Optimal Control of Multiple Transmission of Water-Borne Diseases

A controlled SIWR model was considered which was an extension of the simple SIR model by adjoining a compartment () that tracks the pathogen concentration in the water. New infections arise both through exposure to contaminated water as well as by the classical SIR person-person transmission pathway. The controls represent an immune boosting and pathogen suppressing drugs. The objective function is based on a combination of minimizing the number of infected individuals and the cost of the drugs dose. The optimal control is obtained by solving the optimality system which was composed of four nonlinear ODEs with initial conditions and four nonlinear adjoint ODEs with transversality conditions. The results were analysed and interpreted numerically using MATLAB

Analysis Of Single Server Queueing System With Batch Service Under Multiple Vacations With Loss And Feedback

Consider a single server queueing system with foxed batch service under multiple vacations with loss and feedback in which the arrival rate ? follows a Poisson process and the service time follows an exponential distribution with parameter ?. Assume that the system initially contain k customers when the server enters the system and starts the service in batch. The concept of feedback is incorporated in this model (i.e) after completion of the service, if this batch of customers dissatisfied then this batch may join the queue with probability q and with probability (1-q) leaves the system. This q is called a feedback probability. After completion of the service if he finds more than k customers in the queue then the first k customers will be taken for service and service will be given as a batch of size k and if he finds less than k customers in the queue then he leaves for a multiple vacation of exponential length ?. The impatient behaviour of customer is also studied in this model (i.e) the arriving customer may join the queue with probability p when the server is busy or in vacation. This probability p is called loss probability. This model is completely solved by constructing the generating function and Rouche’s theorem is applied and we have derived the closed form solutions for probability of number of customers in the queue during the server busy and in vacation. Further we are providing the analytical solution for mean number of customers and variance of the system. Numerical studies have been done for analysis of mean and variance for various values of ?, µ, ?, p, q and k and also various particular cases of this model have been discussed. Keywords : Single Server , Batch Service, Loss and Feedback,  Multiple vacations, Steady state distribution

Analysis of Single Server Fixed Batch Service Queueing System under Multiple Vacation with Catastrophe

Consider a single server fixed batch service queueing system under multiple vacation with a possibility of catastrophe in which the arrival rate ? follows a Poisson process and the service time follows an exponential distribution with parameter ?. Further we assume that the catastrophe occur at the rate of ? which follows a Poisson process and the length of time the server in vacation follows an exponential distribution with parameter ?.  Assume that the system initially contains k customers when the server enters in to the system and starts the service immediately in a batch of size k. After completion of a service, if he finds less than k customers in the queue, then the server goes for a multiple vacation of length ?. If there are more than k customers in the queue then the first k customers will be selected from the queue and service will be given as a batch. We are analyzing the possibility of catastrophe that is whenever a catastrophe occurs in the system, all the customers who are in the system will be completely destroyed and system becomes an empty and server goes for a multiple vacation. This model is completely solved by constructing the generating function  and we have derived the closed form solutions for probability of number of customers in the queue during the server busy and in vacation. Further we are providing the analytical solution for mean number of customers and variance of the system. Numerical studies have been done for analysis of mean and variance of number of customers in the system for various values of ?, µ, ? and k and also various particular cases of this model have been discussed. Keywords: Single server queue , Fixed batch service , Catastrophe, Multiple vacation, Steady state distributio

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF AGLAIA ELAEAGNOIDEA AND THEIR EFFICACY ON ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL GROWTH

Phytochemicals are extensively found at different levels in many plants and serves as basic raw material in the manufacturing of medicine, nutrition, cosmetics, dyeing and other industries. The present study aimed to lighten the medicinal uses of the leaves and stem bark of Aglaia elaeagnoide plant in the treatment of different ailments such as astringent, antidiarrhoeal, antidysenteric, skin diseases, tumours in Indian medicine of Ayurveda. In the present work we investigated the phytochemical screening to find out new sources of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial activity source from the leaf and stem bark of Aglaia elaeagnoidea with different solvents such as chloroform, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether and water. Phytochemical screening of all crude extracts of leaf and bark reveals the presence of alkaloids, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, quinones, xanthoproteins, terpinoids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, leucoanthocyanins, saponins and emodins. In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of leaf and bark exhibited maximum phenolic compounds and scavenging activity. Phenolic compounds of leaf and bark exhibit positive correlation to antioxidant activity. All the crude extracts of leaf and bark showed low to moderate inhibition zone against Staphylo coccus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Vibrio vulnificus and Candida albicans. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of different crude extracts of bark exhibited more efficacy compared to the leaf extracts. Thus, further development of new phytochemicals for the treatment of different disorders by using sustainable approach opens up possibilities in the usage of these as antioxidant and antimicrobial in various medicinal composition

