The Development Of Wave Power: A Techno-Economic Study

A study of the development of wave power was undertaken by the National Engineering Laboratory for the Department of Energy and was presented in a two-part report (Summary and Full Report) dated February 1975. Because of the interest generated in the development of wave power it was decided to make the NEL contribution generally available in this report which presents in one document the bulk of the material in the two-part report. The text has not been revised to take account of developments which have taken place since February 1975 and it should be emphasised that this report represents the status and NEL's thinking on wave power at that time. Some footnotes have been added to indicate where new information is in conflict with that in the report. No attempt has been made to take account of all new information in this way

Youth-to-Senior Transition in Elite European Club Soccer

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 1192-1203, 2021. The priority for soccer academies is to develop youth players that graduate and transfer directly to their senior squads. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of this direct youth-to-senior pathway by examining the extent to which club-trained players (CTPs) are currently involved in elite male European soccer. Relevant demographic longitudinal studies between 2009 and 2020 conducted by the International Centre for Sports Studies Football Observatory were analysed. The main findings were that the proportion of CTPs in senior squads has decreased from 23% to 17% over this time period, while the proportion of expatriates (EXPs) has increased from 35% to 42%. Moreover, clubs resorted more frequently to making new signings (NS, i.e. association-trained players (ATPs) and/or EXPs), with squad proportion increasing from 37% to 44%, while only launching one debutant (DBT, i.e. CTP with no previous senior experience) on average per season. Similar trends are observed in the evolution of playing time: while the fielding of CTPs remained constant (15%), EXPs and NS are fielded increasingly more (49% and 36%, respectively), despite a positive relationship between CTP match fielding and league ranking, with a Spearman Rank correlation r = 0.712 (95% confidence interval [0.381-0.881]), p \u3c 0.01. In conclusion, young talents are still provided opportunities; however, these are limited and increasingly less frequent at their parent clubs. This potentially suggests a dysfunctional direct youth-to-senior development pathway

Old ways and new means: Indigenous accountings during and beyond the pandemic

Purpose: The study uses the case of an online-mediated barter economy that proliferated during theCOVID-19 crisis to highlight Indigenous notions of barter, trade and exchange.Design/methodology/approach: A netnographic approach was employed which involved collecting onlineposts and comments which were stored and analysed in NVivo. This was supplemented with field notes andreflections from authors with an intimate knowledge of the context. These were analysed thematically. Theoverall methodology is inspired by decolonising methodologies that seek to restore the agency of IndigenousPeoples in research towards self-determination.Findings: Findings suggest that during and beyond the crisis, social media (a new means) is being used tofacilitate barter and determinations of/accounting for value within. This is being done through constantappeals to, and adaptation of, tradition (old ways). Indigenous accounting is therefore best understood as sothrough Indigenous accountability values and practices.Originality/value: This paper propose a re-orientation of accounting for barter research that incorporatesrecent debates between the disciplines of economics and anthropology on the nature of barter, debt andexchange. The authors also propose a re-imagining of accounting and accountability relations based onIndigenous values within an emerging online barter system in Fiji during COVID-19 as “old ways and newmeans” to privilege Indigenous agency and overcome excessive essentialism

Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram's round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species

Previous work on Bartram's round-winged katydid, Amblycorypha bartrami Walker, found inconsistencies in song variation across the species' range. Individuals of purported populations of A. bartrami from sandhills across the southeastern US were collected, recorded, and their genes were sequenced to better understand their population structure and evolution. Significant differences in songs, morphology, and genetics were found among populations from Alabama (AL), Georgia (GA), North Carolina (NC), and South Carolina (SC), and they differed from those of individuals collected from the type locality in Florida (FL). Males from all populations produced songs composed of a series of similar syllables, but they differed in the rates at which syllables were produced as a function of temperature. At temperatures of 25°C, the calling songs of males from populations in northern AL and GA were found to have the highest syllable rates, those from SC had the lowest rates, and those from NC were found to produce songs with doublet syllables at rates that were intermediate between those of males from FL and those of AL and GA. These song differences formed the basis for cluster analyses and principal component analyses, which showed significant clustering and differences in song spectra and morphology among the song morphs. A Bayesian multi-locus, multi-species coalescent analysis found significant divergences from a panmictic population for the song morphs. Populations from GA and AL are closely related to those of A. bartrami in FL, whereas populations from NC and SC are closely related to each other and differ from the other three. Large river systems may have been important in isolating these populations of flightless katydids. Based on the results of our analyses of songs, morphology, and genetics, three new species of round-winged katydids from the southeastern coastal plain and piedmont are described

