952 research outputs found
Renormalization Group Study of the soliton mass on the (lambda Phi^4)_{1+1} lattice model
We compute, on the model on the lattice, the soliton
mass by means of two very different numerical methods. First, we make use of a
``creation operator'' formalism, measuring the decay of a certain correlation
function. On the other hand we measure the shift of the vacuum energy between
the symmetric and the antiperiodic systems. The obtained results are fully
compatible.
We compute the continuum limit of the mass from the perturbative
Renormalization Group equations. Special attention is paid to ensure that we
are working on the scaling region, where physical quantities remain unchanged
along any Renormalization Group Trajectory. We compare the continuum value of
the soliton mass with its perturbative value up to one loop calculation. Both
quantities show a quite satisfactory agreement. The first is slightly bigger
than the perturbative one; this may be due to the contributions of higher order
corrections.Comment: 19 pages, preprint DFTUZ/93/0
The conductivity and band structure of some synthetic semiconductors based on M(dmit) 2
Low‐Temperature Heat Capacities and Thermodynamic Functions of Some Palladium and Platinum Group Chalcogenides. II. Dichalcogenides; PtS2, PtTe2, and PdTe2
Heat capacities of platinum disulfide, platinum ditelluride, and palladium ditelluride were measured in the range 5° to 350°K. They show the normal sigmoidal temperature dependence with no evidence of transitions or other anomalies. The derived heat capacity equations were integrated. Values of Cp, S°—S0°, H°—H0°, and —(F°—H0°)/T are tabulated for selected temperatures. At 298.15°K the entropies are 17.85 cal gfw—1 °K—1 for PtS2, 28.92 cal gfw—1 °K—1 for PtTe2 and 30.25 cal gfw—1 °K—1 for PdTe2. Thermodynamic values have been estimated for other dichalcogenides and related chalcogenides of the platinum group metals.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69847/2/JCPSA6-35-5-1670-1.pd
Size-Dependent Surface Plasmon Dynamics in Metal Nanoparticles
We study the effect of Coulomb correlations on the ultrafast optical dynamics
of small metal particles. We demonstrate that a surface-induced dynamical
screening of the electron-electron interactions leads to quasiparticle
scattering with collective surface excitations. In noble-metal nanoparticles,
it results in an interband resonant scattering of d-holes with surface
plasmons. We show that this size-dependent many-body effect manifests itself in
the differential absorption dynamics for frequencies close to the surface
plasmon resonance. In particular, our self-consistent calculations reveal a
strong frequency dependence of the relaxation, in agreement with recent
femtosecond pump-probe experiments.Comment: 8 pages + 4 figures, final version accepted to PR
Free energy of an SU(2) monopole-antimonopole pair
We present a high-statistic numerical study of the free energy of a
monopole-antimonopole pair in pure SU(2) theory. We find that the
monopole-antimonopole interaction potential exhibits a screened behavior, as
one would expect in presence of a monopole condensate. Screening occurs both in
the low-temperature, confining phase of the theory, and in the high-temperature
deconfined phase, with no evidence of a discontinuity of the screening mass
across the transition. The mass of the object responsible for the screening at
low temperature is approximately twice the established value for the lightest
glueball, indicating a prevalent coupling to glueball excitations. At high
temperature, the screening mass increases. We contrast the behavior of the
quantum system with that of the corresponding classical system, where the
monopole-antimonopole potential is of the Coulomb type.Comment: Latex, 22 pages, 8 figures. A mistake in the computer program
implementing the multihistogram method has been corrected and all the
affected numerical data have been revised. The main conclusions of the paper
are unchanged, but the screening masses turn out somehow larger. (We thank
Philippe de Forcrand for correspondence which helped us find the error.
Domain walls and perturbation theory in high temperature gauge theory: SU(2) in 2+1 dimensions
We study the detailed properties of Z_2 domain walls in the deconfined high
temperature phase of the d=2+1 SU(2) gauge theory. These walls are studied both
by computer simulations of the lattice theory and by one-loop perturbative
calculations. The latter are carried out both in the continuum and on the
lattice. We find that leading order perturbation theory reproduces the detailed
properties of these domain walls remarkably accurately even at temperatures
where the effective dimensionless expansion parameter, g^2/T, is close to
unity. The quantities studied include the surface tension, the action density
profiles, roughening and the electric screening mass. It is only for the last
quantity that we find an exception to the precocious success of perturbation
theory. All this shows that, despite the presence of infrared divergences at
higher orders, high-T perturbation theory can be an accurate calculational
tool.Comment: 75 pages, LaTeX, 14 figure
Relaxation Dynamics of Photoinduced Changes in the Superfluid Weight of High-Tc Superconductors
In the transient state of d-wave superconductors, we investigate the temporal
variation of photoinduced changes in the superfluid weight. We derive the
formula that relates the nonlinear response function to the nonequilibrium
distribution function. The latter qunatity is obtained by solving the kinetic
equation with the electron-electron and the electron-phonon interaction
included. By numerical calculations, a nonexponential decay is found at low
temperatures in contrast to the usual exponential decay at high temperatures.
