Electromagnetism in nonleptonic weak interactions

We construct a low-energy effective field theory that permits the complete treatment of isospin-breaking effects in nonleptonic weak interactions to next-to-leading order. To this end, we enlarge the chiral Lagrangian describing strong and Delta S=1 weak interactions by including electromagnetic terms with the photon as additional dynamical degree of freedom. The complete and minimal list of local terms at next-to-leading order is given. We perform the one-loop renormalization at the level of the generating functional and specialize to K -> pi pi decays.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure; 2 references added, final version for publication in Nucl. Phys.

Isospin violation in epsilon'

On the basis of a next-to-leading-order calculation in chiral perturbation theory, the first complete analysis of isospin breaking for direct CP violation in K^0 -> 2 pi decays is performed. We find a destructive interference between three different sources of isospin violation in the CP violation parameter epsilon'. Within the uncertainties of large-N_c estimates for the low-energy constants, the isospin violating correction for epsilon' is below 15 %.Comment: 4 page

Understanding the role of social media in political corporate branding research in the context of Indian politics

This paper seeks to explore how political actors within the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) use social media in their communication campaigns and how these social media platforms are understood by citizens following the 2014 Indian General Election. This research attempts to address the limited understanding of social media in the context of politics (Barnard and Kreiss, 2013; Burton and Shea, 2010; Cogburn and Espinoza-Vasquez 2011; Ganz, 2009; Gulati and Williams, 2007; Kumar 2009; Owen and Davis 2008). Furthermore, the limited research on political branding and social media has predominantly focused a western context negating eastern perspectives including the republic of India. This study will use the adapted Kapferer’s (2008) brand identity prism developed by Pich et al. (2014) to a political setting. This framework will ground the study and offer the opportunity to examine the role of social media from an internal brand identity and external brand image perspective. The findings will have implications not only for political parties but also for politicians, candidates and other parties interested in social media. This study will offer organisations a mechanism that will allow them understand how their social media is projected and understood and allow them to investigate whether their projected brand identity is coherent with the understood external brand image

Hadron structure in tau -> KKpi nu_tau decays

We analyse the hadronization structure of both vector and axial-vector currents leading to tau -> KKpi nu_tau decays. At leading order in the 1/Nc expansion, and considering only the contribution of the lightest resonances, we work out, within the framework of the resonance chiral Lagrangian, the structure of the local vertices involved in those processes. The couplings in the resonance theory are constrained by imposing the asymptotic behaviour of vector and axial-vector spectral functions ruled by QCD. In this way we predict the hadron spectra and conclude that, contrarily to previous assertions, the vector contribution dominates by far over the axial-vector one in all KKpi charge channels.Comment: 32 pages, 7 figure

<VAP> Green Function in the Resonance Region

We analyse the three-point function of vector, axial-vector and pseudoscalar currents. In the spirit of large N_C, a resonance dominated Green function is confronted with the leading high-energy behaviour from the operator product expansion. The matching is shown to be fully compatible with a chiral resonance Lagrangian and it allows to determine some of the chiral low-energy constants of O(p^6).Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures. Published version. Results and conclusions unchange

Determination of the Chiral Couplings L_10 and C_87 from Semileptonic Tau Decays

Using recent precise hadronic tau-decay data on the V-A spectral function, and general properties of QCD such as analyticity, the operator product expansion and chiral perturbation theory, we get accurate values for the QCD chiral order parameters L_10^r(M_rho) and C_87^r(M_rho). These two low-energy constants appear at order p^4 and p^6, respectively, in the chiral perturbation theory expansion of the V-A correlator. At order p^4 we obtain L_10^r(M_rho) = -(5.22\pm 0.06)10^{-3}. Including in the analysis the two-loop (order p^6) contributions, we get L_10^r(M_rho) = -(4.06\pm 0.39)10^{-3} and C_87^r(M_rho) = (4.89\pm 0.19)10^{-3}GeV^{-2}. In the SU(2) chiral effective theory, the corresponding low-energy coupling takes the value \overline l_5 = 13.30 \pm 0.11 at order p^4, and \overline l_5 = 12.24 \pm 0.21 at order p^6.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures, v2: Added reference, published versio

