Advanced composite aileron for L-1011 transport aircraft: Aileron manufacture

The fabrication activities of the Advanced Composite Aileron (ACA) program are discussed. These activities included detail fabrication, manufacturing development, assembly, repair and quality assurance. Five ship sets of ailerons were manufactured. The detail fabrication effort of ribs, spar and covers was accomplished on male tools to a common cure cycle. Graphite epoxy tape and fabric and syntactic epoxy materials were utilized in the fabrication. The ribs and spar were net cured and required no post cure trim. Material inconsistencies resulted in manufacturing development of the front spar during the production effort. The assembly effort was accomplished in subassembly and assembly fixtures. The manual drilling system utilized a dagger type drill in a hydraulic feed control hand drill. Coupon testing for each detail was done

Advanced composite aileron for L-1011 transport aircraft, task 1

Structural design and maintainability criteria were established and used as a guideline for evaluating a variety of configurations and materials for each of the major subcomponents. From this array of subcomponent designs, several aileron assemblies were formulated and analyzed. The selected design is a multirib configuration with sheet skin covers mechanically fastened to channel section ribs and spars. Qualitative analysis of currently available composite material systems led to the selection of three candidate materials on which comparative structural tests were conducted to measure the effects of environment and impact damage on mechanical property retention. In addition, each system was evaluated for producibility characteristics. From these tests, Thornel 300/5208 unidirectional tape was selected for the front spar and covers, and Thornel 300 fabric/5208 was chosen for the ribs

Virtuous or vicious circles? Exploring the behavioural connections between developer contributions and path dependence: Evidence from England

How urban economies evolve has a rich literature. The impulse to discern longitudinal patterns of development can be seen in the body of work on path dependence. However, it has been noted that the drivers of path dependence are under-specified. In this paper we seek to make an association between real estate development in England and the longer term path dependence that has bequeathed an extremely geographically unequally pattern of economic development. In so doing we present empirical research from a major study of ‘developer contributions’ that associates behavioural aspects of the planning process through which developer contributions are determined and the creation of virtuous/vicious circles of development. It is our contention that these virtuous and vicious circles represent an important but under-researched aspect of the highly varied path dependencies observed in settings such as England that we describe here as poverty and affluence traps

Geological setting and petrochemistry of early Middle Devonian volcanic and gabbroic rocks in the Guysborough area, Nova Scotia