Indigenous practices of accounting on the ground: a Bourdieusian perspective

Purpose: This study explores accounting practice in an Indigenous organization. This organization is embedded within a rural Aboriginal community in the country currently known as Australia. In doing so, this study illustrates the intertwining of accounting practice, practitioners, organizations and social/cultural context, while recognizing that the cultural embeddedness of accounting is not uniform. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical materials were collected as part of a qualitative field study with an Indigenous organization. Specific methods include interviews, informal conversations, documentary reviews and participant observations. These materials were analysed through a Bourdieusian perspective. Findings: By working with Indigenous Peoples on the ground, rather than relying on secondary materials, this study highlights how the values of a community challenge and reorient accounting practice towards community aspirations. This study illustrates how fields beyond the organization influence accounting practice, including in budgeting and assurance. Originality/value: Exploring Indigenous practices of accounting maintains Indigenous agency and opens up space for alternative understandings and practices of accounting. By illustrating how a community can influence the accounting practice of an organization, this study has implications for wider understandings of the cultural embeddedness of mainstream accounting and possible alternatives

Flow visualisation experiments on sports balls

AbstractFluid dynamics plays a significant role in many sports, principally affecting the trajectory of the associated ball. Boundary layer theory can be used to explain why some of these effects take place, demonstrated here for the games of cricket and golf.The asymmetric nature of a cricket ball, due to the presence of a seam, causes the boundary layer to be tripped into turbulence on one side. On the other hemisphere, the smooth surface promotes laminar flow which separates at a smaller angle relative to the stagnation point. This results in a net pressure force and lateral movement known as swing. In golf inverted dimples are applied to the ball to reduce drag by promoting transition to turbulent flow, this in turn increases the maximum achievable range.In this study, scaled versions of a smooth sphere, a cricket ball and a golf ball were used to perform wind tunnel experiments in which these fluid dynamic effects were demonstrated. A novel infrared flow visualisation technique, in conjunction with measurements of pressure, highlighted the fluid mechanics at the representative conditions found in each sport. The results underlined the dependence on surface roughness, and provided qualitative visual evidence of the state of the boundary layer at a Reynolds number of 1 x 105

Anthrax Toxin Receptor 2 Determinants that Dictate the pH Threshold of Toxin Pore Formation

The anthrax toxin receptors, ANTXR1 and ANTXR2, act as molecular clamps to prevent the protective antigen (PA) toxin subunit from forming pores until exposure to low pH. PA forms pores at pH ∼6.0 or below when it is bound to ANTXR1, but only at pH ∼5.0 or below when it is bound to ANTXR2. Here, structure-based mutagenesis was used to identify non-conserved ANTXR2 residues responsible for this striking 1.0 pH unit difference in pH threshold. Residues conserved between ANTXR2 and ANTXR1 that influence the ANTXR2-associated pH threshold of pore formation were also identified. All of these residues contact either PA domain 2 or the neighboring edge of PA domain 4. These results provide genetic evidence for receptor release of these regions of PA as being necessary for the protein rearrangements that accompany anthrax toxin pore formation

Anthrax Toxin Receptor 2 Determinants that Dictate the pH Threshold of Toxin Pore Formation

The anthrax toxin receptors, ANTXR1 and ANTXR2, act as molecular clamps to prevent the protective antigen (PA) toxin subunit from forming pores until exposure to low pH. PA forms pores at pH ∼6.0 or below when it is bound to ANTXR1, but only at pH ∼5.0 or below when it is bound to ANTXR2. Here, structure-based mutagenesis was used to identify non-conserved ANTXR2 residues responsible for this striking 1.0 pH unit difference in pH threshold. Residues conserved between ANTXR2 and ANTXR1 that influence the ANTXR2-associated pH threshold of pore formation were also identified. All of these residues contact either PA domain 2 or the neighboring edge of PA domain 4. These results provide genetic evidence for receptor release of these regions of PA as being necessary for the protein rearrangements that accompany anthrax toxin pore formation