A nonlocal connection between certain linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations/oscillators

We explore a nonlocal connection between certain linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs), representing physically important oscillator systems, and identify a class of integrable nonlinear ODEs of any order. We also devise a method to derive explicit general solutions of the nonlinear ODEs. Interestingly, many well known integrable models can be accommodated into our scheme and our procedure thereby provides further understanding of these models.Comment: 12 pages. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 (2006) in pres

Seamless Heterogeneous Handoff Based on SAP

Contemporarily there has been a number of techniques being suggested and used for heterogeneous handoff hitch. Different types of decision making methods are being implemented for handoff impediment. Mobile terminals progressing in neighbourhood will incur a handoff when its link capacity decreases below the threshold level. Various types of Multiple Attribute Decision Making methods have been exploited for handoff decision making. Here we have used a novel Reliable Seamless Handoff such as Simple Analytical Process method which uses Analytical Hierarchy Process for predicting the criterion weights and employed Simple Additive Weighting method for handoff decision making. Alternatives such as GSM, CDMA and EDGE networks are used. Data Rate, Packet Loss, Velocity, Bandwidth, Dwell time and Jitter are the parameters applied

A technique to obtain a multiparameter radar rainfall algorithm using the probability matching procedure

The natural cumulative distributions of rainfall observed by a network of rain gauges and a multiparameter radar are matched to derive multiparameter radar algorithms for rainfall estimation. Conventional usage of multiparameter radar measurements for rainfall estimation has been associated with tracking the variability of the raindrop size distribution. The use of multiparameter radar measurements in a statistical framework to estimate rainfall is presented in this paper. The techniques developed in this paper are applied to the radar and rain gauge measurement of rainfall observed in central Florida and central Italy. Conventional pointwise estimates of rainfall are also compared. The probability matching procedure, when applied to the radar and surface measurements, shows that multiparameter radar algorithms can match the probability distribution function better than the reflectivity-based algorithms, thereby indicating the potential of multiparameter radar measurements for statistical approach to rainfall estimation. It is also shown that the multiparameter radar algorithm derived matching the cumulative distribution function of rainfall provides more accurate estimates of rainfall on the ground in comparison to any conventional reflectivity-based algorithm

Comparison of radar rainfall estimates and raingage measurements over the Central Apennines

Radar measurement of rainfall over mountainous regions is a difficult task due to the requirements of avoiding beam blockage as well as contamination by the melting layer. In this paper the raingage measurements and radar estimates of rainfall over two distinct locations in the central Apennines are compared to study the effect of beam blocking on radar measurements. A simple procedure is developed to estimate the percentage of beam blockage by the mountain ridges and, correspondingly, to correct the radar estimates of rainfall

Operational monitoring of rainfall over the Arno River basin using dual-polarized radar and rain gauges

Includes bibliographical references (page 1230).Reflectivity (ZH) and differential reflectivity (ZDR) measurements collected by Polar 55C over the Amo River basin in Italy are presented. The applicability of dual-polarization (ZDR)-based rainfall algorithms at C band in an operational setting is studied in conjunction with a network of rain gauges. Conventional pointwise comparison of radar and rain gauge estimates of rainfall, as well as statistical comparison of dual-polarization radar and rain gauge data via probability matching procedure, are presented. Error structure of reflectivity rainfall Z-R relation, as well as ZDR-based algorithms, is evaluated as a function of spatial and temporal averaging. Pointwise comparison, as well as statistical evaluation based on cumulative distribution function (CDF) matching, are used to show that in an operational environment with excessive ground-clutter contamination and attenuation problems the dual-polarization-based rainfall algorithm performs better than any arbitrary Z-R relation. In addition, it is shown that a dual-polarization (ZDR) algorithm obtained matching the CDFs performs better than the best possible Z-R relation

POTENTIAL PHYTOCONSTITUENTS FROM NATURAL PRODUCTS FOR COMBATING AGAINST CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-19 (SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME CORONAVIRUS‐2) - A REVIEW

