Las redes informales inter-oganizacionales en la movilización por el agua en la Cuenca de México, 2005-2009

Este artículo presenta un análisis de las redes informales inter-organizacionales tanto al interior de la movilización por el agua en la Cuenca de México como con su contexto organizativo. Estas redes se basan en vínculos de cooperación y de reconocimiento básicos para el desarrollo y el mantenimiento de los procesos colectivos de un movimiento social. Dichos procesos incluyen la producción de identidades comunes, de significados compartidos y la realización de acciones colectivas. Los resultados principales indican que la movilización cumple con las características estructurales básicas para configurar un movimiento social con vocación de permanencia frente al orden social actual en materia del agua en la región.This paper presents a social network analysis within the water social movement organizations at México’s basin, and also with movement’s organitazional context. These networks are inter-oganizational cooperation and appreciation ties based. These relations represent some of the foundamental collective procceses for social movement development and survival. These processes include share identities and meanings production and collective’s action movilization. Finally, this paper concludes that water social movement at Mexico’s basin fulfill the basics structural contiditions as a long term vocation social movement

The highest-speed local dark matter particles come from the Large Magellanic Cloud

Using N-body simulations of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC's) passage through the Milky Way (MW), tailored to reproduce observed kinematic properties of both galaxies, we show that the high-speed tail of the Solar Neighborhood dark matter distribution is overwhelmingly of LMC origin. Two populations contribute at high speeds: 1) Particles that were once bound to the LMC, and 2) MW halo particles that have been accelerated owing to the response of the halo to the recent passage of the LMC. These particles reach speeds of 700-900 km/s with respect to the Earth, near or somewhat higher that the local escape speed of the MW. The high-speed particles follow trajectories similar to the Solar reflex motion, with peak velocities reached in June. For low-mass dark matter, these high-speed particles can dominate the signal in direct-detection experiments, extending the reach of the experiments to lower mass and elastic scattering cross sections even with existing data sets. Our study shows that even non-disrupted MW satellite galaxies can leave a significant dark matter footprint in the Solar Neighborhood.Open access articleThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

La lectura est?tica como estrategia para fortalecer la comprensi?n lectora en los estudiantes del grado segundo del colegio Sagrado Coraz?n

94 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEl presente proyecto titulado ?La lectura est?tica como estrategia para fortalecer la comprensi?n lectora en los estudiantes del grado Segundo del Colegio Sagrado Coraz?n?, es producto de una investigaci?n cualitativa (estudio de caso) semestre a semestre, aplicado a una poblaci?n de 98 estudiantes que oscilan entre los 6 y lo 8 a?os de edad; se utilizaron instrumentos de recolecci?n como: observaci?n, diario de campo, entrevista semiestructurada, estudio de caso, grupos focales y matrices DOFA; con el fin de cualificar la comprensi?n lectora por medio de la Lectura est?tica, se incentiv? la imaginaci?n, la autonom?a y la creatividad en los estudiantes. Se encontr? una problem?tica focalizada en la predominaci?n de la lectura eferente en las aulas de clase, minimizando el goce est?tico. La fundamentaci?n te?rica del proceso investigativo, se asienta en los planteamientos de los siguientes autores: Rosenblatt (2010). Lectura Est?tica; Goodman (1990). Lenguaje integral; Ausubel (1983) Aprendizaje significativo; Jolibert (1995). Formar Ni?os lectores de Textos; P?rez (1992). La lectura es un proceso cognoscitivo; Ley General de educaci?n 115 (1994) Constituci?n Pol?tica de Colombia (1991); Lineamientos Curriculares de Lengua Castellana (1998) y Est?ndares B?sicos de Competencias del Lenguaje. MEN, s.f. Posteriormente, se implement? una propuesta pedag?gica con talleres tales como: taller 1: ?Cu?ntame mi cuento?, taller 2: ?M?tete en el cuento? taller 3: ?Goz?ndome en el cuento? y finalmente Taller 4 ?Mu?strame tu cuento?. La aplicaci?n de estos permiti? fortalecer la Lectura Est?tica y desarrollar la comprensi?n lectora. Para el contraste de secuelas se utilizaron rejillas, que permitieron un an?lisis general de resultados.This project entitled " aesthetic reading as a strategy to strengthen reading comprehension in grade students Second Sacred Heart College " is the product of a qualitative research ( case study ) semester to semester , applied to a population of 98 students range from ( 6-8) years old; collection instruments were used as observation, field diary , semi-structured interviews , case studies , focus groups and SWOT matrices ; in order to qualify reading comprehension through reading aesthetics , imagination , autonomy and creativity in students is encouraged . a problematic focused on the dominance of the efferent reading in the classroom was found , minimizing the aesthetic enjoyment. The theoretical foundation of the research process is based on the statements of the following authors: Rosenblatt (2010). A esthetic Reading; Goodman (1990). Whole language; Ausubel (1983) Meaningful learning; Jolibert (1995). Children from readers Texts; Perez (1992). Reading is a cognitive process; General Education Law 115 (1994) Constitution of Colombia (1991); Spanish Language Curriculum Guidelines (1998) and Basic Skills Standards Language. MEN, S. F. Workshop 1: "Tell my story," Workshop 2: "Get in the story" workshop 3: "Rejoicing in the story" and finally Workshop 4 "Show me your story" The application then a pedagogical proposal with workshops such as implemented these allowed Reading Aesthetics strengthen and develop reading comprehension. For the contrast of sequels grids were used, which allowed an overall analysis of results. Keywords: Reading, aesthetics, understanding, meaning, enjoyment, feelings

