51 research outputs found
DIVERSITY AND HABITAT PROFILE OF THE SHALLOW WATER HOLOTHURIANS IN CAMOTES ISLANDS, CENTRAL PHILIPPINES
Species diversity and habitat profile of holothurians in Camotes Islands,
Cebu Philippines were studied as baseline data for resource and ecological
management. A 150 meter transect was laid in sandy, muddy and rocky substrates
of the coastal barangays during the day and night assessments of the four
municipalities of Camotes Islands which are San Francisco, Poro, Tudela and Pilar.
Physico-chemical instruments and interview guide to the gleaners were used to
gather data. Actual collection of specimen and other data was done in every 10
meter distance in the transect where a 1m quadrat was used. Results show that
there are 20 species of holothurians belonging to 3 families namely Holothuriidae,
Stichopodidae and Synaptidae. There are 2 species found in sandy substrate; 10 in
muddy substrate; 2 in pure rocky substrate and 6 found in both rocky and muddy
substrates. Results further show that there are 13 common species of Holothurians
found in the four municipalities. The most diverse municipality is San Francisco
which has 18 species followed by Poro (15); Pilar (14) and Tudela (13). For the
distinct species, Holothuria rigida is found only in San Francisco followed by
Pearsonothuria graffei (in Tudela and Pilar); Physico-chemical parameters like
salinity, range from 23-38 ppt; temperature is 260C-350C, pH 4.5-8.0 both day and
night assessments. Substrate grain size analysis shows that 100 microns
dominate the amount of substrates in all the barangays, followed by 200 microns
and then 400 microns.
Keywords: Diversity, Habitat Profile, Holothurians, Camotes Island
The CIPM list "Recommended values of standard frequencies": 2021 update
This paper gives a detailed account of the analysis underpinning the 2021
update to the list of standard reference frequency values recommended by the
International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM). This update focused on
a subset of atomic transitions that are secondary representations of the second
(SRS) or considered as potential SRS. As in previous updates in 2015 and 2017,
methods for analysing over-determined data sets were applied to make optimum
use of the worldwide body of published clock comparison data. To ensure that
these methods were robust, three independent calculations were performed using
two different algorithms. The 2021 update differed from previous updates in
taking detailed account of correlations among the input data, a step shown to
be important in deriving unbiased frequency values and avoiding underestimation
of their uncertainties. It also differed in the procedures used to assess input
data and to assign uncertainties to the recommended frequency values, with
previous practice being adapted to produce a fully consistent output data set
consisting of frequency ratio values as well as absolute frequencies. These
changes are significant in the context of an anticipated redefinition of the
second in terms of an optical transition or transitions, since optical
frequency ratio measurements will be critical for verifying the international
consistency of optical clocks prior to the redefinition. In the meantime, the
reduced uncertainties for optical SRS resulting from this analysis
significantly increases the weight that secondary frequency standards based on
these transitions can have in the steering of International Atomic Time (TAI).Comment: 22 pages, 5 figure
Electrode positions, transformation coordinates for ECG reconstruction from S-ICD vectors.
The article contains data pertaining to the reconstruction of an 8-lead ECG from 2 subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator vectors. The location of electrodes on the precordium required for the data collection are detailed; the flow chart for patient selection and exclusion is shown; the summary data of the root mean square error (RMSE) (in microvolts) and Pearson r for the ECG transformation all cases and the pearson correlation for all the leads measured and reconstructed leads are also shown. Detailed background, methodology and discussion can be found in the linked research article
Roadmap towards the redefinition of the second
This paper outlines the roadmap towards the redefinition of the second, which was recently updated by the CCTF Task Force created by the CCTF in 2020. The main achievements of optical frequency standards (OFS) call for reflection on the redefinition of the second, but open new challenges related to the performance of the OFS, their contribution to time scales and UTC, the possibility of their comparison, and the knowledge of the Earth's gravitational potential to ensure a robust and accurate capacity to realize a new definition at the level of 10-18 uncertainty. The mandatory criteria to be achieved before redefinition have been defined and their current fulfilment level is estimated showing the fields that still needed improvement. The possibility to base the redefinition on a single or on a set of transitions has also been evaluated. The roadmap indicates the steps to be followed in the next years to be ready for a sound and successful redefinition
The Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
International audienceCoordinated Universal Time (UTC) has considerably changed in recent years. The evolution of UTC follows the scientific and industrial progress by developing appropriate models, more adapted calculation algorithms, more efficient and rapid dissemination processes and a well defined traceability chain. The enormous technical progress worldwide has resulted in an impressive number of atomic clocks now available for UTC calculation. The refined time and frequency transfer techniques are approaching the accuracy requested for the new definition of the SI second. The more regular operation of primary frequency standards (PFS) increases the accuracy of UTC and opens a possible new development for time scale algorithms. From the metrological point of view all the ingredients are available for major improvements to UTC. Dissemination of UTC is done by the monthly publication of results in BIPM Circular T. This document makes a quality evaluation of local representations of UTC, named UTC(k), in national institutes, and other organizations, by giving the evolution of their offsets relative to UTC and their respective uncertainties. The clock models adopted and the time transfer techniques have progressively improved over the years, assuring the long-term stability of UTC. Each computation of UTC processes data over one month with five-day sampling and publication. A rapid solution of UTC (UTCr) has existed since 2013, and consists of the processing of daily sampled data over four consecutive weeks, computed and published weekly. It gives quick access to UTC, and allows participating laboratories to better monitor the offsets of their realizations to the reference UTC. The traditional monthly publication, containing results of all the laboratories contributing data to the BIPM for the computation of UTC was complemented after the establishment of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement of the International Committee on Weights and Measures (CIPM MRA). This time comparison, which has been the responsibility of the BIPM since 1988, added as a complement the key comparison on time defined by the Consultative Committee for Time and Frequency (CCTF) in 2006 as CCTF-K001.UTC, where the results published are those of national metrology institutes (NMIs) signatories of the CIPM MRA, or designated institutes (DIs). The traceability issues are formalized in the framework of the CIPM MRA. The development of time metrology activities in the different metrology regions, supports the actions of the BIPM time department to improve the accuracy of [UTCâUTC(k)], where the coordination with the Regional Metrology Organizations (RMOs) has a key role. This paper presents an overview of UTC
The Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process as a model for filtered white noise
The OrnsteinâUhlenbeck process is presented with its main mathematical properties and with
original results on the first crossing times in the case of two threshold barriers. The
interpretation of filtered white noise, its stationary spectrum and Allan variance are also
presented for ease of use in the time and frequency metrology field. An improved simulation
scheme for the evaluation of first passage times between two barriers is also introduced
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