Coronavirus called as coronavirus diseases (COVID)-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [SARS‐CoV]‐2) is a viral infection which is spreading to a great extent and affecting many people worldwide, many developed and developing countries are severely affected by the virus. The World Health Organization (WHO) is taking serious preventive measures to stop this viral infection worldwide. The coronavirus is a big threat to human beings and controlling the emerging viral infections is a global concern. Antiviral drug such as Remdesivir has been approved by the FDA, but combating against these viral infections is a great challenge to scientists and researchers with the available few antiviral drugs due to severe side effects and toxicity. Many drugs such as hydroxy chloroquin, Remdesivir, and vaccines have been recommended for combating this virus. Few Polyherbal formulations and Ayurvedic formulations containing antiviral phytoconstituents have been recommended to boost the immunity. Some drugs and phytoconstituents are under different phases of human clinical trials. The currently available synthetic drugs and vaccines for the treatment of viral infections have severe side effects. Medicinal plants play a critical role in treating viral infections by developing immunity against viral diseases. Some medicinal plants which were used as antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity helped in treating various diseases and viral infections. Many plants contain flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, and polyphenols such as thymoquinone, phytosteroids such as cucurbitacin and others which may likely to act as antioxidants and immunomodulatory that can fight against COVID-19. The current review provides information on phytochemical constituents present in medicinal plants, their mechanism of action, in silico molecular docking studies and human clinical trials to treat viral disorders

FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF OLANZAPINE LIPOSOME

Objective: Olanzapine (OZ) is a thioeno benzodiazepine class second-generation or atypical antipsychotic that selectively binds to central dopamine D2 and serotonin (5-HT2c) receptors used for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The present paper is aimed at developing an optimized liposome-loaded OZ as an approach for brain targeting through the nasal route for effective therapeutic management of schizophrenia. Methods: The OZ liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. Various independent variable such as phospholipid, cholesterol and sonication time was optimized by using Design-Expert® Software to obtain the dependent variables of entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and zeta potential. The optimized formulation was predicted based on the response obtained by the point prediction method. Results: The entrapment efficiency of the formulation was range between 72.9 and 85.1 %. The average particle size of all the 15 experimental runs lies between the minimum and maximum values of the size 258.33 to 325.32 nm, respectively. The zeta potential ranges from-27.53 to-11.46 mV. The optimized formulation for characterized for its morphology by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In vitro release studies of OZ-loaded liposomal formulation was carried by dialysis sac method using pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (PBS) as a medium. The maximum release was found to be 98.43±1.2 % up to 24 h. The R2 zero-order kinetics and Korsmeyer-Peppas model was found to be 0.9919 and 0.9664, respectively. The zero-order shows the best-fit model with a highest R2 value exhibiting better correlation and the ‘n’ value was also found to be 0.85; indicating both diffusion-controlled and swelling-controlled drug release that is anomalous transport. Conclusion: The results, clearly states that the prepared formulations justify the parameters and OZ might be a suitable candidate to target the brain through nasal delivery

Spin-1 gravitational waves and their natural sources

Non-vacuum exact gravitational waves invariant for a non Abelian two-dimensional Lie algebra generated by two Killing fields whose commutator is of light type, are described. The polarization of these waves, already known from previous works, is related to the sources. Non vacuum exact gravitational waves admitting only one Killing field of light type are also discussed.Comment: 10 pages, late

Elasmobranch resources of India

Available information on the length-weight relationship, age and growth for some elasmobranch species was compiled and growth parameters discussed. Food and feeding habits studied for some species indicated preferences, except tiger shark, for certain food. In some cases there is shifting of food habits as the young shark grows to adulthood. Starvation of female sharks is a notable feature during advanced stage of pregnancy. The three types of development exhibited by different species are discussed. The size of litter, the relationship between the length of mother and litter size and fecundity are dealt with. Landings of elasmobranchs over the years were steadily increasing. There was spurt in landings during mid seventies. In recent years the elasmobranch production appeared to be stabilizing and a sign of stagnation in the landings is evident. Group wise, reqion wise and gear wise landings are discussed

B polarization of the CMB from Faraday rotation

We study the effect of Faraday rotation due to a homogeneous magnetic field on the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Scalar fluctuations give rise only to parity-even E-type polarization of the CMB. However in the presence of a magnetic field, a non-vanishing parity-odd B-type polarization component is produced through Faraday rotation. We derive the exact solution for the E and B modes generated by scalar perturbations including the Faraday rotation effect of a uniform magnetic field, and evaluate their cross-correlations with temperature anisotropies. We compute the angular autocorrelation function of the B-modes in the limit that the Faraday rotation is small. We find that primordial magnetic fields of present strength around $B_0=10^{-9}$G rotate E-modes into B-modes with amplitude comparable to those due to the weak gravitational lensing effect at frequencies around $\nu=30$ GHz. The strength of B-modes produced by Faraday rotation scales as $B_0/\nu^2$. We evaluate also the depolarizing effect of Faraday rotation upon the cross correlation between temperature anisotropy and E-type polarization.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. Minor changes to match the published versio