82 research outputs found
Root vacuolar sequestration and suberization are prominent responses of Pistacia spp. rootstocks during salinity stress
Understanding the mechanisms of stress tolerance in diverse species is needed to enhance crop performance under conditions such as high salinity. Plant roots, in particular in grafted agricultural crops, can function as a boundary against external stresses in order to maintain plant fitness. However, limited information exists for salinity stress responses of woody species and their rootstocks. Pistachio (Pistacia spp.) is a tree nut crop with relatively high salinity tolerance as well as high genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we used a microscopy-based approach to investigate the cellular and structural responses to salinity stress in the roots of two pistachio rootstocks, Pistacia integerrima (PGI) and a hybrid, P. atlantica x P. integerrima (UCB1). We analyzed root sections via fluorescence microscopy across a developmental gradient, defined by xylem development, for sodium localization and for cellular barrier differentiation via suberin deposition. Our cumulative data suggest that the salinity response in pistachio rootstock species is associated with both vacuolar sodium ion (Na+) sequestration in the root cortex and increased suberin deposition at apoplastic barriers. Furthermore, both vacuolar sequestration and suberin deposition correlate with the root developmental gradient. We observed a higher rate of Na+ vacuolar sequestration and reduced salt-induced leaf damage in UCB1 when compared to P. integerrima. In addition, UCB1 displayed higher basal levels of suberization, in both the exodermis and endodermis, compared to P. integerrima. This difference was enhanced after salinity stress. These cellular characteristics are phenotypes that can be taken into account during screening for sodium-mediated salinity tolerance in woody plant species
Analysis of the Promoter of Emb5 from Zea mays Identifies a Region of 523Â bp Responsible for Its Embryo-Specific Activity
The maize Emb5 is an abscisic acidâresponsive gene which is specifically expressed in the late embryo during seed maturity. To further dissect and identify the elements specific for its embryo expression pattern, we investigated the activity of the ââ1653 bp upstream of the âfull-lengthâ promoter region of this gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. We first confirmed that the âfull-lengthâ promoter could indeed drive the expression of β-glucuronidase reporter gene (GUS) in the transgenic Arabidopsis seed embryo. Subsequently, DNA fragments of ~â500 bp in length were generated after a series of progressive deletions from positions ââ1653 bp to ââ1 bp relative to the transcriptional initiation site. These fragments were fused with GUS and introduced into Arabidopsis. Measurement of the GUS activity in the immature seeds isolated from the transgenic plants revealed that the region between positions ââ523 bp and ââ1 bp, namely ProEm-D, is absolutely required and sufficient for the temporal and embryo-specific expression of GUS with an activity comparable with the full-length Emb5 promoter in Arabidopsis. Therefore, our results clearly demonstrated that the 523 bp ProEm-D can replace the ââ1653 bp Emb5 promoter to drive embryo-specific expression in Arabidopsis seed. Because of its small size and strong embryo-specific activity, it could become the promoter of choice in metabolic pathway engineering to transfer multiple genes for the production of valuable pharmaceutical products in seeds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids found in fish oils, or pro-vitamin A where at least three transgenes are required to assemble the entire metabolic pathways
