Modelos mentales de comunicación y consumo. Una comparación intercultural de publicidad televisiva

Este estudio prospectivo plantea la interrogante si la publicidad televisiva difiere entre distintas culturas y si es así, cómo y en qué medida. En contraste a la mayoría de los estudios respectivos, nos hemos concentrado en un protocolo detallado basado en un análisis formal que está estadísticamente orientado. En una perspectiva más amplia, la relación entre la comunicación cara-a-cara y la comunicación mediatizada por la tecnología está escrutada. Asumiendo que hay varias diferencias, una hipótesis sería que éstas se originan en hábitos de comunicación antiguos a aquellos encontrados en la comunicación por medios tecnológicos. En parte, eso supondría una transferencia entre diferentes medios, relacionando la organización del habla con la de las imágenes. Como solamente por medio de estudios comparativos se puede responder dichas interrogantes, se compararon dos muestras de publicidad alemana y ecuatoriana. Para evitar una sobreestimación de las diferencias culturales es inevitable el investigar también el nivel intercultural para evaluar las fluctuaciones relacionadas con los contenidos

Untreated and Microbial-Inoculated Corn Silage in High Silage Rations for Growing Cattle

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of inoculating corn forage which was more optimal in moisture content than that in the 1982 study with a Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation product. The response to inoculation was compared with untreated silage in terms of feedlot performance of growing steers fed high-silage rations. Preservation of silage dry matter, chemical quality and utilization of nutrients were also determined

Large-scale strain-rates in Europe derived from observations in the European geodetic VLBI network

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Sources of Supplemental Protein With Corn Silage for Growing Cattle

Previous research studies at this station compared the effects of conventional soybean meal, special heat-treated soy-bean meal or urea in supplements for finishing cattle fed ground ear corn. These supplements represent variations in protein solubility and amino acid composition. The objective of the studies was to determine effects of the studies was to determine effects of these characteristics on performance of cattle fed corn grain and low protein roughage (cob portion of the ear corn) finishing diets. Results showed a good response to protein supplementation in terms of feedlot performance with essentially no differences between supplements

Effects of Bacterial Inoculation of Corn Silage on Feedlot Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Preservation and Aerobic Feedbunk Life

The making of quality silage is largely dependent upon the fermentation process as carried out by microorganisms present in the forage during ensiling. Research has shown that the number of these organisms can vary considerably in the corn forage. Inoculation of the forage with microorganisms favorable to fermentation such as Lactobacillus species is a means of reducing variation due to kind and number of fermentative organisms. Previous research at SDSU has shown there is very little difference in feedable corn silage quality with microbial inoculation, but that the fermentation process can be accelerated as fermentation temperatures were also observed with inoculated silage than untreated silage. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if a highly concentrated silage inoculant containing Lactobacillus plantarum would improve silage quality and preservation was compared with uninoculated silage in terms of feed-lot performance of beef cattle, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention by steer, chemical quality and aerobic stability

Sources and Heat Treatment of Protein Ingredients for Supplementing Corn Silage for Growing Cattle

A study with one hundred sixty-eight Angus and Hereford-Angus steers was conducted to evaluate protein supplementation under various conditions with corn silage diets. Steers averaged 581 lb. initially and were fed 103 days

2015 Update on Acute Adverse Reactions to Gadolinium based Contrast Agents in Cardiovascular MR. Large Multi-National and Multi-Ethnical Population Experience With 37788 Patients From the EuroCMR Registry

