Diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis, association or co-incidence?

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) on clinical and diagnostic methods and radiological features of pulmonary TB, in comparison to non diabetic pulmonary TB patients, in Golestan province, Northeast of Iran. Methodology: In this retrospective cross-sectional study during 2004-2008, medical records of patients with definite diagnosis of pulmonary TB were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical & diagnostic method and radiological findings were studied. Radiological data and lung High Resolution computed tomographic scan (lung HRCT) were done by two different radiologists. After data entry into SPSS-16, Fischer's exact test and chi-square test were used to compare the two groups (TB with DM & without it). P-value 0.05). Multilobar cavities were significantly more reported in diabetics (p-value = 0.014). No statistical differences were seen between two groups radiologically. Conclusion: Tuberculosis could be more invasive in diabetic patients especially females hence they should be given more attention

Image reconstruction using iterative transpose algorithm for optical tomography

This paper describes a transpose algorithm for use with an optical tomography system. The measurement system consisted of two orthogonal arrays, each having ten parallel views, resulting in a total of twenty sensors. The measurement section is divided into hundred equi-sized pixels. The forward problem is modelled by allocating an optical attenuation coefficient to each pixel. The attenuation of incident collimated light beams is then modelled using the Lambert-Beer law. The inverse problem is defined and the transpose of the sensitivity matrix is used to obtain an estimate of the attenuation coefficients in each pixel. The iterative method is investigated as a means of improving reconstructed image qualit

Increasing the Accuracy of Electrical Power Measurement

Correlation of direct measurement errors of voltage and current is ignored and assumed to be zero in the measurement of electrical power signals. Therefore, the accuracy of power measurement is obtained less than the accuracy of direct measurements. In this regard, increasing the power measurement accuracy is an urgent task by taking into account correlation of direct measurement errors. A certain methodology is proposed in the paper taking into account the correlation of direct measurement errors, which increases the accuracy of the power signal measurement

Studying the factors affecting urban dispersion in mashhad metropolis

In recent decades, urban population in the world, especially in southern countries, hasexceeded rural population that has brought about urban land expansion followed bydispersion phenomenon, the result of which has created problems in environmental,economic, social, and physical aspects including increased air pollution, potentialdeterioration within the city, and destruction of farms and open spaces. The aim of thisstudy is to investigate the roots of dispersion in Mashhad metropolis in order to identifysolutions to control this problem. The tools used in this research were GIS software formapping, quantitative methods of Holdren Model, urban primacy index, and area topopulation growth rate for review and analysis, and at first by examining area topopulation growth rate, Mashhad- developmental process map, Holdren model, andgross population-density dispersion model of this city was shown.Then the roots of dispersion including market failure (checking the price of land), technology, natural population-growth process, and migration were analyzed. To study the dispersion in Mashhad metropolis, Holdren model was used, according to which only 34% of dispersion is population growth, and 66% of urban growth is related to horizontal growth. This is indicative of the dispersion in Mashhad metropolis, and the most important reasons are low price of housing in the suburb, ignoring social costs arising from it, increasing percentage of car ownership, gradual population growth inMashhad due to political priority, and the concentration of facilities in it that are thereason of increase in immigration to this metropolis. To deal with this phenomenondispersion, it is proposed that patterns of sustainable development such as  transportbased development and compact city are used.Key words: urban dispersion, technology, roots of Mashhad dispersion, the price ofland, immigratio

Success Probability of Multiple-Preamble Based Single-Attempt Random Access to Mobile Networks

In this letter, we analyse the trade-off between collision probability and code-ambiguity, when devices transmit a sequence of preambles as a codeword, instead of a single preamble, to reduce collision probability during random access to a mobile network. We point out that the network may not have sufficient resources to allocate to every possible codeword, and if it does, then this results in low utilisation of allocated uplink resources. We derive the optimal preamble set size that maximises the probability of success in a single attempt, for a given number of devices and uplink resources

Feature-Level Multi-focus Image Fusion using Neural Network and Image Enhancement