Analysis of the modes of energy consumption of the complex of an incoherent scattering of the institute of ionosphere of national academy of sciences and the ministry of education and science of Ukraine
ĐŁ Đ´Đ°Đ˝ŃĐš ŃŃĐ°ŃŃŃ ĐżŃодŃŃĐ°Đ˛ĐťĐľĐ˝Ń ŃоСŃĐťŃŃĐ°Ńи анаНŃĐˇŃ ŃоМиПŃв оноŃгОŃĐżĐžĐśĐ¸Đ˛Đ°Đ˝Đ˝Ń ĐşĐžĐźĐżĐťĐľĐşŃŃ Đ˝ĐľĐşĐžĐłĐľŃонŃнОгО ŃОСŃŃŃĐ˝Đ˝Ń ĐĐ˝ŃŃиŃŃŃŃ ŃОнОŃŃĐľŃи ĐĐĐ Ń ĐĐĐ ĐŁĐşŃĐ°Ńни С ПоŃĐžŃ Đ˛Đ¸ŃŃŃĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń ĐżŃОйНоПи ĐżŃдвиŃĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń ĐľĐ˝ĐľŃгОоŃокŃивнОŃŃŃ Đ˝Đ°ŃкОвО-Đ´ĐžŃĐťŃднОгО кОПпНокŃŃ ŃĐ° ŃŃвОŃĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń ĐľĐ˝ĐľŃгОоŃокŃĐ¸Đ˛Đ˝ĐžŃ ŃиŃŃоПи оНокŃŃОпОŃŃĐ°ŃаннŃ, Ńка СайоСпоŃиŃŃ ŃŃŃĐšĐşŃ ŃОйОŃŃ Đ˝Đ°ŃкОвОгО ĐžĐąĐťĐ°Đ´Đ˝Đ°Đ˝Đ˝Ń Đ´ĐťŃ Đ˛Đ¸ĐşĐžĐ˝Đ°Đ˝Đ˝Ń Đ´ĐžŃĐťŃдниŃŃкиŃ
ĐżŃОгŃĐ°Đź ĐĐĐ ĐŁĐşŃĐ°Ńни. ĐпиŃана ŃиŃŃоПа оНокŃŃĐžĐśĐ¸Đ˛ĐťĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń ĐşĐžĐźĐżĐťĐľĐşŃŃ ŃĐ° ŃоМиПи оноŃгОŃĐżĐžĐśĐ¸Đ˛Đ°Đ˝Đ˝Ń ĐşĐžĐźĐżĐťĐľĐşŃŃ. ĐпиŃанО ĐżŃиŃŃŃĐžŃ ŃĐ°Đ´Đ°ŃĐ˝ĐžŃ ŃиŃŃоПи, Đ° ŃакОМ наКйŃĐťŃŃ ĐżĐžŃŃĐśĐ˝Ń ŃпОМиваŃŃ ĐľĐťĐľĐşŃŃОоноŃĐłŃŃ, ŃĐşŃ ŃпОМиваŃŃŃ ĐľĐťĐľĐşŃŃОоноŃĐłŃŃ Đ˝Đ° окŃпоŃиПонŃĐ°ĐťŃĐ˝Ń Ń ĐłĐžŃпОдаŃŃŃĐşŃ ĐżĐžŃŃойи. ĐŃОанаНŃСОванО оноŃгОŃĐżĐžĐśĐ¸Đ˛Đ°Đ˝Đ˝Ń ĐşĐžĐźĐżĐťĐľĐşŃŃ Đ˝ĐľĐşĐžĐłĐľŃонŃнОгО ŃОСŃŃŃĐ˝Đ˝Ń ĐˇĐ° 2013 Ń. ĐŃŃиПанО Ń ĐżŃодŃŃавНонО ĐłŃĐ°ŃŃки ŃĐľŃоднŃĐžŃ ŃĐżĐžĐśĐ¸Đ˛Đ°Đ˝ĐžŃ ĐżĐžŃŃМнОŃŃŃ (ŃĐľŃоднŃОдОйОвиК пОкаСник) Ń ŃĐľŃоднŃĐžŃ ŃĐżĐžĐśĐ¸Đ˛Đ°Đ˝ĐžŃ ĐżĐžŃŃМнОŃŃŃ Đ˛ ŃĐľĐśĐ¸ĐźŃ Đ˛Đ¸ĐźŃŃŃванŃ. ĐпиŃана Đ´ĐžŃŃĐťŃĐ˝ŃŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐžĐ˛ĐľĐ´ĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń ŃОйŃŃ Đˇ ОпŃиПŃСаŃŃŃ ĐľĐ˝ĐľŃгОпОŃŃĐ°ŃĐ°Đ˝Đ˝Ń Đ˝Đ°ŃкОвО-Đ´ĐžŃĐťŃднОгО кОПпНокŃŃ ĐĐ˝ŃŃиŃŃŃŃ ŃОнОŃŃĐľŃи. ĐĐ°ĐżŃОпОнОванО ĐźĐžĐśĐťĐ¸Đ˛Ń ĐˇĐ°Ń
Оди Đ´ĐťŃ ĐˇĐ˝Đ¸ĐśĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń ĐľĐşĐžĐ˝ĐžĐźŃŃĐ˝ĐžŃ Đ˛Đ°ŃŃĐžŃŃŃ ĐżŃĐžĐ˛ĐľĐ´ĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń ĐľĐşŃпоŃиПонŃŃв С Đ´ĐžŃĐťŃĐ´ĐśĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń ŃОнОŃŃĐľŃи наŃкОвО-Đ´ĐžŃĐťŃднОгО кОПпНокŃŃ Đ˝ĐľĐşĐžĐłĐľŃонŃнОгО ŃОСŃŃŃннŃ. ĐŃОводонО анаНŃС ŃОйŃŃ ŃŃŃĐ°ŃниŃ
авŃĐžŃŃв С ПоŃĐžŃ ĐżĐžĐşĐ°ĐˇĐ°Ńи, ŃĐž ĐżŃдвиŃĐľĐ˝Đ˝Ń ĐľŃокŃивнОŃŃŃ ŃŃнкŃŃОнŃĐ˛Đ°Đ˝Đ˝Ń ŃиŃŃоП оНокŃŃОпОŃŃĐ°ŃĐ°Đ˝Đ˝Ń Ń Đ°ĐşŃŃĐ°ĐťŃĐ˝ĐžŃ ĐżŃĐžĐąĐťĐľĐźĐžŃ ŃŃŃĐ°ŃниŃ
Đ´ĐžŃĐťŃдМонŃ.This article presents the results of the analysis of the energy consumption modes of the incoherent scattering complex of the Institute of Ionosphere of the National Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine to solve the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of a research complex and creating an energy efficient power supply system that will ensure the sustainability of scientific equipment for research programs
