1,887 research outputs found
Belief Elicitation: A Horse Race among Truth Serums
In survey studies, probabilistic expectations about uncertain events are typically elicited by asking respondents for their introspective beliefs. If more complex procedures are feasible, beliefs can be elicited by incentive compatible revealed preference mechanisms (âtruth serumsâ). Various mechanisms have been proposed in the literature, which differ in the degree to which they account for respondentsâ deviations from expected value maximization. In this paper, we pit non-incentivized introspection against five truth serums, to elicit beliefs in a simple two-player game. We test the internal validity (additivity and predictive power for own behavior), and the external validity (predictive power for other playersâ behavior, or accuracy) of each method. We find no differences among the truth serums. Beliefs from incentivized methods are better predictors of subjectsâ own behavior compared to introspection. However, introspection performs equally well as the truth serums in terms of accuracy and additivity.belief measurement;subjective probability;scoring rules;outcome matching;probability matching;internal validity;external validity
Bremsstrahlung Pair Production In Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision
We calculate production of electron- and muon-pairs by the bremsstrahlung
process in hadron collisions and compare it with the dominant two-photon
process. Results for the total cross section are given for proton-proton and
heavy-ion collisions at energies of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)
and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).Comment: 6 pages, Latex, 9 figures using epsf-style. Accepted for publication
in Z. Phys.
Electron-positron pair production in the external electromagnetic field of colliding relativistic heavy ions
The results concerning the production in peripheral highly
relativistic heavy-ion collisions presented in a recent paper by Baltz {\em{et
al.}} are rederived in a very straightforward manner. It is shown that the
solution of the Dirac equation directly leads to the multiplicity, i.e. to the
total number of electron-positron pairs produced by the electromagnetic field
of the ions, whereas the calculation of the single pair production probability
is much more involved. A critical observation concerns the unsolved problem of
seemingly absent Coulomb corrections (Bethe-Maximon corrections) in pair
production cross sections. It is shown that neither the inclusion of the
vacuum-vacuum amplitude nor the correct interpretation of the solution of the
Dirac equation concerning the pair multiplicity is able the explain (from a
fundamental point of view) the absence of Coulomb corrections. Therefore the
contradiction has to be accounted to the treatment of the high energy limit.Comment: 6 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses svjour.cls/svepj.cl
An Experimental Test of Precautionary Bidding
Auctions often involve goods exhibiting a common knowledge ex-post risk that is independent of buyersâ private values or their signals regarding common value components. Esö and White (2004) showed theoretically that ex-post risk leads to precautionary bidding for DARA bidders: Agents reduce their bids by more than their appropriate risk premium. Testing precautionary bidding with data from the field seems almost impossible. We conduct experimental first-price auctions that allow us to directly identify the precautionary premium and find clear evidence for precautionary bidding. Bidders are significantly better off when a risky object rather than an equally valued sure object is auctioned. Our results are robust if we control for potentially confounding decision biases
Tempus Fugit: Time Pressure in Risky Decisions
We study the effects of time pressure on risky decisions for pure gain prospects, pure loss prospects, and mixed prospects involving both gains and losses. In an experiment we find that risk aversion for gains is robust under time pressure whereas risk seeking for losses turns into risk aversion under time pressure. For mixed prospects, subjects become more loss averse and more gain seeking under time pressure, depending on the framing of the prospects. The results suggest the importance of aspiration levels under time pressure. We discuss the implications of our findings for decision making situations that involve time pressure
Tempus Fugit: Time Pressure in Risky Decisions
We study the effects of time pressure on risky decisions for pure gain prospects, pure loss prospects, and mixed prospects involving both gains and losses. In an experiment we find that risk aversion for gains is robust under time pressure whereas risk seeking for losses turns into risk aversion under time pressure. For mixed prospects, subjects become more loss averse and more gain seeking under time pressure, depending on the framing of the prospects. The results suggest the importance of aspiration levels under time pressure. We discuss the implications of our findings for decision making situations that involve time pressure.time pressure; risky decisions; risk aversion; loss aversion; gain seeking; aspiration level
An Experimental Test of Precautionary Bidding
Auctions often involve goods exhibiting a common knowledge ex-post risk that is independent of buyersâ private values or their signals regarding common value components. Esö and White (2004) showed theoretically that ex-post risk leads to precautionary bidding for DARA bidders: Agents reduce their bids by more than their appropriate risk premium. Testing precautionary bidding with data from the field seems almost impossible. We conduct experimental first-price auctions that allow us to directly identify the precautionary premium and find clear evidence for precautionary bidding. Bidders are significantly better off when a risky object rather than an equally valued sure object is auctioned. Our results are robust if we control for potentially confounding decision biases.precautionary bidding; prudence; auction; experiment
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