Connecting Economy, Gender, and Citizenship

This chapter explores emerging discourses of economic citizenship and con- siders how they might illuminate developments in taxation and securities law and policy. In previous work, we have discussed how different fields of business and commercial law help to construct and regulate a gendered and classed economic order (Condon 2000, 2001, 2002; Philipps 1996, 2002, 2003). Here we draw upon theories of citizenship as a possible source of new insights about the formation and governance of an increasingly market- oriented social order and law’s role in that process. First, we focus on the significant theoretical challenges posed by emergent notions of economic citizenship, specifically the need to redefine the role of states, citizens, and law in this new context. Second, we map out four substantive elements that together comprise the developing discourse of economic citizenship: economic liberty, defined as the right to access markets; economic security; responsibilities of economic citizenship; and participation in economic decision making. Each of these is analyzed to reveal the diverse meanings being attached to economic citizenship, and particularly how gender is (or is not) addressed within different strands of the discourse. Third, we apply this framework in a discussion of two contemporary case studies, the first on the formation of tax law through fiscal policy and budget processes, the second on the governance of investment funds. An overriding objective of the chapter is to assess the progressive potential of economic citizenship discourse to achieve enhanced accountability and social justice in the economic domain. Our concluding section observes that any such potential depends upon recognition that markets and market institutions are subject to public norms of equality and justice. This study suggests that the possibilities for advancing such a version of economic citizenship may be more limited in the context of investment fund governance than in the field of fiscal policy

Connecting Economy, Gender, and Citizenship

This chapter explores emerging discourses of economic citizenship and con- siders how they might illuminate developments in taxation and securities law and policy. In previous work, we have discussed how different fields of business and commercial law help to construct and regulate a gendered and classed economic order (Condon 2000, 2001, 2002; Philipps 1996, 2002, 2003). Here we draw upon theories of citizenship as a possible source of new insights about the formation and governance of an increasingly market- oriented social order and law’s role in that process. First, we focus on the significant theoretical challenges posed by emergent notions of economic citizenship, specifically the need to redefine the role of states, citizens, and law in this new context. Second, we map out four substantive elements that together comprise the developing discourse of economic citizenship: economic liberty, defined as the right to access markets; economic security; responsibilities of economic citizenship; and participation in economic decision making. Each of these is analyzed to reveal the diverse meanings being attached to economic citizenship, and particularly how gender is (or is not) addressed within different strands of the discourse. Third, we apply this framework in a discussion of two contemporary case studies, the first on the formation of tax law through fiscal policy and budget processes, the second on the governance of investment funds. An overriding objective of the chapter is to assess the progressive potential of economic citizenship discourse to achieve enhanced accountability and social justice in the economic domain. Our concluding section observes that any such potential depends upon recognition that markets and market institutions are subject to public norms of equality and justice. This study suggests that the possibilities for advancing such a version of economic citizenship may be more limited in the context of investment fund governance than in the field of fiscal policy

Tangentially Driven Active Polar Linear Polymers -- An Analytical Study

The conformational and dynamical properties of isolated flexible active polar linear polymers (APLPs) are studied analytically. The APLPs are modeled as Gaussian bead-spring linear chains augmented by tangential active forces, both in a discrete and continuous representations. The polar forces lead to linear non-Hermitian equations of motion, which are solved by an eigenfunction expansion in terms of a biorthogonal basis set. Our calculations show that the polymer conformations are independent of activity. On the contrary, tangential propulsion strongly impacts the polymer dynamics and yields an active ballistic regime as well as activity-enhanced long-time diffusion, regimes which are both absent in passive systems. The polar forces imply a coupling of modes in the eigenfunction representation, in particular with the translational mode, with a respective strong influence on the polymer dynamics. The total polymer mean-square displacement on scales smaller than their radius of gyration is determined by the active internal dynamics rather than the collective center-of-mass motion, in contrast to active Brownian polymers, reflecting the distinct difference in the propulsion mechanism.Comment: 10 Figure

Limiter lock systems at TEXTOR: flexible tools for plasma-wall investigation

Limiter lock systems on the top and the bottom of the TEXTOR vessel are essential elements for experimental investigations of plasma-wall interaction in a tokamak. The lock systems are designed as user facilities that allow the insertion of wall elements (limiter) and tools for diagnostic (electrical probes, gas injection) without breaking the TEXTOR vacuum. The specially designed holder on top of the central carrier and a powerful vacuum pump system permit the exchange of components within similar to1 h. Up to ten electrical signals, four thermocouples, and a gas supply can be connected at the holder interface. Between discharges, the inserted component can be positioned radially and turned with respect to the toroidal magnetic field. Additionally, the central carrier is electrically isolated to apply bias voltages and currents up to 1 kV and 1 kA, respectively.An important feature of the lock system is the good access for optical spectroscopic observation of the inserted components in the vicinity of the edge plasma. The whole spectrum from ultraviolet to infrared is covered by spectrometers and filters combined with cameras. Toroidally and poloidally resolved measurements are obtained front the view on top of the probes while the tangential poloidal view delivers radially and toroidally resolved information.A programmable logic controller (Simatic S5) that is operated inside the TEXTOR bunker and from remote locations outside the concrete wall drives all possible features of the lock system

Elastic electron-deuteron scattering in chiral effective field theory

We calculate elastic electron-deuteron scattering in a chiral effective field theory approach for few-nucleon systems based on a modified Weinberg power counting. We construct the current operators and the deuteron wave function at next-to-leading (NLO) and next-to-next-to-leading (NNLO) order simultaneously within a projection formalism. The leading order comprises the impulse approximation of photons coupling to point-like nucleons with an anomalous magnetic moment. At NLO, we include renormalizations of the single nucleon operators. To this order, no unknown parameters enter. At NNLO, one four-nucleon-photon operator appears. Its strength can be determined from the deuteron magnetic moment. We obtain not only a satisfactory description of the deuteron structure functions and form factors measured in electron-deuteron scattering but also find a good convergence for these observables.Comment: 13 pp, elsart.cls, 4 figs, extended version, includes NNLO corrections and more detailed discussion