292,504 research outputs found
High Frequency Dynamics and Third Cumulant of Quantum Noise
The existence of the third cumulant of voltage fluctuations has
demonstrated the non-Gaussian aspect of shot noise in electronic transport.
Until now, measurements have been performed at low frequency, \textit{i.e.} in
the classical regime where voltage fluctuations arise
from charge transfer process. We report here the first measurement of at
high frequency, in the quantum regime . In this
regime, experiment cannot be seen as a charge counting statistics problem
anymore. It raises central questions of the statistics of quantum noise: 1) the
electromagnetic environment of the sample has been proven to strongly influence
the measurement, through the possible modulation of the noise of the sample.
What happens to this mechanism in the quantum regime? 2) For , the noise is due to zero point fluctuations and keeps its equilibrium
value: with the conductance of the sample. Therefore,
is independent of the bias voltage and no photon is emitted by the
conductor. Is it possible, as suggested by some theories, that in
this regime? With regard to these questions, we give theoretical and
experimental answers to the environmental effects showing that they involve
dynamics of the quantum noise. Using these results, we investigate the question
of the third cumulant of quantum noise in the a tunnel junction
Fractional generalization of Fick's law: a microscopic approach
In the study of transport in inhomogeneous systems it is common to construct
transport equations invoking the inhomogeneous Fick law. The validity of this
approach requires that at least two ingredients be present in the system.
First, finite characteristic length and time scales associated to the dominant
transport process must exist. Secondly, the transport mechanism must satisfy a
microscopic symmetry: global reversibility. Global reversibility is often
satisfied in nature. However, many complex systems exhibit a lack of finite
characteristic scales. In this Letter we show how to construct a generalization
of the inhomogeneous Fick law that does not require the existence of
characteristic scales while still satisfying global reversibility.Comment: 4 pages. Published versio
An Inner Gaseous Disk around the Herbig Be Star MWC 147
We present high-spectral-resolution, optical spectra of the Herbig Be star
MWC 147, in which we spectrally resolve several emission lines, including the
[O I] lines at 6300 and 6363\deg. Their highly symmetric, double-peaked line
profiles indicate that the emission originates in a rotating circumstellar
disk. We deconvolve the Doppler-broadened [O I] emission lines to obtain a
measure of emission as a function of distance from the central star. The
resulting radial surface brightness profiles are in agreement with a disk
structure consisting of a flat, inner, gaseous disk and a flared, outer, dust
disk. The transition between these components at 2 to 3 AU corresponds to the
estimated dust sublimation radius. The width of the double-peaked Mg II line at
4481\deg suggests that the inner disk extends to at least 0.10 AU, close to the
corotation radius.Comment: accepted for ApJ Letters (Oct. 2010
Single-Particle Self-Excited Oscillator
Electronic feedback is used to self-excite the axial oscillation of a single electron in a Penning trap. Large, stable, easily detected oscillations arise even in an anharmonic potential. Amplitudes are controlled by adjusting the feedback gain, and frequencies can be made nearly independent of amplitude fluctuations. Quantum jump spectroscopy of a perpendicular cyclotron motion reveals the absolute temperature and amplitude of the self-excited oscillation. The possibility to quickly measure parts per billion frequency shifts could open the way to improved measurements of e-, e+, p, and [overline p] magnetic moments
A cell growth model revisited
In this paper a stochastic model for the simultaneous growth and division
of a cell-population cohort structured by size is formulated. This probabilistic approach
gives straightforward proof of the existence of the steady-size distribution and a simple
derivation of the functional-differential equation for it. The latter one is the celebrated
pantograph equation (of advanced type). This firmly establishes the existence of the
steady-size distribution and gives a form for it in terms of a sequence of probability distribution functions. Also it shows that the pantograph equation is a key equation for other situations where there is a distinct stochastic framework
The utility of NBS profiling for plant systematics: a first study in tuber-bearing Solanum species
Systematic relationships are important criteria for researchers and breeders to select materials. We evaluated a novel molecular technique, nucleotide binding site (NBS) profiling, for its potential in phylogeny reconstruction. NBS profiling produces multiple markers in resistance genes and their analogs (RGAs). Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a crop with a large secondary genepool, which contains many important traits that can be exploited in breeding programs. In this study we used a set of over 100 genebank accessions, representing 49 tuber-bearing wild and cultivated Solanum species. NBS profiling was compared to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Cladistic and phenetic analyses showed that the two techniques had similar resolving power and delivered trees with a similar topology. However, the different statistical tests used to demonstrate congruency of the trees were inconclusive. Visual inspection of the trees showed that, especially at the lower level, many accessions grouped together in the same way in both trees; at the higher level, when looking at the more basal nodes, only a few groups were well supported. Again this was similar for both techniques. The observation that higher level groups were poorly supported might be due to the nature of the material and the way the species evolved. The similarity of the NBS and AFLP results indicate that the role of disease resistance in speciation is limite
Cross sections for ionization in collisions between excited nitrogen molecules and argon atoms, oxygen molecules, and nitric oxide molecules
Ionization cross sections in collisions between excited nitrogen molecules and argon atoms, oxygen molecules, and nitric oxide molecule
Punitive sanctions and the transition from welfare to work
social welfare;employment;labour policy;job search
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