other diseases associated with abdominal obesity for women on HAART and with self-reported LLS (p = 0.005) and (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Anthropometric measurements were useful in the confirmation of the prevalence of LLS. BMI alone does not appear to be a good parameter for assessing the nutritional status of HIV-infected patients on HAART and with LLS. Other anthropometric measurements are needed to evaluate patients with the lipoatrophy/lipohypertrophy syndrome

Role of glucocorticoid receptors in mouse neurons secreting gonadotropin releasing hormone

Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) are present in hypotha- lamic neurons secreting gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), suggesting a direct effect of glucocorticoids (Gc) in the control of the synthesis, and/or release of the neuro- hormone. This hypothesis has been confirmed by previous results from our laboratory indicating the presence of GR in the so called GT1-7 cells, an immortalized cell line mim- icking the properties of mature hypothalamic GnRH secreting neurons. The experiments here summarized have been addressed to analyze whether: (1) GR are present also in GN11 immortalized GnRH neurons that are thought to replicate the characteristics of immature GnRH secreting neurons still migrating from the olfactory placode to the hypothal- amus, and (2) whether the activation of GR has some influence on the organization and migratory capacity of GN11 cells. The results obtained show that: (1) experi- ments performed through the means of receptor binding assay, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and immunoblot- ting techniques, demonstrate that GR are present also in GN11 cells, as demonstrated by the binding of dexa- methasone (Dex), the prototypic synthetic GC, to cytosol- ic preparations of GN11 cells; (2) the activation of GR by the addition of Dex to GN11 cells induces nuclear trans- location of GR but does not lead to the inhibition of GnRH gene expression already reported in GT1-7 cells; (3) long-term exposure of GN11 cells to Dex induces a transdifferentiation of the cells towards an epithelial-like phenotype with a reorganization of F-actin in stress fibers; (4) Dex treatment significantly decreases the migra- tory activity of the cells induced in vitro by the addition of fetal bovine serum; (5) finally, Dex addition brings about in GN11 cells an increase of the levels of phosphor- ylated focal adhesion kinase, an index of extracellular matrix function. In conclusion, the data here reported suggest that GR are expressed in hypothalamic GnRH neurons in vivo as well as in mature and immature GnRH secreting neurons in vitro. The different effects displayed by Dex on GN11 cells motility and morphology could suggest that glucocorticoids are involved in the processes regulating the migration of GnRH secreting neurons from the olfactory placode to their final localization in the hypothalamus. This seems to include some modification of the cytoskeleton and shape of GnRH neurons as well as of the extracellular matrix