Influence of Occupants’ Space and Appliance Use Patterns and Behaviour during the Discomfort on Electricity Consumption in Mixed Mode Residences

Building characteristics, climate, socio-economic characteristics, and occupant behaviour influence the electricity consumption in buildings. In residential buildings, where people spend a lot of time and have high perceived control over their surroundings, electricity consumption for thermal comfort constitutes a higher proportion of overall energy consumption. Previous research studies mainly focused on the impact of building and household characteristics on electricity consumption in residences. In the Indian context, electricity usage in residential buildings may depend on lifestyle, family composition, daily routines and activity patterns, and consumption habits. In India, the space usage and sharing pattern of internal spaces depend on family composition and the number of rooms. In India, the usage of household appliances has been steadily increasing. During discomfort hours in humid conditions, people use fans with windows in the open position, switch on the air-conditioner or use the fan and air-conditioner together to attain thermal comfort. Therefore, the study aims to assess the impact of family composition, occupants' space and appliance use patterns and behaviour during the thermal discomfort on electricity consumption in Indian residential buildings. Information on the number of occupants, children, and elders; space usage at different hours of the day by the occupants; use of fans, air-conditioners, and other electrical appliances; and frequency and hours of opening of windows were collected through a questionnaire survey from 144 residences. Electricity consumption data for all 144 residences were collected from the utility bills. The variables influencing annual mean electricity consumption per unit area of residential buildings include the number of elders present, age of children, hours of air-conditioner use, space usage pattern, and occupants' behaviour during the discomfort

Excited State Charge Separation in Solution and in Electropolymerized Films of Terthiophene-Fullerene Dyad and Phenothiazine-Terthiophene-Fullerene Triad

This article reports synthesis, X-ray structure and excited state events occurring in a terthiophene-C₆₀ dyad (TT-C₆₀), and a phenothiazine-terthiophene-C₆₀ triad (PTZ-TT-C₆₀)

Development of a RAD-Seq Based DNA Polymorphism Identification Software, AgroMarker Finder, and Its Application in Rice Marker-Assisted Breeding

Abstract Rapid and accurate genome-wide marker detection is essential to the marker-assisted breeding and functional genomics studies. In this work, we developed an integrated software, AgroMarker Finder (AMF: http://erp.novelbio.com/AMF), for providing graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate the recently developed restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing data analysis in rice. By application of AMF, a total of 90,743 high-quality markers (82,878 SNPs and 7,865 InDels) were detected between rice varieties JP69 and Jiaoyuan5A. The density of the identified markers is 0.2 per Kb for SNP markers, and 0.02 per Kb for InDel markers. Sequencing validation revealed that the accuracy of genome-wide marker detection by AMF is 93%. In addition, a validated subset of 82 SNPs and 31 InDels were found to be closely linked to 117 important agronomic trait genes, providing a basis for subsequent marker-assisted selection (MAS) and variety identification. Furthermore, we selected 12 markers from 31 validated InDel markers to identify seed authenticity of variety Jiaoyuanyou69, and we also identified 10 markers closely linked to the fragrant gene BADH2 to minimize linkage drag for Wuxiang075 (BADH2 donor)/Jiachang1 recombinants selection. Therefore, this software provides an efficient approach for marker identification from RAD-seq data, and it would be a valuable tool for plant MAS and variety protection

Thin Layer Chromatographic Behaviour of Dithiocarbamates of Arsenic(III), Antimony (III) & Bismuth(III)

311-31

Thin Layer Chromatographic Behaviour of Dithiocarbamates of Zinc(II), Cadmi um(II) & Mercury(II)

402-40

Thin Layer Chromatographic Behaviour of Piperidinel-carbodithioates of Nickel(II), Copper(II), Zinc(II), Cobalt(III), Chromium(III), Manganese(III) & Iron(III)

399-40

Chromium(III) Dithiocarbamates-A Thin Layer Chromatographic Study & Characterisation of Some New Binuclear Mixed Ligand Dithiocarbarnates

1058-106

Synthesis, Characterisation, Extraction & Spectrophotometric Estimation of Vanadium(IV) Dibenzyldithiocarbamate

45

Computer Aided Modular Geometric Modeling,to Study the Perception of Safety – Natural Surveillance for Perceived Personal Security

Natural surveillance is one key factor proposed, in the approach to decrease fear of crime. Building fenestrations and outdoor spaces like terrace, balconies and verandas that extend the interior spaces and the indoor activities, beyond the closed external shell of the buildings, are proposed by CPTED, in their place specific policy guidelines, to help design out fear and crime. In this background, this study on natural surveillance opportunities, explores typological variations of these component outdoor spaces of buildings, in line with variations in size and location. The affordances considered for this study specifically focus on the ways in which these spaces structure the visual fields for the external observer. This paper thus reports the survey of visual preferences exploring the spatial affordances of building spaces and their association with fear of crime