Conformational effects on the pro-S hydrogen abstraction reaction in cyclooxygenase-1: an integrated QM/MM and MD study

A key step in the cyclooxygenase reaction cycle of cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) is abstraction of the pro-S hydrogen atom of the arachidonic acid by a radical that is formed at the protein residue Tyr-385. Here we investigate this reaction step by a quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics approach in combination with molecular-dynamics simulations. The simulations identify the hydrogen abstraction angle as a crucial geometric determinant of the reaction, thus revealing the importance of the cyclooxygenase active site for calculating the potential energy surface of the reaction

Plasma cytokines as potential biomarkers of kidney damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus is a heterogeneous chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by an exacerbated expression of cytokines and chemokines in different tissues and organs. Renal involvement is a significant contributor to the morbidity and mortality of systemic lupus erythematosus, and its diagnosis is based on renal biopsy, an invasive procedure with a high risk of complications. Therefore, the development of alternative, non-invasive diagnostic tests for kidney disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is a priority. Aim: To evaluate the plasma levels of a panel of cytokines and chemokines using multiplex xMAP technology in a cohort of Colombian patients with active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus, and to evaluate their potential as biomarkers of renal involvement. Results: Plasma from 40 systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis patients and 80 lupus nephritis patients with different levels of renal involvement were analyzed for 39 cytokines using Luminex xMAP technology. Lupus nephritis patients had significantly increased plasma eotaxin, TNF-a, interleukin-17-a, interleukin-10, and interleukin-15 as compared to the systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis group. Macrophage-derived chemokine, growth regulated oncogene alpha, and epidermal growth factor were significantly elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis patients when compared to lupus nephritis individuals. Plasma eotaxin levels allowed a discrimination between systemic lupus erythematosus non-nephritis and lupus nephritis patients, for which we performed a receiver operating characteristic curve to confirm. We observed a correlation of eotaxin levels with active nephritis (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index). Our data indicate that circulating cytokines and chemokines could be considered good predictors of renal involvement in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus

Adaptation, reliability and validity of a Brief Multicomponent AIDS Phobia Scale (MAPS) in Colombian adolescents

La fobia al sida consiste en un miedo persistente, anormal e injustificado a contraer el VIH. Uno de los instrumentos disponibles para evaluar la fobia al sida es la Multicomponent AIDS Phobia Scale (MAPS). El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validar la MAPS en adolescentes colombianos. Participaron 859 estudiantes entre 14-19 años respondiendo a la MAPS y otros autoinformes para analizar su validez (conocimientos sobre las ITS, actitud hacia el VIH y ansiedad por la salud). El análisis factorial confirmó la estructura bifactorial (F1: miedo a la infección y F2: miedo a otros), de acuerdo con la versión original. Se obtuvo evidencias de fiabilidad y validez consistentes con la teoría. La aplicación de la MAPS es idónea para evaluar miedo al VIH/sida y estudiar su relación con factores de riesgo sexual (uso de condón, múltiples parejas sexuales) a nivel investigador y comunitario en Colombia. También puede ser útil para evaluar el impacto de campañas sociales para reducir el estigma hacia el VIH y programas de prevención dirigidos a promover una sexualidad saludable en adolescentes mediante la transmisión de conocimientos adecuados y actitudes más tolerantes hacia las personas que viven con VIH.The AIDS phobia is a persistent, abnormal and unjustified fear of contracting HIV. The objective of this study was to adapt and validate MAPS in Colombian adolescents. Participants included 856 students aged 14-19 years who responded to the MAPS and other self-reports to analyze its validity (including knowledge about STIs, attitude towards HIV and health anxiety). Factor analysis confirmed the bifactorial structure (F1: fear of infection and F2: fear of others), according to the original version. Evidence of reliability and validity was obtained consistently with the theory. The application of MAPS is appropriate for assessing fear of HIV/AIDS and to study its relationship with sexual risk factors (e.g. condom use, multiple sexual partners) at research and community levels in Colombia. It also can be useful for assessing the impact of social campaigns to reduce stigma towards HIV and prevention programs aimed at promoting healthy sexuality in adolescents through the transmission of adequate knowledge and more favorable attitudes toward people living with HI

HLA II class alleles in juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients with and without temporomandibular joint arthritis

Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Davidsone et al. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis is seen very often (38-87 %) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). With contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) we can detect more cases of TMJ arthritis than ever before. Previous studies show that HLA II class alleles may have protective or risk importance in JIA subtypes. Our objective is to identify HLA II class alleles of risk and protection in JIA patients with TMJ arthritis. Methods: During the period from 2010 to 2015 MRI for TMJ was performed in 85 JIA patients who were genotyped for HLA- DRB1; DQB1 and DQA1 using RT-PCR with sequence-specific primers. As a control group, data of 100 individuals were taken from the genetic bank of RSU Joint Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Immunogenetics. Associations of DRB1; DQB1; DQA1 alleles in patients were examined individually using the χ 2 test. P-value (<0.05) and odds ratio were calculated using EPI INFO 6.0 software. Results: Out of 85 JIA patients with mean age of 13.7 ± 3.0 years (range 6.9-17.9 years), 59 (69 %) were girls and 26 (31 %) were boys. The mean duration of the disease was 3.07 ± 2.35 years (range 0.2-11.0 year). JIA subtypes were as follows: seronegative polyarthritis 51 (60 %), seropositive polyarthritis 6(7 %), oligoarthritis extended 7(8 %), oligoarthritis persistent 2 (2 %) arthritis with enthesitis 14 (17 %), undifferentiated 3 (4 %) and 2 (2 %) systemic arthritis. Two groups where separated after TMJ MRI exam: first with at least two signs of active inflammation and/or any structural damage (n = 62); second with no pathologic signs or with slight contrast enhancement (n = 23). We discovered that there are risk alleles that are found in all JIA patient's groups (MRI positive and negative groups) versus controls such as DRB1*07:01, DQB1*03:03; DQB1*05:01. Also some protective alleles as DRB1*18:01, DQB1*06:02-8 were found in overall JIA group. Alleles DRB1*12:01, DQB1*03:01; DQA1*05:01 were found to be protective for TMJ arthrits. Conclusion: In our study there were no convincing risk alleles, but there are alleles that probably are protective for TMJ arthritis like DRB1*12:01, DQB1*03:01; DQA1*05:01.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Patterns of Sequence Divergence and Evolution of the S1 Orthologous Regions between Asian and African Cultivated Rice Species

A strong postzygotic reproductive barrier separates the recently diverged Asian and African cultivated rice species, Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima. Recently a model of genetic incompatibilities between three adjacent loci: S1A, S1 and S1B (called together the S1 regions) interacting epistatically, was postulated to cause the allelic elimination of female gametes in interspecific hybrids. Two candidate factors for the S1 locus (including a putative F-box gene) were proposed, but candidates for S1A and S1B remained undetermined. Here, to better understand the basis of the evolution of regions involved in reproductive isolation, we studied the genic and structural changes accumulated in the S1 regions between orthologous sequences. First, we established an 813 kb genomic sequence in O. glaberrima, covering completely the S1A, S1 and the majority of the S1B regions, and compared it with the orthologous regions of O. sativa. An overall strong structural conservation was observed, with the exception of three isolated regions of disturbed collinearity: (1) a local invasion of transposable elements around a putative F-box gene within S1, (2) the multiple duplication and subsequent divergence of the same F-box gene within S1A, (3) an interspecific chromosomal inversion in S1B, which restricts recombination in our O. sativa×O. glaberrima crosses. Beside these few structural variations, a uniform conservative pattern of coding sequence divergence was found all along the S1 regions. Hence, the S1 regions have undergone no drastic variation in their recent divergence and evolution between O. sativa and O. glaberrima, suggesting that a small accumulation of genic changes, following a Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller (BDM) model, might be involved in the establishment of the sterility barrier. In this context, genetic incompatibilities involving the duplicated F-box genes as putative candidates, and a possible strengthening step involving the chromosomal inversion might participate to the reproductive barrier between Asian and African rice species

Designer Lipid-Like Peptides: A Class of Detergents for Studying Functional Olfactory Receptors Using Commercial Cell-Free Systems

A crucial bottleneck in membrane protein studies, particularly G-protein coupled receptors, is the notorious difficulty of finding an optimal detergent that can solubilize them and maintain their stability and function. Here we report rapid production of 12 unique mammalian olfactory receptors using short designer lipid-like peptides as detergents. The peptides were able to solubilize and stabilize each receptor. Circular dichroism showed that the purified olfactory receptors had alpha-helical secondary structures. Microscale thermophoresis suggested that the receptors were functional and bound their odorants. Blot intensity measurements indicated that milligram quantities of each olfactory receptor could be produced with at least one peptide detergent. The peptide detergents' capability was comparable to that of the detergent Brij-35. The ability of 10 peptide detergents to functionally solubilize 12 olfactory receptors demonstrates their usefulness as a new class of detergents for olfactory receptors, and possibly other G-protein coupled receptors and membrane proteins.United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA-HR0011-09-C-0012)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Undergraduate Research Opportunities Progra