Edge Influence Computation in Dynamic Graphs

Reachability queries are of great importance in many research and application areas, including general graph mining, social network analysis and so on. Many approaches have been proposed to compute whether there exists one path from one node to another node in a graph. Most of these approaches focus on static graphs, however in practice dynamic graphs are more common. In this paper, we focus on handling graph reachability queries in dynamic graphs. Specifically we investigate the influence of a given edge in the graph, aiming to study the overall reachability changes in the graph brought by the possible failure/deletion of the edge. To this end, we firstly develop an efficient update algorithm for handling edge deletions. We then define the edge influence concept and put forward a novel computation algorithm to accelerate the computation of edge influence. We evaluate our approach using several real world datasets. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms traditional approaches significantly

Multiparty simultaneous quantum identity authentication based on entanglement swapping

We present a multiparty simultaneous quantum identity authentication protocol based on entanglement swapping. In our protocol, the multi-user can be authenticated by a trusted third party simultaneously

Assessment of molecular detection of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria in different environmental samples using PCR primers based on 16S rRNA and functional genes

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Verlag via the DOI in this recordEleven published PCR primer sets for detecting genes encoding 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), hydrazine oxidoreductase (HZO), cytochrome cd1-containing nitrite reductase (NirS), and hydrazine synthase subunit A (HzsA) of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria were assessed for the diversity and abundance of anammox bacteria in samples of three environments: wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), wetland of Mai Po Nature Reserve (MP), and the South China Sea (SCS). Consistent phylogenetic results of three biomarkers (16S rRNA, hzo, and hzsA) of anammox bacteria were obtained from all samples. WWTP had the lowest diversity with Candidatus Kuenenia dominating while the SCS was dominated by Candidatus Scalindua. MP showed the highest diversity of anammox bacteria including C. Scalindua, C. Kuenenia, and Candidatus Brocadia. Comparing different primer sets, no significant differences in specificity for 16S rRNA gene could be distinguished. Primer set CL1 showed relatively high efficiency in detecting the anammox bacterium hzo gene from all samples, while CL2 showed greater selectivity for WWTP samples. The recently reported primer sets of the hzsA gene resulted in high efficiencies in detecting anammox bacteria while nirS primer sets were more selective for specific samples. Results collectively indicate that the distribution of anammox bacteria is niche-specific within different ecosystems and primer specificity may cause biases on the diversity detected.This research project was supported in part by a Ph.D. studentship from The University of Hong Kong (PH), Research Grant Council GRF Project (Grant No. 701913) (J-DG), Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (Grant no. KQCX2015032416053646) (ML), Leaderman & Associates in Taipei (JGL), and additional financial support of Environmental Toxicology Education and Research Fund of this laboratory

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 (OsGPAT3) is required for anther development and male fertility in rice

Lipid molecules are key structural components of plant male reproductive organs, such as the anther and pollen. Although advances have been made in the understanding of acyl lipids in plant reproduction, the metabolic pathways of other lipid compounds, particularly glycerolipids, are not fully understood. Here we report that an endoplasmic reticulum-localized enzyme, Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase 3 (OsGPAT3), plays an indispensable role in anther development and pollen formation in rice. OsGPAT3 is preferentially expressed in the tapetum and microspores of the anther. Compared with wild-type plants, the osgpat3 mutant displays smaller, pale yellow anthers with defective anther cuticle, degenerated pollen with defective exine, and abnormal tapetum development and degeneration. Anthers of the osgpat3 mutant have dramatic reductions of all aliphatic lipid contents. The defective cuticle and pollen phenotype coincide well with the down-regulation of sets of genes involved in lipid metabolism and regulation of anther development. Taking these findings together, this work reveals the indispensable role of a monocot-specific glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase in male reproduction in rice.Xiao Men, Jianxin Shi, Wanqi Liang, Qianfei Zhang, Gaibin Lian, Sheng Quan, Lu Zhu, Zhijing Luo, Mingjiao Chen, Dabing Zhan

On metric-connection compatibility and the signature change of space-time

We discuss and investigate the problem of existence of metric-compatible linear connections for a given space-time metric which is, generally, assumed to be semi-pseudo-Riemannian. We prove that under sufficiently general conditions such connections exist iff the rank and signature of the metric are constant. On this base we analyze possible changes of the space-time signature.Comment: 18 standard LaTeX 2e pages. The packages AMS-LaTeX and amsfonts are require