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The system of power supply of the complex and modes of power consumption of the complex are described. The devices of the radar system are described, as well as the most powerful consumers of electricity, which consume electricity for experimental and economic needs. The energy consumption of the incoherent scattering complex in 2013 is analyzed. Graphs of the average power consumption (daily average) and average power consumption in measurement modes were obtained and presented. The feasibility of work to optimize the energy supply of the research complex of the institute of the ionosphere is described. Possible measures are proposed to reduce the economic cost of conducting experiments on the study of the ionosphere of an incoherent scattering research complex. The analysis of the works of modern authors i s
carried out in order to show that increasing the efficiency of the power supply systems is an actual problem of modern research
Ubiquitin fusion expression and tissue-dependent targeting of hG-CSF in transgenic tobacco
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) is an important human cytokine which has been widely used in oncology and infection protection. To satisfy clinical needs, expression of recombinant hG-CSF has been studied in several organisms, including rice cell suspension culture and transient expression in tobacco leaves, but there was no published report on its expression in stably transformed plants which can serve as a more economical expression platform with potential industrial application.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, hG-CSF expression was investigated in transgenic tobacco leaves and seeds in which the accumulation of hG-CSF could be enhanced through fusion with ubiquitin by up to 7 fold in leaves and 2 fold in seeds, leading to an accumulation level of 2.5 mg/g total soluble protein (TSP) in leaves and 1.3 mg/g TSP in seeds, relative to hG-CSF expressed without a fusion partner. Immunoblot analysis showed that ubiquitin was processed from the final protein product, and ubiquitination was up-regulated in all transgenic plants analyzed. Driven by <it>CaMV </it>35S promoter and phaseolin signal peptide, hG-CSF was observed to be secreted into apoplast in leaves but deposited in protein storage vacuole (PSV) in seeds, indicating that targeting of the hG-CSF was tissue-dependent in transgenic tobacco. Bioactivity assay showed that hG-CSF expressed in both seeds and leaves was bioactive to support the proliferation of NFS-60 cells.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>In this study, the expression of bioactive hG-CSF in transgenic plants was improved through ubiquitin fusion strategy, demonstrating that protein expression can be enhanced in both plant leaves and seeds through fusion with ubiquitin and providing a typical case of tissue-dependent expression of recombinant protein in transgenic plants.</p
Genetic and Physiological Analysis of Iron Biofortification in Maize Kernels
BACKGROUND: Maize is a major cereal crop widely consumed in developing countries, which have a high prevalence of iron (Fe) deficiency anemia. The major cause of Fe deficiency in these countries is inadequate intake of bioavailable Fe, where poverty is a major factor. Therefore, biofortification of maize by increasing Fe concentration and or bioavailability has great potential to alleviate this deficiency. Maize is also a model system for genomic research and thus allows the opportunity for gene discovery. Here we describe an integrated genetic and physiological analysis of Fe nutrition in maize kernels, to identify loci that influence grain Fe