An exploratory study of the vortex sheets shed from the leading edges of slender wings

Analysis of vortex sheets shed from leading edges of slender wing

A nonlinear transformation of the dispersive long wave equations in (2+1) dimensions and its applications

A nonlinear transformation of the dispersive long wave equations in (2+1) dimensions is derived by using the homogeneous balance method. With the aid of the transformation given here, exact solutions of the equations are obtained

New data from borehole strainmeters to infer lava fountain sources (Etna 2011-2012)

In January 2011 eruptive activity resumed at Etna producing a new phase with frequent lava fountain episodes until April 2012. In November 2011, the first two borehole strainmeters were installed, which detected negative strain changes (~ 0.15 - 0.8 strain) during the paroxysmal events. A Finite Element Model was set up to estimate accurately the tilt and volumetric strain, taking into account the real profile of the volcano and the elastic medium heterogeneity. The numerical computations indicated an elongated depressurizing source located at 0 km b.s.l., which underwent a volume change of ~2 x 106 m3 which is the most of the magma volume erupted while a smaller remaining part is accommodated by the magma compressibility. This shallow source cannot accumulate large magma volumes and, thus, favours short term periodic eruptive events with a fairly constant balance between the refilling and the erupted magma

Theoretical and experimental study of the elastic behavior of the human brachial and other human and canine arteries

Elastic behavior of human brachial and other human and canine arteries analyzed by nonlinear membrane theor

Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy on the novel superconductor CaC6

We present scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of the newly discovered superconductor CaC$_6$. The tunneling conductance spectra, measured between 3 K and 15 K, show a clear superconducting gap in the quasiparticle density of states. The gap function extracted from the spectra is in good agreement with the conventional BCS theory with $\Delta(0)$ = 1.6 $\pm$ 0.2 meV. The possibility of gap anisotropy and two-gap superconductivity is also discussed. In a magnetic field, direct imaging of the vortices allows to deduce a coherence length in the ab plane $\xi_{ab}\simeq$ 33 nm

\u27Traffic-light\u27 nutrition labelling and \u27junk-food\u27 tax : a modelled comparison of cost-effectiveness for obesity prevention

Introduction: Cost-effectiveness analyses are important tools in efforts to prioritise interventions for obesity prevention.Modelling facilitates evaluation of multiple scenarios with varying assumptions. This study compares the cost-effectiveness ofconservative scenarios for two commonly proposed policy-based interventions: front-of-pack &lsquo;traffic-light&rsquo; nutrition labelling(traffic-light labelling) and a tax on unhealthy foods (&lsquo;junk-food&rsquo; tax).Methods: For traffic-light labelling, estimates of changes in energy intake were based on an assumed 10% shift in consumptiontowards healthier options in four food categories (breakfast cereals, pastries, sausages and preprepared meals) in 10% of adults. For the &lsquo;junk-food&rsquo; tax, price elasticities were used to estimate a change in energy intake in response to a 10% price increase in seven food categories (including soft drinks, confectionery and snack foods). Changes in population weight and body mass index by sex were then estimated based on these changes in population energy intake, along with subsequent impacts on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Associated resource use was measured and costed using pathway analysis, based on a health sector perspective (with some industry costs included). Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3%. The cost-effectiveness of each intervention was modelled for the 2003 Australian adult population.Results: Both interventions resulted in reduced mean weight (traffic-light labelling: 1.3 kg (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1.2;1.4); &lsquo;junk-food&rsquo; tax: 1.6 kg (95% UI: 1.5; 1.7)); and DALYs averted (traffic-light labelling: 45 100 (95% UI: 37 700; 60 100);&lsquo;junk-food&rsquo; tax: 559 000 (95% UI: 459 500; 676 000)). Cost outlays were AUD81 million (95% UI: 44.7; 108.0) for traffic-lightlabelling and AUD18 million (95% UI: 14.4; 21.6) for &lsquo;junk-food&rsquo; tax. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed both interventions were&lsquo;dominant&rsquo; (effective and cost-saving).Conclusion: Policy-based population-wide interventions such as traffic-light nutrition labelling and taxes on unhealthy foods arelikely to offer excellent &lsquo;value for money&rsquo; as obesity prevention measures.<br /