Mapping, petrological studies, and U-Pb dating of volcanic and plutonic units have provided a new understanding of the stratigraphy and paleotectonic setting of rocks in the Guysborough area. From base to top, the stratigraphic sequence is interpreted to consist of: (1) volcanic flows and pyroclastic rocks, with minor interlayered sedimentary rocks (Sunnyville Formation), (2) varied conglomerate (Glenkeen Formation), (3) quartz wacke with minor interlayered quartz arenite and conglomerate, and (4) massive to shaly or laminated siltstone. These volcanic and sedimentary units arc intruded by small gabbroic plutons, sills, and dykes. All the units are early Middle Devonian, based on a U-Pb (zircon) age of 389 ± 2 Ma for rhyolitic tuff from the Sunnyville Formation, and a preliminary U-Pb (baddelcyite) age of ca. 38S Ma for one of the gabbroic plutons in the siltstone unit. Based on whole-rock chemistry, the mafic volcanic and gabbroic rocks are similar, and formed in a continental within-plate setting. However, the rocks in the eastern part of the map area are more alkalic than those in the west, which are dominantly tholeiitic. The mafic magmas are interpreted to have formed by partial melting of the subcontinental upper mantle and to have evolved by crystal fractionation processes; the more alkalic magmas in the east may represent lesser amounts of partial melting in that area. This interpretation is consistent with the presence of felsic volcanic rocks only in the western part of the area. They may represent crustal melts formed as a result of mafic magma underplating of the crust. The regional tectonic significance of these igneous rocks is not yet resolved, but they are clearly older than Late Devonian to Carboniferous igneous units elsewhere in northern mainland Nova Scotia and in Cape Breton Island with which they were previously assumed to be correlative. RÉSUMÉ Des travaux de cartographic, des études pétrologiques et la datation au U-Pb d'unités volcaniques et plutoniques ont permis une meilleure compréhension de la stratigraphic et du cadre paléotcctonique des roches du secteur de Guysborough. On interprèts la composition de la séquence stratigraphique comme suit, de sa base à son sommet : 1) des écoulements volcaniques et des roches pyroclastiques, avec une proportion mineure de roches sédimentaires intercalécs (Formation Sunnyville); 2) un conglomerat diversify (Formation Glenkeen); 3) de la wacke qurtzeuse avec une présence mineure de conglomerat et de quartzite sédimentaire interstratifies; et 4) des siltstones massifs à schistcux ou feuilletés. Ces unités volcaniques et sédimentaires sont pénétries par de petits dykes, filons-couches et plutons gabbrolques. Toutes les unités remontent au début du Dévonien moyen d'apres une datation au U-Pb (zircon) situant a 389+2 Ma le tuf rhyolitique de la Formation Sunnyville ainsi qu'une datation au U-Pb (baddeleyite) situant provisoirement l'un des plutons gabbrolques de l'unité de siltstones a environ 38S Ma. D'après la chimie des roches, les roches volcanomaflques et gabbrolques sont semblabes et elles se sont formées dans un cadre intra-plaque continental. Les roches de la partie orientate du secteur cartographique sont cependant plus alcalines que celles de l'ouest, en predominance tholéeiitiques. Selon l'interprétation avancée, les magmas mafiques se seraient formes par suite d'une fonte partielle du manteau sous-continental supérieur et ils auraient évolué au moyen de processus de différenciation magmatique; les magmas plus alcalins de l'est pourraient représentor une fonte partielle moins importante dans ce secteur. Cette interprétation est compatible avec la présence de roches volcano-felsiques limitée a la partie ouest du secteur. Elles pourraient représentor des éléments crustaux fondus formés par suite d'une remontée de magma mafique sous les plaques de la croûte. On n'a pas encore déterminé ('importance tectonique régionale dc ces roches ignées, mais elles sont clairement plus anciennes que les unités ignées du Dévonien supérieur au Carbonifère des autres régions de L'intérieur de la Nouvelle-Écosse et de l'ile du Cap-Breton avec lesquelles on les supposait auparavant corrélatives. [Traduit par la rédaction

Cadomian magmatism and metamorphism at the Ossa Morena/Central Iberian zone boundary, Iberian Massif, Central Portugal: Geochemistry and P–T constraints of the Sardoal Complex

ABSTRACT: A well preserved Cadomian basement is exposed in the Iberian Massif, Central Portugal, at the Ossa Morena/Central Iberian zone boundary, which allows the determination of reliable geochemical data. A sequence of Cadomian and Variscan magmatic and tectonometamorphic events has been already described for this area and are documented in other areas of the Avalonian-Cadomian orogen. However, the geochemical information concerning the Cadomian basement for this area is still limited. We present whole rock geochemical and oxygen isotopic information to characterize the igneous protoliths of the Sardoal Complex, located within the Tomar-Badajoz-Cordoba Shear Zone, and identify their tectonic setting. We use detailed petrography, mineral chemistry and P-T data to characterize the final Cadomian tectonometamorphic event. The Sardoal Complex contains orthogneiss and amphibolite units. The protoliths of the orthogneiss are calc-alkaline magmas of acid composition and peraluminous character that were generated in an active continental margin in three different stages (ca. 692 Ma, ca. 569 Ma and ca. 548 Ma). The most significant processes in their petrogenesis are the partial melting of old metasedimentary and meta-igneous crust at different crustal levels and the crystal fractionation of plagioclase, alkali feldspars, apatite, zircon and Fe-Ti oxides. The protoliths of the amphibolite, older than ca. 540 Ma, are tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmas of basic composition that display N-,T- and E-MORB affinities. They were generated in an active continental margin. Crustal contamination and fractional crystallization of hornblende and diopside were involved in their petrogenesis. However, the fractional crystallization was not significant. The magmatic activity recorded in the Sardoal Complex indicates the existence of a long-lived continental arc (ca. 692-540 Ma) with coeval felsic and mafic magmatism. The final stage of the Cadomian metamorphism is usually represented in other areas of the Cadomian basement as a LP-HT metamorphic event. However, the P-T data obtained by thermodynamic modelling indicates medium pressure/high temperature conditions at ca. 540 Ma. These data suggest that the Sardoal Complex represents a deeper level of the exhumed Cadomian basement where the final stage of the Cadomian metamorphism was recorded.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geochemistry and metamorphism of the Mouriscas Complex, Ossa-Morena/Central Iberian zone boundary, Iberian Massif, Central Portugal: Implications for the Cadomian and Variscan orogenies

