Análise do mercado do abacaxi Gold e Perolera em dois principais centrais maioristas da Colômbia

In this work the behavior of the price of two varieties of pineapple Gold and wholesalers Perolera two plants in Colombia is analyzed. The techniques used were the cointegration and Granger causality test, for which prices were taken pineapple, in the period 2006-2011 of wholesale markets Corabastos (in the case of Bogotá) and the Central Wholesale Itagui (for Medellin). The theoretical framework was the law of one price. The work proved that there is market integration in the process of price formation. The results allow us to see that there is independence between the prices of the two markets. Cointegration tests indicate that the series are cointegrated itself, so that in the absence of external shocks, the series converge in the long term. We conclude that, although there is no causal link between the markets, these are themselves integrated in the long run, evidencing a fulfillment of the law of one price. The study does not include an analysis of the distances between production areas and consumption centers to consider the effect of transport costs when setting the price. Future research could consider such variables as quality and consumer preferences.En este trabajo se analizó el comportamiento del precio de dos variedades de piña Gold y Perolera en dos centrales mayoristas en Colombia. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la de cointegración y la prueba de causalidad de Granger, para lo cual se tomaron los precios de la piña, en el periodo 2006-2011 de los mercados mayoristas de Corabastos (para el caso de Bogotá) y la Central Mayorista de Itagüí (para Medellín). El marco teórico fue la ley de precio único. El trabajo probó que existe integración de los mercados en el proceso de formación de precios. Los resultados permiten ver que existe independencia entre los precios de los dos mercados. Las pruebas de cointegración indican que las series sí están cointegradas, por lo que, en ausencia de choques externos, las series en el largo plazo convergen. Se concluye que, a pesar de que no existe causalidad entre los mercados, estos sí están integrados en el largo plazo, lo que evidencia un cumplimiento de la ley de precio único. El estudio no incluyó un análisis de las distancias entre las zonas de producción y los centros de consumo para considerar el efecto del costo del transporte al momento de fijar el precio. Una futura investigación podría considerar estas variables al igual que la calidad y las preferencias de los consumidores.Em este trabalho se analisou o comportamento do preço de duas variedades de abacaxi Gold e Perolera em duas centrais maioristas na Colômbia. As técnicas utilizadas foram a de cointegração e o teste de causalidade de Granger, para o qual se tomaram os preços do abacaxi, no período 2006-2011 dos mercados maioristas de Corabastos (para o caso de Bogotá) e a Central Maiorista de Itagüí (para Medellín). O marco teórico foi a lei de preço único. O trabalho provou que existe integração dos mercados no processo de formação de preços. Os resultados permitem ver que existe independencia entre os preços dos dois mercados. Os testes de cointegração indicam que as séries estão cointegradas sim, pelo que, na ausência de choques externos, as séries no longo prazo convergem. Conclui-se que, a pesar de que não existe causalidade entre os mercados, estes estão integrados sim no longo prazo, o que evidencia um cumprimento da lei de preço único. O estudo não incluiu uma análise das distâncias entre as zonas de produção e os centros de consumo para considerar o efeito do custo do transporte ao momento de fixar o preço. Una futura pesquisa poderia considerar estas variáveis ao igual que a qualidade e as preferências dos consumidores. 

Análisis del mercado de piña Gold y Perolera en dos principales centrales mayoristas de Colombia

En este trabajo se analizó el comportamiento del precio de dos variedades de piña Gold y Perolera en dos centrales mayoristas en Colombia. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la de cointegración y la prueba de causalidad de Granger, para lo cual se tomaron los precios de la piña, en el periodo 2006-2011 de los mercados mayoristas de Corabastos (para el caso de Bogotá) y la Central Mayorista de Itagüí (para Medellín). El marco teórico fue la ley de precio único. El trabajo probó que existe integración de los mercados en el proceso de formación de precios. Los resultados permiten ver que existe independencia entre los precios de los dos mercados. Las pruebas de cointegración indican que las series sí están cointegradas, por lo que, en ausencia de choques externos, las series en el largo plazo convergen. Se concluye que, a pesar de que no existe causalidad entre los mercados, estos sí están integrados en el largo plazo, lo que evidencia un cumplimiento de la ley de precio único. El estudio no incluyó un análisis de las distancias entre las zonas de producción y los centros de consumo para considerar el efecto del costo del transporte al momento de fijar el precio. Una futura investigación podría considerar estas variables al igual que la calidad y las preferencias de los consumidores

The effects of EU corn, cotton, and sugar beet policies on Greek producers: a multimarket analysis

This article examines the welfare effects of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) corn, cotton, and sugar beet regimes practiced in Greece after its 1981 entry into the European Union. Since Greek farmers produce corn, cotton, and sugar beets on the same land in different years, we model these markets as horizontally linked. By incorporating the demand for corn in our model, we take into account that corn is used as feed in livestock production. We use line integral theory to properly deal with the complications of welfare measurement in a multimarket setting. We estimate producer welfare effects of Greek corn, cotton, and sugar beet policy, and use bootstrapping techniques to obtain confidence intervals for the welfare measurements. Our analysis indicates that the income transfers to Greek farmers, (corn, cotton, and sugar beet growers as well as livestock producers considered as a total), rose between 1981 and 1992. The 1992 CAP reform led to a stabilization of income transfers to crop farmers, and lessened the negative impact on livestock producers. Copyright 2005 International Association of Agricultural Economics.

Non-parametric Modelling of Spatial Price Relationships

We apply non-parametric methods to a consideration of price transmission processes within US egg markets at the turn of the nineteenth century. Gordon (National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 7833, 2000) labelled this as an era of 'Great Inventions' which contributed to the subsequent years of significant productivity growth and noted that the development of mechanical refrigeration and transportation technologies played an important role in this growth. Our models present certain advantages relative to parametric models traditionally employed in price transmission analyses. We compare results derived from local polynomial modelling with those obtained using non-linear threshold models. Both techniques suggest that US egg markets were interrelated at the turn of the nineteenth century. However, non-parametric techniques often suggest a higher degree of price transmission than that implied by threshold models. Results also suggest that threshold models may have difficulties in adequately capturing price relationship dynamics, especially when these are of a highly nonlinear nature. Copyright 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.