Creating and developing local political brand identity: a constituency focus

Political brands are complex multilayered entities that can be segmented into corporate political brands otherwise known as Parties and individual-sub political brands often conceptualised as individual politicians and candidates (Cwalina and Falkowski 2014; De Landtsheer and De Vries, 2015; Milewicz and Milewicz 2014; Speed, Butler and Colins 2015). Research into individual-sub political brands has received little attention compared with corporate political brands with calls for more research dedicated to individual-sub political brands. This is particularly the case with studies on political brand identity. Political brand identity is seen as the internal view or reality of the organisation and focuses on how the entity projects itself to the external audience. Further, leading authors within the field call for more day-to-day and non-traditional focus within political marketing and investigate how political brands are positioned are needed (Needham and Smith 2015; O’Cass 2001; Ormrod, Henneberg, Forward, Miller, and Tymms 2007). More specifically, Pich and Dean (2015) call for more insight and understanding into the individual-sub political brands in order to ascertain and strategically utilise their potential of building long term relationships with voters. Responding to the identified gap in the body of knowledge, this paper seeks to explore how individual-sub (local) political brand identity is created and developed from an internal orientation following the 2015 UK General Election. This study highlights a distinct case study of a Member of Parliament of the UK Conservative Party. This will offer insight into the sub-brand political brand and assess consistency with the corporate political brand. Further, this study will provide unique first-hand perspectives of how identity is created, developed and maintained within the political environment. The findings have implications not only for political parties but also for politicians, candidates and other political entities. The paper will review and refine the concept of local-sub political brands and illustrate how to investigate the internal orientation of individual political brands. This study will demonstrate that individual political brands can be tailored to address the wants and needs of each unique constituency yet remain consistent with the corporate political brand

Investigating political brand reputation with qualitative projective techniques

Corporate brands can be seen as an amalgamation of three related yet distinct elements namely internal identity, external image and external reputation (Balmer and Greyser 2003; Harris and de Chernatony 2001; Spry 2014). Existing research has tended to focus on internal identity and external image with very few studies devoted to the exploration of external reputation and how the concept relates to external image. A strong, clear consistent reputation has the potential to offer a competitive advantage and is considered an organisation's most valuable asset (Dowling 1993; Firestein 2006; Spry 2014). Therefore understanding a corporate brand’s reputation is surely crucial in determining consistency with short-term image and coherency with identity and assessing its overall authenticity. This paper will examine the interrelatedness of corporate reputation and image within the context of political branding. However, this also raises the question of how to investigate external brand reputation. A number of authors (Fombrun and van Riel; 2004; Davies et al, 2001) draw on metaphors for reputation such as Davies et al (2001) who use the metaphor "magnet" as reputation helps attract different types of stakeholders. To add to the body of knowledge, this pa'er seeks to generate insight into the UK Conservative Party’s brand reputation prior the 2015 UK General Election, building on the work of Pich et al (2015) who used qualitative projective techniques to understand the Conservative Party's brand's image before the 2010 UK General Election. The paper will offer insight into the political brand’s current reputation and reveal how the external image has influenced its development over the five year electoral cycle. The findings have implications not only for political parties but also for politicians, candidates and other political entities as this study offers a framework that not only supports the understanding of political brand reputation but outlines how the brand image has contributed to the way in which it has developed over the last 5 years. The paper will review and refine the concept of brand reputation and illustrate how to investigate the external orientation of a corporate brand. This study will demonstrate that qualitative projective techniques can be a useful tool to explore more than a brand’s image but also a brand's long-term reputation

The evolving nature of political brands: a comparative study exploring the internal and external brand orientations of David Cameron’s Conservative Party from 2010 to 2015

This paper seeks to build an understanding of the relationship between the communicated brand identity and understood political brand image of the UK Conservative Party. This is supported by the exploration of the applicability of Kapferer’s brand identity prism (2008) and brand image framework (Bosch et al. 2006) to the context of political marketing. Despite this research demonstrating the problematic nature of transferring concepts of brand identity and brand image to the political environment, this research develops an improved and focused framework to explore internal and external orientations of political brands. The findings have implications not only for political parties but also for politicians, candidates and other political entities. Organisations will be able to generate a deeper understanding of their brands from an internal and external orientation and investigate whether their projected brand identity is coherent with the understood external brand image