Exploring the binding affinities of p300 enzyme activators CTPB and CTB using docking method

364-369CREB binding protein (CBP) and E1A binding protein p300, also known as p300 are functionally related transcriptional co-activators (CoAs) and histone acetyltransferases (HATs). Some small molecules, which target HATs can activate or inhibit the p300 enzyme potently. Here, we report the binding affinities of two small molecules CTPB [N-(4-chloro- 3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-6-pentadecyl-benzamide] and CTB [N-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-2-ethoxy-benzamide] with p300 using docking method to obtain the insight of their interaction with p300. These small molecules bind to the enzyme, subsequently causing a structural change in the enzyme, which is responsible for the HAT activation. CTB exhibits higher binding affinity than CTPB, and their lowest docked energies are -7.72, -1.18 kcal/mol, respectively. In CTPB molecule, phenolic hydroxyl of Tyr1397 interacts with the non-polar atoms C(5E) and C(5F), and forms polar-non polar interactions. Similar interactions have also been observed in CTB. The residues Tyr1446 and Cys1438 interact with the non-pentadecyl atoms. Further, the docking study predicts a N-HO hydrogen bonding interaction between CTB and Leu1398, in which the HO contact distance is 2.06 Å. The long pentadecyl chain of CTPB reduces the formation of hydrogen bond with the p300. The H-bond interaction could be the key factor for the better activation of CTB.</span

Catalytic and recyclability properties of phytogenic copper oxide nanoparticles derived from Aglaia elaeagnoidea flower extract

The phytogenic synthesis method to highly active, recoverable and recyclable heterogeneous copper oxide nanocatalyst and encapsulated within biomaterial that acts as a nontoxic and renewable source of reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesized CuO NPs were characterized using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermo gravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA–DSC), techniques. The formation of CuO NPs with the size 20–45 nm range is shown in TEM image. Significantly, in aqueous phase CuO NPs have high catalytic activity for the reduction of Congo red (CR), methylene blue (MB) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in the presence of the sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at room temperature. In addition, CuO NPs catalyst can be easily recovered by centrifugation and reused for 6 cycles with more than 90% conversion efficiency. CuO nanocatalyst, leaching after catalytic application was investigated by ICPAES (Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy). CuO NPs possess great prospects in reduction of pernicious dyes and nitro organic pollutants in water

IoT Based Supervisory and Diagnosis System for Solar Farm

Simple gadgets in the physical world are controlled over the internet by Internet of Things (IoT). To manage our gadgets remotely in integration with the already available internet infrastructure, chance for the natural linking of physical devices internationally in a personal computer, gains performance, perfection and cost benefits beyond the limited transcend manual involvement. This generation has more implementations such as microgrids, solar hamlets, solar metropolis, solar lamps. Renewable energy sources have grown quicker than at any moment in the old days of this era. The recommended device mentions an online visualization of the use of solar power as sustainable energy. Supervision is done by the Arduino Nano microcontroller with Sim800l. Smart Supervision shows the day-to-day consumption of sustainable energy via the Android app. This assists the user to analyze energy consumption and alerts the user in case of failure. The rating affects the consumption of renewable energy and energy problems

Evaluation of Eucalyptus Clones for Growth and Yield in Southern Region of Andhra Pradesh, India

Eucalyptus is one of the most commonly planted forest species in the world due to its resilience to a variety of climatic and edaphic conditions as well as its use in the paper and pulp industry. The primary factor in the use of species at the farming and commercial levels in agroforestry is the higher productivity the species in a short time of 4-5 years. Superior clones are produced by Eucalyptus clonal trials at several areas, depending on the needs and performance. The present study was carried out to assess the growth and yield performance of Eucalyptus clones in southern region of Andhra Pradesh for identification of promising clones for the region. A clonal trial was established in the year 2012 with 49 clones to assess their suitability in the region.&nbsp; The results of growth performance on evaluation of these clones represents clone BCM-288 (13.9m) recorded higher tree height and the highest value of DBH belonged to clone BCM-23 (42.3 cm). The remaining clones had different ranks of DBH and height increments as compared to mean. The clone BCM-2169 recorded the maximum stem weight (125.8 kg/tree) and total above ground biomass (148.7 kg/tree) among the clones tested and clones BCM- 23 and BCM-571 recorded at par values.&nbsp; The clone BCM-27 recorded the least stem weight, foliage weight and above ground biomass proving to be a least performer among the clones tested.&nbsp; Therefore, in future, these promising clones (BCM-2169, BCM-23 and BCM-571) can be cloned for development and deployment of genetically superior clonal planting stock for reforestation, farming and Agroforestry projects in southern region of Andhra Pradesh