ABSTRACT: The Mouriscas Complex is a deformed and metamorphosed predominantly mafic igneous complex of Ediacaran and Ordovician age and crops out at the Ossa-Morena/Central Iberian zone boundary in the Iberian Massif, Central Portugal. It comprises amphibolite with Neoproterozoic protoliths (ca. 544 Ma), protomylonitic felsic dykes derived from younger trondhjemitic protoliths (ca. 483 Ma) and garnet amphibolite derived of even younger dioritic protoliths (ca. 477 Ma). The protoliths of the Neoproterozoic amphibolites are calc-alkaline magmas of basic to intermediate compositions with intraplate and active continental margin affinities and are considered to represent the final phase of the Cadomian arc magmatism. They are interpreted to have originated as coarse-grained intrusions, likely gabbro or diorite and generated from the, partial melting of meta-igneous lower crust and mantle. Their emplacement occurred near the Cadomian metamorphic event dated at ca. 540 Ma (P = 7-8 kbar and T = 640-660 degrees C) which is interpreted to represent a continental collision. During the Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician an extensional episode occurred in the central-southern Iberian Massif and was also observed in other areas of the Variscan Orogen. It led to mantle upwelling and to the development of an aborted intracratonic rift located at the Ossa-Morena/Central Iberian zone boundary and to the opening of the Rheic Ocean to the south of the area studied in present coordinates (i.e., between the Ossa-Morena and South Portuguese Zones). This event has been dated at ca. 477 Ma and was responsible for the melting of deep ancient mafic crust and mantle with formation of bimodal magmatism in an intra-plate setting, as indicated by the protoliths of the protomylonitic felsic dykes with trondhjemitic composition and of the garnet amphibolite. Subsequent Variscan metamorphism took place under amphibolite facies conditions (P = 4-5.5 kbar; T = 600-625 degrees C) at lower P-T conditions than the Cadomian metamorphic event. It was followed by greenschist retrogression as suggested by the appearance of actinolite rims and formation of chlorite and epidote.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Creation of Rydberg Polarons in a Bose Gas

We report spectroscopic observation of Rydberg polarons in an atomic Bose gas. Polarons are created by excitation of Rydberg atoms as impurities in a strontium Bose-Einstein condensate. They are distinguished from previously studied polarons by macroscopic occupation of bound molecular states that arise from scattering of the weakly bound Rydberg electron from ground-state atoms. The absence of a $p$-wave resonance in the low-energy electron-atom scattering in Sr introduces a universal behavior in the Rydberg spectral lineshape and in scaling of the spectral width (narrowing) with the Rydberg principal quantum number, $n$. Spectral features are described with a functional determinant approach (FDA) that solves an extended Fr\"{o}hlich Hamiltonian for a mobile impurity in a Bose gas. Excited states of polyatomic Rydberg molecules (trimers, tetrameters, and pentamers) are experimentally resolved and accurately reproduced with FDA.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Theory of excitation of Rydberg polarons in an atomic quantum gas

We present a quantum many-body description of the excitation spectrum of Rydberg polarons in a Bose gas. The many-body Hamiltonian is solved with functional determinant theory, and we extend this technique to describe Rydberg polarons of finite mass. Mean-field and classical descriptions of the spectrum are derived as approximations of the many-body theory. The various approaches are applied to experimental observations of polarons created by excitation of Rydberg atoms in a strontium Bose-Einstein condensate.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1706.0371