Objectives: Specifically we aim to demonstrate that the results of our earlier safety data hold true in this much larger multi-national and multi-ethnical population. Background: We sought to re-evaluate the frequency, manifestations, and severity of acute adverse reactions associated with administration of several gadolinium- based contrast agents during routine CMR on a European level. Methods: Multi-centre, multi-national, and multi-ethnical registry with consecutive enrolment of patients in 57 European centres. Results: During the current observation 37788 doses of Gadolinium based contrast agent were administered to 37788 patients. The mean dose was 24.7 ml (range 5–80 ml), which is equivalent to 0.123 mmol/kg (range 0.01 - 0.3 mmol/kg). Forty-five acute adverse reactions due to contrast administration occurred (0.12 %). Most reactions were classified as mild (43 of 45) according to the American College of Radiology definition. The most frequent complaints following contrast administration were rashes and hives (15 of 45), followed by nausea (10 of 45) and flushes (10 of 45). The event rate ranged from 0.05 % (linear non-ionic agent gadodiamide) to 0.42 % (linear ionic agent gadobenate dimeglumine). Interestingly, we also found different event rates between the three main indications for CMR ranging from 0.05 % (risk stratification in suspected CAD) to 0.22 % (viability in known CAD). Conclusions: The current data indicate that the results of the earlier safety data hold true in this much larger multi-national and multi-ethnical population. Thus, the “off-label” use of Gadolinium based contrast in cardiovascular MR should be regarded as safe concerning the frequency, manifestation and severity of acute events

CDKN2BAS is associated with periodontitis in different European populations and is activated by bacterial infection

Epidemiological studies have indicated a relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontitis. Recently, CDKN2BAS was reported as a shared genetic risk factor of CHD and aggressive periodontitis (AgP), but the causative variant has remained unknown. To identify and validate risk variants in different European populations, we first explored 150 kb of the genetic region of CDKN2BAS including the adjacent genes CDKN2A and CDKN2B, covering 51 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in AgP and chronic periodontitis (CP) in individuals of Dutch origin (n=313). In a second step, we tested the significant SNP associations in an independent AgP and CP population of German origin (n=1264). For the tagSNPs rs1360590, rs3217992, and rs518394, we could validate the associations with AgP before and after adjustment for the covariates smoking, gender and diabetes, with SNP rs3217992 being the most significant (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.85; p=0.0004). We further showed in vivo gene expression of CDKN2BAS, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and CDK4 in healthy and inflamed gingival epithelium (GE) and connective tissue (CT), and detected a significantly higher expression of CDKN2BAS in healthy CT compared to GE (p=0.004). After 24 h of stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis in Streptococcus gordonii pre-treated gingival fibroblast (HGF) and cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs), we observed a 25-fold and fourfold increase of CDKN2BAS gene expression in HGFs (p=0.003) and GECs (p=0.004), respectively. Considering the global importance of CDKN2BAS in the disease risk of CHD, this observation supports the theory of inflammatory components in the disease physiology of CHD

CDKN2BAS is associated with periodontitis in different European populations and is activated by bacterial infection

Epidemiological studies have indicated a relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and periodontitis. Recently, CDKN2BAS was reported as a shared genetic risk factor of CHD and aggressive periodontitis (AgP), but the causative variant has remained unknown. To identify and validate risk variants in different European populations, we first explored 150 kb of the genetic region of CDKN2BAS including the adjacent genes CDKN2A and CDKN2B, covering 51 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in AgP and chronic periodontitis (CP) in individuals of Dutch origin (n=313). In a second step, we tested the significant SNP associations in an independent AgP and CP population of German origin (n=1264). For the tagSNPs rs1360590, rs3217992, and rs518394, we could validate the associations with AgP before and after adjustment for the covariates smoking, gender and diabetes, with SNP rs3217992 being the most significant (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.85; p=0.0004). We further showed in vivo gene expression of CDKN2BAS, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and CDK4 in healthy and inflamed gingival epithelium (GE) and connective tissue (CT), and detected a significantly higher expression of CDKN2BAS in healthy CT compared to GE (p=0.004). After 24 h of stimulation with Porphyromonas gingivalis in Streptococcus gordonii pre-treated gingival fibroblast (HGF) and cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs), we observed a 25-fold and fourfold increase of CDKN2BAS gene expression in HGFs (p=0.003) and GECs (p=0.004), respectively. Considering the global importance of CDKN2BAS in the disease risk of CHD, this observation supports the theory of inflammatory components in the disease physiology of CHD