Prevalence of Salmonella on Sheep Carcasses Slaughtered at Adama Municipal Abattoir, South Eastern Ethiopia

The article has been retracted by the editor.A cross-sectional study was carried to determine the prevalence of Salmonella and Salmonella Serogroups from cattle carcasses slaughtered during November 2011 to April 2012 at Adama municipal abattoir. From a total of 100 sheep carcasses, 300 samples (abomasums, liver and mesenteric lymph nodes) were collected aseptically. Out of 100 animals examined sheep, 14 (14.0%) were Salmonella carriers. Whereas among 300 examined sheep carcass, Salmonella was 17 (5.6%) were found to be positive based on culture methods and different biochemical tests that were employed. The Salmonella was detected in 13 (13%), 7 (7%) of each 100 samples of abomasum’s and mesenteric lymph nodes respectively. Out of the 17 Salmonella isolates, three different Serogroups were identified of which Serogroup B was predominant (63.6%) followed by Serogroup C2 (21.2%) and Serogroup D (15.2%). Results of the present study indicated that Salmonella is a common problem in slaughtered sheep carcasses in Adama municipal abattoir. Therefore, Sources of pathogens in food animals need to be investigated and a further study of pathogens in the food chain is recommended.Keywords: Adama Carcass Ethiopia Prevalence Salmonella Shee

Treatment outcomes of tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment short-course at Debre Tabor General Hospital, northwest Ethiopia: nine-years retrospective study

Abstract Background Data regarding tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes, proportion of TB/HIV co-infection and associated factors have been released at different TB treatment facilities in Ethiopia and elsewhere in the world as part of the auditing and surveillance service. However, these data are missing for the TB clinic offering directly observed treatment short-course (DOTs) at Debre Tabor General Hospital (DTGH). Methods The authors analysed the records of 985 TB patients registered at the DTGH from September 2008 to December 2016. Data on patients’ sex, age, type of TB, and treatment outcomes were extracted from the TB treatment registration logbook. The treatment outcome of patients was categorized according to the National TB and Leprosy Control Program guidelines: cured, treatment completed, treatment failed, died, and not evaluated (transferred out and unknown cases). Results Around half of the registered patients were males (516, 52.4%). In terms of TB types, 381 (38.7%), 241 (24.5%), and 363 (36.9%) patients had smear-negative pulmonary TB, smear-positive pulmonary TB, and extra pulmonary TB, respectively. Six hundred and seventy-two patients (90.1%) had successful treatment outcomes (cured and treatment completed), while 74 patients (9.9%) had unsuccessful treatment outcomes (death and treatment failure).TB treatment outcome was not associated with age, sex, type and history of TB, or co-infection with HIV (P > 0.05). The proportion of TB/HIV co-infection was at 24.2%, and these were found to be significantly associated with the age groups of 25–34, 35–44 and ≥65 years:(aOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.25–0.8), (aOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20–0.70), (aOR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.30–12.9), respectively. Conclusions The proportion of patients with successful treatment outcomes was above the World Health Organization target set for Millennium Development Goal of 85% and in line with that of the global milestone target set at > 90% for 2025. Relatively higher proportions of transfer-out cases were recorded in the present study. Similarly, the proportion of TB/HIV co-infection cases was much higher than the national average of 8%.Thus, the health facility under study should develop strategies to record the final treatment outcome of transfer-out cases. In addition, strategies to reduce the burden of TB/HIV co-infection should be strengthened