concentration and bioavailability. METHODOLOGY: Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was used to dissect grain Fe concentration (FeGC) and Fe bioavailability (FeGB) from the Intermated B73 Ă Mo17 (IBM) recombinant inbred (RI) population. FeGC was determined by ion coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP). FeGB was determined by an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell line bioassay. CONCLUSIONS: Three modest QTL for FeGC were detected, in spite of high heritability. This suggests that FeGC is controlled by many small QTL, which may make it a challenging trait to improve by marker assisted breeding. Ten QTL for FeGB were identified and explained 54% of the variance observed in samples from a single year/location. Three of the largest FeGB QTL were isolated in sister derived lines and their effect was observed in three subsequent seasons in New York. Single season evaluations were also made at six other sites around North America, suggesting the enhancement of FeGB was not specific to our farm site. FeGB was not correlated with FeGC or phytic acid, suggesting that novel regulators of Fe nutrition are responsible for the differences observed. Our results indicate that iron biofortification of maize grain is achievable using specialized phenotyping tools and conventional plant breeding techniques
The chemical compound 'Heatin' stimulates hypocotyl elongation and interferes with the Arabidopsis NIT1-subfamily of nitrilases
Temperature passively affects biological processes involved in plant growth. Therefore, it is challenging to study the dedicated temperature signalling pathways that orchestrate thermomorphogenesis, a suite of elongation growth-based adaptations that enhance leaf-cooling capacity. We screened a chemical library for compounds that restored hypocotyl elongation in the pif4-2-deficient mutant background at warm temperature conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana to identify modulators of thermomorphogenesis. The small aromatic compound 'Heatin', containing 1-iminomethyl-2-naphthol as a pharmacophore, was selected as an enhancer of elongation growth. We show that ARABIDOPSIS ALDEHYDE OXIDASES redundantly contribute to Heatin-mediated hypocotyl elongation. Following a chemical proteomics approach, the members of the NITRILASE1-subfamily of auxin biosynthesis enzymes were identified among the molecular targets of Heatin. Our data reveal that nitrilases are involved in promotion of hypocotyl elongation in response to high temperature and Heatin-mediated hypocotyl elongation requires the NITRILASE1-subfamily members, NIT1 and NIT2. Heatin inhibits NIT1-subfamily enzymatic activity in vitro and the application of Heatin accordingly results in the accumulation of NIT1-subfamily substrate indole-3-acetonitrile in vivo. However, levels of the NIT1-subfamily product, bioactive auxin (indole-3-acetic acid), were also significantly increased. It is likely that the stimulation of hypocotyl elongation by Heatin might be independent of its observed interaction with NITRILASE1-subfamily members. However, nitrilases may contribute to the Heatin response by stimulating indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in an indirect way. Heatin and its functional analogues present novel chemical entities for studying auxin biology
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