EDUCATIONAL REFORM IN LOS ANGELES AND ITS EFFECT UPON THE MEXICAN COMMUNITY, 1900-1930

The theme of equal educational opportunity was a major concern of the urban Chicano Movement in the late sixties. Chicanos accused the entire school system of racism and insensitivity towards the Chicano community. Schools, declared the activists, used institutionalized techniques such as intelligence tests and a tracking system to insure that disproportional numbers of Chicano children would be placed in vocational education courses or in classes for the mentally retarded

Racial Intelligence Testing and the Mexican People

In the 1920s and 1930s the Mexican school age population increasingly participated in the educational system of the US. Meanwhile, many first experiences of these children with the state came in the form of educational research. The intelligence testing movement had a brief history before then, one which was gathering much momentum and greatly encouraged by corporate foundations and the cooperation of university administrations. The rapid immigration in the 1920s and settlement of Mexicans into colonias of the Southwest coincided with the rise of academic research and publications on racial intelligence as well as with the combination of mass compulsory education and intelligence testing tracking and curriculum differentation [differentiation]

Computer program for predicting symmetric jet mixing of compressible flow in jets

Finite-difference computer program has been developed for treating mixing of two parallel and compressible air streams; one of them may be supersonic. This development is restricted to symmetric jet mixing in which high-speed jet is located on axis of channel and no provision is made for blowing or suction along channel walls

An analytical sensitivity method for use in integrated aeroservoelastic aircraft design

Interdisciplinary analysis capabilities have been developed for aeroservoelastic aircraft and large flexible spacecraft, but the requisite integrated design methods are only beginning to be developed. One integrated design method which has received attention is based on hierarchal problem decompositions, optimization, and design sensitivity analyses. This paper highlights a design sensitivity analysis method for Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal control laws, enabling the use of LQG techniques in the hierarchal design methodology. The LQG sensitivity analysis method calculates the change in the optimal control law and resulting controlled system responses due to changes in fixed design integration parameters using analytical sensitivity equations. Numerical results of a LQG design sensitivity analysis for a realistic aeroservoelastic aircraft example are presented. In this example, the sensitivity of the optimal control law and aircraft response for various parameters such as wing bending natural frequency is determined. The sensitivity results computed from the analytical expressions are used to estimate changes in response resulting from changes in the parameters. Comparisons of the estimates with exact calculated responses show they are reasonably accurate for + or - 15 percent changes in the parameters. Evaluation of the analytical expressions is computationally faster than equivalent finite difference calculations

Sensitivity method for integrated structure/active control law design

The development is described of an integrated structure/active control law design methodology for aeroelastic aircraft applications. A short motivating introduction to aeroservoelasticity is given along with the need for integrated structures/controls design algorithms. Three alternative approaches to development of an integrated design method are briefly discussed with regards to complexity, coordination and tradeoff strategies, and the nature of the resulting solutions. This leads to the formulation of the proposed approach which is based on the concepts of sensitivity of optimum solutions and multi-level decompositions. The concept of sensitivity of optimum is explained in more detail and compared with traditional sensitivity concepts of classical control theory. The analytical sensitivity expressions for the solution of the linear, quadratic cost, Gaussian (LQG) control problem are summarized in terms of the linear regulator solution and the Kalman Filter solution. Numerical results for a state space aeroelastic model of the DAST ARW-II vehicle are given, showing the changes in aircraft responses to variations of a structural parameter, in this case first wing bending natural frequency

Results of an integrated structure/control law design sensitivity analysis

A design sensitivity analysis method for Linear Quadratic Cost, Gaussian (LQG) optimal control laws, which predicts change in the optimal control law due to changes in fixed problem parameters using analytical sensitivity equations is discussed. Numerical results of a design sensitivity analysis for a realistic aeroservoelastic aircraft example are presented. In this example, the sensitivity of the optimally controlled aircraft's response to various problem formulation and physical aircraft parameters is determined. These results are used to predict the aircraft's new optimally controlled response if the parameter was to have some other nominal value during the control law design process. The sensitivity results are validated by recomputing the optimal control law for discrete variations in parameters, computing the new actual aircraft response, and comparing with the predicted response. These results show an improvement in sensitivity accuracy for integrated design purposes over methods which do not include changes in the optimal control law. Use of the analytical LQG sensitivity expressions is also shown to be more efficient than finite difference methods for the computation of the equivalent sensitivity information

A preliminary annotated checklist and evaluation of the diversity of the Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico

A preliminary annotated checklist of the Chrysomelidae of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico is presented based on literature records and the examination of approximately 16,000 chrysomelid specimens. Seven subfamilies and 218 described species have been identified. Ninty-one species are recognized from the Baja California peninsula for the first time. Twenty-nine species are listed as endemic. An additional 128 morphospecies have been identified as undescribed or not yet associated with described species of mainland Mexico or the United States. Adult host plant associations have been identified for approximately 120 species or 35% of the leaf beetle fauna of the region. Each of the 218 described species is associated with the eight plant communities as outlined by Wiggins (1980). Two dominant subfamilies comprise 76% of the leaf beetle fauna: Galerucinae, 87 species (40%) and Cryptocephalinae, 78 species (36%). The following new combinations are proposed: Neolema californica (Heinze, 1927), transferred from Lema Fabricius, 1798; Pseudoluperus histrio (Horn, 1895), transferred from Keitheatus Wilcox, 1965, and Diachus peninsularis (Schaeffer, 1906), transferred from Triachus J. L. LeConte, 1880. Lema peninsulae Crotch, 1873, is removed from synonymy with L. balteata J. L. LeConte, 1884 and reinstated as a valid species. A replacement name is proposed: Longitarsus bajaensis Andrews and Gilbert for Longitarsus bicolor Horn, 1894