Shallow currents along the northeastern coast of South America

It has generally been considered that the Guiana Current carries South Atlantic Central water in an uninterrupted flow along the northeastern coast of South America and then into the Caribbean Sea. Certain phenomena observed in the western tropical Atlantic and in the Caribbean indicate that the picture is not that simple...

Weak lensing of large scale structure in the presence of screening

A number of alternatives to general relativity exhibit gravitational screening in the non-linear regime of structure formation. We describe a set of algorithms that can produce weak lensing maps of large scale structure in such theories and can be used to generate mock surveys for cosmological analysis. By analysing a few basic statistics we indicate how these alternatives can be distinguished from general relativity with future weak lensing surveys.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures, accepted by JCAP. v2: references updat

Pure spin-angular momentum coefficients for non-scalar one-particle operators in jj-coupling

A revised program for generating the spin-angular coefficients in relativistic atomic structure calculations is presented. When compared with our previous version [G.Gaigalas, S.Fritzsche and I.P.Grant, CPC 139 (2001) 263], the new version of the Anco program now provides these coefficients for both, scalar as well as non-scalar one-particle operators as they arise frequently in the study of transition probabilities, photoionization and electron capture processes, the alignment transfer through excited atomic states, collision strengths, and in many other investigations. The program is based on a recently developed formalism [G.Gaigalas, Z.Rudzikas, and C.F.Fischer, J. Phys. B 30 (1997) 3747], which combines techniques from second quantization in coupled tensorial form, the theory of quasispin, and the use of reduced coefficients of fractional parentage, in order to derive the spin-angular coefficients for complex atomic shell structures more efficiently. By making this approach now available also for non-scalar interactions, therefore, studies on a whole field of new properties and processes are likely to become possible even for atoms and ions with a complex structure

The CO2 Content of Consumption Across US Regions: A Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) Approach

We improve on existing estimates of the carbon dioxide (CO2) content of consumption across regions of the United States. Using a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) framework, we estimate the direct and indirect CO2 emissions attributable to domestically and internationally imported goods. We include estimates of bilateral trade between US states as well as between individual states and international countries and regions. This report presents two major findings. First, attributing emissions to states on a consumption versus a production basis leads to very different state-level emissions responsibilities; for example, when attributed on a consumption basis, California's per capita emissions are over 25 percent higher than when attributed on a production basis. Second, when attributing emissions on a consumption basis, heterogeneity of emissions across trading partners significantly affects emissions intensity. These findings have important implications for evaluating the potential distributional impacts of national climate policies, as well as for understanding differing incentives to implement state- or regional-level policies

Two-step Doppler cooling of a three-level ladder system with an intermediate metastable level

Doppler laser cooling of a three-level ladder system using two near-resonant laser fields is analyzed in the case of the intermediate level being metastable while the upper level is short-lived. Analytical as well as numerical results for e.g. obtainable scattering rates and achievable temperatures are presented. When appropriate, comparisons with two-level single photon Doppler laser cooling is made. These results are relevant to recent experimental Doppler laser cooling investigations addressing intercombination lines in alkali-earth metal atoms and quadrupole transitions in alkali-earth metal ions.Comment: accepted by Phys Rev

Direct measurements of the Atlantic Equatorial Undercurrent

Measurements from 57 current meters suspended from anchored buoys in a network between 1.5°N and 1.5°S and from 27.5°W to 35°W in the Atlantic Ocean between February and April 1963 show speeds up to 70 cm/sec within the Equatorial Undercurrent. The bottom of the Undercurrent appears to be no deeper than 150 m; below th is dep th there is a westward-flowing current with speeds up to 25 cm/sec