Surgical conditions and requested procedures for ruminants and small animals handled at the College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture clinic, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia: A retrospective study 1999-2007

The surgical conditions and requested procedures encountered in ruminants and small animals were surveyed using the available clinical records of the veterinary clinic of the college and personal record book from December 1999 to December 2007 in order to document and compare their prevalence’s. Of the total 689 surgical conditions and requested procedures cattle, sheep, goat, dog and cat, accounted for 368 (53.48%), 148 (21.51%), 16 (2.32%), 133 (19.33%), and 23 (3.34%), respectively. The distribution of the surgical cases based on sex indicated that male cases predominate in cattle 278 (75.54%) and sheep 86 (58.10%). On the other hand, in dogs, cats and goats female cases predominate with 78 (58.64%), 16 (69.56%) and 10 (62.5%), respectively. The frequent surgical condition of male cattle according to their frequency of occurrence were abscess 64 (23.02%), wound 53 (19.06%), urethral obstruction 45 (16.18%), horn fracture 40 (14.38%) and penile and/preputial injuries 34 (12.23%). In female cattle, the common surgical conditions were wound 25 (27.77%), local abscess 17 (18.88 %), horn fracture 12 (13.33%) and hoof overgrowth 12 (13.33%). In male sheep urethral obstruction accounted for 28 (32.55%) of the cases followed by penile and or preputial injuries 15 (17.4430), wound 13 (15.11%) and traumatic hernia 10 (10.41%). Cases of dystocia were recorded in 33 (20.12%) and 5 (50%) of the female sheep and goats, respectively. The common reasons for male dog to be brought to the clinic were for sterilization 12 (21.81%), wound treatment 10 (18.18%) and aural hematoma 8 (14.54%). On the other hand, request for sterilization 45 (57.69%) and difficulty of parturition 16 (20.51%) were common reason for bitch to be brought to the clinic. The two main reasons for female cats to be presented to the clinic were difficulty of parturition 10 (62.5%) and request for sterilization 5 (31.25%). A concise description of intervention procedures is provided on the two common surgical problems of cattle (wound, urethral obstruction) and sheep (urethral obstruction).Keywords: Abscess, dystocia, surgical conditions, urethral obstruction, Veterinary Teaching Clini

Study on synthesizing Mg/Al layered double hydroxides at different pHs

Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) was successfully synthesized at different pHs values. The Mg/AL LDH was well characterized by X-Ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The morphology of the LDH was observed using Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The influence of pH values on the morphology of the Mg/Al LDHs were studied. The result showed that the well-synthesized Mg/Al LDHs could be obtained when the pH value was about 10.0 at room temperature.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.5564/mjc.v15i0.319 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 15 (41), 2014, p36-3

NASA Planetary Mission Concept Study: Assessing: Dwarf Planet Ceres' past and Present Habitability Potential

The Dawn mission revolutionized our understanding of Ceres during the same decade that has also witnessed the rise of ocean worlds as a research and exploration focus. We will report progress on the Planetary Mission Concept Study (PMCS) on the future exploration of Ceres under the New Frontiers or Flagship program that was selected for NASA funding in October 2019. At the time this writing, the study was just kicked off, hence this abstract reports the study plan as presented in the proposal

Cryovolcanic rates on Ceres revealed by topography

Cryovolcanism, defined here as the extrusion of icy material from depth, may be an important planetary phenomenon in shaping the surfaces of many worlds in the outer Solar System and revealing their thermal histories. However, the physics, chemistry and ubiquity of this geologic process remain poorly understood, especially in comparison to the better-studied silicate volcanism on the terrestrial planets. Ceres is the only plausibly cryovolcanic world to be orbited by a spacecraft up to now, making it the best opportunity to test the importance of cryovolcanism on bodies in the outer Solar System and compare its effects to silicate volcanism on terrestrial planets. Here, we analyse images from NASA’s Dawn mission and use the finite element method to show that Ceres has experienced cryovolcanism throughout its geologic history, with an average cryomagma extrusion rate of ~10^4 m^3 yr^(−1). This result shows that volcanic phenomena are important on Ceres, but orders of magnitude less so than on the terrestrial planets

Summary of the Results from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter after Seven Years in Lunar Orbit

In June 2009 the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft was launched to the Moon. The payload consists of 7 science instruments selected to characterize sites for future robotic and human missions. Among them, the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) was designed to obtain altimetry, surface roughness, and reflectance measurements. The primary phase of lunar exploration lasted one year, following a 3-month commissioning phase. On completion of its exploration objectives, the LRO mission transitioned to a science mission. After 7 years in lunar orbit, the LOLA instrument continues to map the lunar surface. The LOLA dataset is one of the foundational datasets acquired by the various LRO instruments. LOLA provided a high-accuracy global geodetic reference frame to which past, present and future lunar observations can be referenced. It also obtained high-resolution and accurate global topography that were used to determine regions in permanent shadow at the lunar poles. LOLA further contributed to the study of polar volatiles through its unique measurement of surface brightness at zero phase, which revealed anomalies in several polar craters that may indicate the presence of water ice. In this paper, we describe the many LOLA accomplishments to date and its contribution to lunar and planetary science

Science Opportunities offered by Mercury's Ice-Bearing Polar Deposits

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