The nonexponential decay originates from the nonmonotonous temporal variation
of the nonequilibrium distribution function at low energies. The main physical
process that causes this behavior is not the recombination of quasiparticles as
previous phenomenological studies suggested, but the absorption of phonons.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures; to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Vol. 80,
No.
Increased permeability-oedema and atelectasis in pulmonary dysfunction after trauma and surgery: a prospective cohort study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Trauma and surgery may be complicated by pulmonary dysfunction, acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the mechanisms are incompletely understood.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We evaluated lung capillary protein permeability non-invasively with help of the <sup>67</sup>Ga-transferrin pulmonary leak index (PLI) technique and extravascular lung water (EVLW) by the transpulmonary thermal-dye dilution technique in consecutive, mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit within 24 h of direct, blunt thoracic trauma (n = 5, 2 with ARDS), and within 12 h of indirect trauma by transhiatal oesophagectomy (n = 8), abdominal surgery for cancer (n = 6) and bone surgery (n = 4). We studied transfusion history, haemodynamics, oxygenation and mechanics of the lungs. The lung injury score (LIS, 0–4) was calculated. Plain radiography was also done to judge densities and atelectasis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The PLI and EVLW were elevated above normal in 61 and 30% of patients, respectively, and the PLI directly related to the number of red cell concentrates given (r<sub>s </sub>= 0.69, P < 0.001), without group differences. Oxygenation, lung mechanics, radiographic densities and thus the LIS (1.0 [0.25–3.5]) did not relate to PLI and EVLW. However, groups differed in oxygenation and airway pressures and impaired oxygenation related to the number of radiographic quadrants with densities (r<sub>s </sub>= 0.55, P = 0.007). Thoracic trauma patients had a worse oxygenation requiring higher airway pressures and thus higher LIS than the other patient groups, unrelated to PLI and EVLW but attributable to a higher cardiac output and thereby venous admixture. Finally, patients with radiographic signs of atelectasis had more impaired oxygenation and more densities than those without.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The oxygenation defect and radiographic densities in mechanically ventilated patients with pulmonary dysfunction and ALI/ARDS after trauma and surgery are likely caused by atelectasis rather than by increased permeability-oedema related to red cell transfusion.</p
Photochromism in Ruddlesden-Popper copper-based perovskites:A light-induced change of coordination number at the surface
Ruddlesden-Popper organic-inorganic hybrid copper-based perovskites have been studied for decades owing to a variety of interesting properties, such as thermochromism and piezochromism, and the mechanisms behind these phenomena have been explained. Another possible property of these materials that has seldomly been investigated is photochromism. In this work, the photochromic properties of bis(phenethylammonium) tetrachlorocuprate (also known as phenethylammonium copper chloride) are reported for the first time. This material has attracted scientific interest owing to the fact that it shows both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic behavior. This work highlights the difference in stability between two Ruddlesden-Popper copper-based perovskites - with phenethylammonium (PEA) or methylammonium (MA) as the cations - during external stimuli. Various techniques, such as Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, combined with optical studies, were used to investigate the underlying photochemical processes at a molecular level. It is found that for the PEA compound, ultraviolet illumination causes a color change from yellow to brown. This is the result of two independent events, namely a Cu2+ reduction reaction and a transition from an octahedral copper-chloride structure to square-planar CuCl42-. After illumination, the material (brown color) is unstable in air, which is evident from a color change back to yellow. Interestingly, the similar compound bis(methylammonium) tetrachlorocuprate does not display photochromic behavior, which is attributed to the different nature of the two organic cations
A new generic open pit mine planning process with risk assessment ability
Conventionally, mining industry relies on a deterministic view, where a unique mine plan is determined based on a single resource model. A major shortfall of this approach is the inability to assess the risk caused by the well-known geological uncertainty, i.e. the in situ grade and tonnage variability of the mineral deposit. Despite some recent attempts in developing stochastic mine planning models which have demonstrated promising results, the industry still remains sceptical about this innovative idea. With respect to unbiased linear estimation, kriging is the most popular and reliable deterministic interpolation technique for resource estimation and it appears to remain its popularity in the near future. This paper presents a new systematic framework to quantify the risk of kriging-based mining projects due to the geological uncertainties. Firstly, conditional simulation is implemented to generate a series of equally-probable orebody realisations and these realisations are then compared with the kriged resource model to analyse its geological uncertainty. Secondly, a production schedule over the life of mine is determined based on the kriged resource model. Finally, risk profiles of that production schedule, namely ore and waste tonnage production, blending grade and Net Present Value (NPV), are constructed using the orebody realisations. The proposed model was applied on a multi-element deposit and the result demonstrates that that the kriging-based mine plan is unlikely to meet the production targets. Especially, the kriging-based mine plan overestimated the expected NPV at a magnitude of 6.70% to 7.34% (135 M). A new multivariate conditional simulation framework was also introduced in this paper to cope with the multivariate nature of the deposit. Although an iron ore deposit is used to prove the concepts, the method can easily be adapted to other kinds of mineral deposits, including surface coal mine
- …