653 research outputs found
"Sign in with ... Privacy'': Timely Disclosure of Privacy Differences among Web SSO Login Options
The number of login options on web sites has increased since the introduction
of web single sign-on (SSO) protocols. Web SSO services allow users to grant
web sites or relying parties (RPs) access to their personal profile information
from identity provider (IdP) accounts. Many RP sites do not provide sufficient
privacy information that could help users make informed login decisions.
Moreover, privacy differences in permission requests across login options are
largely hidden from users and are time-consuming to manually extract and
compare. In this paper, we present an empirical analysis of popular RP
implementations supporting three major IdP login options (Facebook, Google, and
Apple) and categorize RPs in the top 500 sites into four client-side code
patterns. Informed by these RP patterns, we design and implement SSOPrivateEye
(SPEye), a browser extension prototype that extracts and displays to users
permission request information from SSO login options in RPs covering the three
IdPs
Influences of Displaying Permission-related Information on Web Single Sign-On Login Decisions
Web users are increasingly presented with multiple login options, including
password-based login and common web single sign-on (SSO) login options such as
"Login with Google" and "Login with Facebook". There has been little focus in
previous studies on how users choose from a list of login options and how to
better inform users about privacy issues in web SSO systems. In this paper, we
conducted a 200-participant study to understand factors that influence
participants' login decisions, and how they are affected by displaying
permission differences across login options; permissions in SSO result in
release of user personal information to third-party web sites through SSO
identity providers. We compare and report on login decisions made by
participants before and after viewing permission-related information, examine
self-reported responses for reasons related to their login decisions, and
report on the factors that motivated their choices. We find that usability
preferences and inertia causes (habituation) were among the dominant factors
influencing login decisions. After participants viewed permission-related
information, many prioritised privacy over other factors, changing their login
decisions to more privacy-friendly alternatives. Displaying permission-related
information also influenced some participants to make tradeoffs between privacy
and usability preferences
Enhanced Practical Photosynthetic CO₂ Mitigation
This process is unique in photosynthetic carbon sequestration. An on-site biological sequestration system directly decreases the concentration of carbon-containing compounds in the emissions of fossil generation units. In this process, photosynthetic microbes are attached to a growth surface arranged in a containment chamber that is lit by solar photons. A harvesting system ensures maximum organism growth and rate of CO2 uptake. Soluble carbon and nitrogen concentrations delivered to the cyanobacteria are enhanced, further increasing growth rate and carbon utilization
Flow-Controlling Header
An apparatus and method for holding a membrane, screen or other flexible planar body in tension, while providing a conduit for water or other liquid to flow to the membrane being held. The membrane extends from inside a manifold body that carries the liquid, and the manifold body supports the membrane at one edge while the membrane is pulled in tension. Liquid pressure builds up inside the manifold body, preferably by entering a pressure chamber at the top of the manifold body. At a feeding pressure in the pressure chamber the liquid is distributed to the membrane for microbe growth. The liquid can be elevated to a higher, microbe-harvesting pressure by increasing the pressure in the pressure chamber, thereby deflecting a shim separating the pressure chamber from the membrane. The change in pressure is carried out by manually or automatically opening and closing a conventional water valve
Apparatus and Method for Growing Biological Organisms for Fuel and Other Purposes
A bioreactor apparatus in which a container has sidewalls, a floor and a ceiling defining a chamber that contains a slurry of water, nutrients and photosynthetic microorganisms. A plurality of optical fibers, each of which has a first end disposed outside the chamber and a second end in the mixture. A light collector spaced from the container has light incident on it and focuses the light onto the first ends of the plurality of optical fibers, thereby permitting the light to be conveyed into the mixture to promote photosynthesis. At least one nozzle is in fluid communication with a source of gas, such as exhaust gas from a fossil-fuel burning power plant containing carbon dioxide. The nozzle is disposed in the mixture beneath the second ends of the optical fibers for injecting the gas into the mixture
TLR3-Induced Placental miR-210 Down-Regulates the STAT6/Interleukin-4 Pathway