Image Processing applications have grown vastly in real world. Commonly due to limited depth of optical field lenses, it becomes inconceivable to obtain an image where all the objects are in focus. Image fusion deals with creating an image where all the objects are in focus. After image fusion, it plays an important role to perform other tasks of image processing such as image enhancement, image segmentation, and edge detection. This paper describes an application of Neural Network (NN), a novel feature-level multifocus image fusion technique has been implemented, which fuses multi-focus image using classification. The image is divided into blocks. The block feature vectors are fed to feed forward NN. The trained NN is then used to fuse any pair of multi-focus images. The implemented technique used in this paper is more efficient. The comparisons of the different existing approaches along with the implementing method by calculating different parameters like PSNR,RMSE

Hidrolisis Selulosadari Bahan Pod Husk Kakao Menggunakan Asam Klorida

The aims of this experiment were to obtain the best concentration of HCl and the optimum length of boiling time in producing liquid sugar from cacao pod husk. Analysis of data of extracted cellulose (Phase I) used completely randomized design (CRD), which consisted of 3 NaOH concentrations tested namely : 10%, 12% and 14%. Each treatment was replieated 4 times, and therefore there were 12 experimental units used. Analysis of variance showing significant or highly significant effects were subsequently analysed by HSD at 5% or 1%, respectively. Experimental design used in the hydrolysis of cellulose (Phase II) was randomized block design (RBD) with four levels of hydrochloric acid (HCl) tested, namely: K1 = 1%; K2 = 1.5%; K3 = 2% and K4 = 2.5%. Treatments were grouped based on the length of pod husk cellulose hydrolysis time in hydrochloric acid solution, namely R1 = 2 hours, R2 = 4 hours, R3 = 6 hours, R4 = 8 hours, R5 = 10 hours and R6 = 12 hours. Each treatment was replicated three times in each group, and therefore there were 72 experimental units observed. Analysis of variance showing significant or highly significant effects were subsequently analysed by HSD at 5% or 1%, respectively. The best NaOH concentration was obtained at 12% and the optimum length of boiling time was 8 hours

SYNTHESIS OF STAR POLY(4-VINYLPYRIDINE) ARCHITECTURE BY NITROXIDE MEDIATED POLYMERISATION

This study proposed multifunctional alkoxyamine 2-({tert-butyl [[1- (diethoxyphosphoryl)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]amino}oxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (MAMA-SG1) initiators for the ‘grafting-from’ method to obtain star architecture of poly 4-vinylpyridine (P4VP) from JEFFAMINE®. The structure of macroinitiator was confirmed by amide bond present in NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the macroinitiator was used to polymerise 4VP. P4VP from JEFFAMINE-SG1 shows a monomodal peak in the SEC chromatogram, indicating more control polymerisation process

Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Mie Antioksidan dari Pati Sagu dengan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah

The objective of this research was to figure out the physical and chemical characteristic of antioxidant noodle and sago starch with peels extract of red dragon fruit. The reseach design was used Completely Randomized Design with six treatment and triplicate in order to obtain 18 units of trials. The treatment that have been tried namely sago paste that mixed into sago starch that consist of six levels : 100 g; 110 g; 120 g; 130; 140 g dan 150 g. The observation variable that to done including water content, water holding capacity (WHC) and oil holding capacity (OHC), cooking loss and antioxidant content. The data were analysed with analysis of variance and continued with further test of honestly significance difference (HSD) 5%. The result of research shown that the water content tend to increase with the increased of sago starch. Cooking loss tend to increase with increased amount sago starch (110 to 150 g). The antioxidant properties of the noodles are best obtained in the treatment of sago starch 100 g

Pembuatan Minuman Instan Fungsional dari Bioaktif Pod Husk Kakao

This research consists of two stages in which the first stage aims to find out the weight of the best cocoa pod husk powder that can be produced instant cacao pod husk beverages. The results of the analysis of the antioxidant capacity levels of total phenol showed that the use of dried cocoa pod husk by ethanol solvent has the highest level of both total phenols and antioxidant capasity. The second phase activity aims to find out the levels of total phenols and antioxidant capacity of instant beverages from various extracts of cocoa pod husk. This study used a completely random design (CRD) with one factor which was consisting of four levels namely cocoa pod husk weight 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g. Maltodextrin 20 g and 10 g of sucrose was added to thicker the instant beverage. The analysis showed that the highest of total phenols and antioxidant capacity in the drink when used 20 g of cocoa pod husk. The best phenols and antioxidant capacity content was from 10 g cocoa pod husk extratraction thus this amount has to be used as standard to produce this instant drink