1,188 research outputs found
The analgesic effects of anti-inflammatory drugs from the point of view of different pharmacological test methods
1. The forms of irritation causing inflammation and pain are reviewed, with reference to the significance of histamine, serotonin and bradykinin and in particular to the interrelationship between inflammation and pain. 2. The various types of experimental pain are reviewed and mention is made of the human and animal analgesia test methods derived from them. 3. More detailed descriptions are given of the analgesia test methods used by us, namely:
a) Silver nitrate gonarthritis-pain, rat, in which both strong and weak analgesics with an anti-inflammatory action are effective. b) Phenylquinone-induced abdominal pain, mouse, in which all the analgesics and anti inflammatory agents mentioned in this article are effective in a greater or lesser degree. c) Tail-flick and hot-plate tests, mouse, in which the strong analgesics, the weaker analgesics and the anti-inflammatory agents, with the exception of the salicylates, are effective. d) Dental-pain test, guinea pig, which can be used to demonstrate the activity of the various analgesics, including the salicylates and also colchicine, which is not active in any other test. e) Pressure-pain, mouse, in which only the strong analgesics (narcotics) are effective.
4. The action of a large number of analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents and related drugs in the various analgesia-tests and in acute experimental inflammation is presented in tabular form. 5. It is concluded that the use of several pain and inflammation tests is essential for screening both analgesics for special indications (severe, mild pain, pain due to inflammation, etc.) and universal pain-killing drugs.</p
Feasibility study of an internal pair formation spectrometer for neutron capture spectroscopy
CTA and cosmic-ray diffusion in molecular clouds
Molecular clouds act as primary targets for cosmic-ray interactions and are
expected to shine in gamma-rays as a by-product of these interactions. Indeed
several detected gamma-ray sources both in HE and VHE gamma-rays (HE: 100 MeV <
E 100 GeV) have been directly or indirectly associated with
molecular clouds. Information on the local diffusion coefficient and the local
cosmic-ray population can be deduced from the observed gamma-ray signals. In
this work we concentrate on the capability of the forthcoming Cherenkov
Telescope Array Observatory (CTA) to provide such measurements. We investigate
the expected emission from clouds hosting an accelerator, exploring the
parameter space for different modes of acceleration, age of the source, cloud
density profile, and cosmic ray diffusion coefficient. We present some of the
most interesting cases for CTA regarding this science topic. The simulated
gamma-ray fluxes depend strongly on the input parameters. In some cases, from
CTA data it will be possible to constrain both the properties of the
accelerator and the propagation mode of cosmic rays in the cloud.Comment: In Proceedings of the 2012 Heidelberg Symposium on High Energy
Gamma-Ray Astronomy. All CTA contributions at arXiv:1211.184
Integrated music and math projects in secondary education
The introduction of projects involving music and mathematics in
Secondary Education should allow the integration of these disciplines by nonspecialists.
In the present work we describe an experience carried out with future
mathematics teachers with solid scientific-technical training, but little musical
training. This pilot contributes with concrete orientations and results para the
creation and development of STEAM activities, which can be found in [5].This research work has been carried out within the framework of the project EDU2017-84979-R, of the Spanish State Program of R&D and Innovation Oriented to the Challenges of the Society
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Π° Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²
Two-dimensional Photonic Crystals Fabricated by Nanoimprint Lithography
We report on the process parameters of nanoimprint lithography (NIL) for the fabrication of two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystals. The nickel mould with 2-D photonic crystal patterns covering the area up to 20mmΒ² is produced by electron-beam lithography (EBL) and electroplating. Periodic pillars as high as 200nm to 250nm are produced on the mould with the diameters ranging from 180nm to 400nm. The mould is employed for nanoimprinting on the poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) layer spin-coated on the silicon substrate. Periodic air holes are formed in PMMA above its glass-transition temperature and the patterns on the mould are well transferred. This nanometer-size structure provided by NIL is subjective to further pattern transfer.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA
- β¦