Several clinical studies have reported increased placental miR-210 expression in women with PE compared to normotensive women, but whether miR-210 plays a role in the etiology of PE is unknown. We reported that activation of TLR3 produces the PE-like symptoms of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and proteinuria in mice only when pregnant, but whether TLR3 activation in pregnant mice and human cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) increases miR-210 and modulates its targets related to inflammation are unknown. Placental miR-210 levels were increased significantly in pregnant mice treated with the TLR3 agonist poly I:C (P-PIC). Both HIF-1α and NF-κBp50, known to bind the miR-210 promoter and induce its expression, were also increased significantly in placentas of P-PIC mice. Target identification algorithms and gene ontology predicted STAT6 as an inflammation-related target of miR-210 and STAT6 was decreased significantly in placentas of P-PIC mice. IL-4, which is regulated by STAT6 and increases during normotensive pregnancy, failed to increase in serum of P-PIC mice. P-PIC TLR3 KO mice did not develop hypertension and placental HIF-1α, NF-κBp50, miR-210, STAT6, and IL-4 levels were unchanged. To determine the placental etiology, treatment of human CTBs with poly I:C significantly increased HIF-1α, NF-κBp50, and miR-210 levels and decreased STAT6 and IL-4 levels. Overexpression of miR-210 in CTBs decreased STAT6 and IL-4 while inhibition of miR-210 increased STAT6 and IL-4. These findings demonstrate that TLR3 activation induces placental miR-210 via HIF-1α and NF-κBp50 leading to decreased STAT6 and IL-4 levels and this may contribute to the development of PE
Comparative Analysis of the Frequency and Distribution of Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Adult Mouse Brain
cells (NSCs) and progenitor cells, but it cannot discriminate
between these two populations. Given two assays
have purported to overcome this shortfall, we performed
a comparative analysis of the distribution and frequency
of NSCs and progenitor cells detected in 400 m coronal
segments along the ventricular neuraxis of the adult
mouse brain using the neurosphere assay, the neural
colony forming cell assay (N-CFCA), and label-retaining
cell (LRC) approach. We observed a large variation in the
number of progenitor/stem cells detected in serial sections
along the neuraxis, with the number of neurosphereforming
cells detected in individual 400 m sections varying
from a minimum of eight to a maximum of 891
depending upon the rostral-caudal coordinate assayed.
Moreover, the greatest variability occurred in the rostral
portion of the lateral ventricles, thereby explaining the
large variation in neurosphere frequency previously reported.
Whereas the overall number of neurospheres
(3730 276) or colonies (4275 124) we detected along
the neuraxis did not differ significantly, LRC numbers
were significantly reduced (1186 188, 7 month chase) in
comparison to both total colonies and neurospheres.
Moreover, approximately two orders of magnitude fewer
NSC-derived colonies (50 10) were detected using the
N-CFCA as compared to LRCs. Given only 5% of the
LRCs are cycling (BrdU/Ki-67) or competent to divide
(BrdU/Mcm-2), and proliferate upon transfer to culture,
it is unclear whether this technique selectively detects
endogenous NSCs. Overall, caution should be taken
with the interpretation and employment of all these techniques
Is There Evidence That Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Reduce Cardiovascular Morbidity/Mortality? Yes
Athough type 2 diabetes is a heterogeneous condition encompassing multiple metabolic and vascular alterations, it can be easily described as a disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Hyperglycemia is the diagnostic criterion for diabetes, the target for antidiabetic therapy, and, together with A1C, the marker of glycemic control. Progressive worsening of glycemic control has been described in type 2 diabetic patients irrespective of initial form of treatment, leading the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) investigators to describe such changes as the “natural history” of the disease ( 1). Still, maintaining good glycemic control is crucial, since it is associated with marked reduction in the risk of developing retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in both type 1 ( 2) and type 2 diabetic patients ( 1). But it is CV disease that worsens long-term prognosis in type 2 diabetes ( 3), to the point that diabetes has been proposed as a CV risk equivalent owed to the observation that 10-year risk for major coronary events approximates the risk in CHD in patients without diabetes with previous CV events ( 4), increased case fatality rate after myocardial infarction, and worse overall prognosis after CHD ( 5). In diabetic patients, even after correction for known CV risk factors, the incidence of myocardial infarction or stroke is two- to threefold higher than in the nondiabetic population, with a twofold increase in risk of death ( 6), suggesting that some feature of diabetes must confer excessive propensity toward CV disease.
Can this feature be hyperglycemia? No better issue can be chosen for debate. From an epidemiological point of view, there is evidence that the risk of CV mortality increases with the increase of plasma glucose concentrations ( 7) and A1C values ( 8). Moreover, multiple atherogenic mechanisms have been identified that can be activated by hyperglycemia ( 9)
Effects of Prandial Versus Fasting Glycemia on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: The HEART2D trial
OBJECTIVE—Hyperglycemia and Its Effect After Acute Myocardial Infarction on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (HEART2D) is a multinational, randomized, controlled trial designed to compare the effects of prandial versus fasting glycemic control on risk for cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes after acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
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