Transformational leadership and R&D workers' multiple commitments: Do justice and span of control matter?

This study examines how transformational leaders influence research and development (R&D) workers' commitment to their organizations and leaders. The study investigates the mediating role of organizational justice (i.e., procedural and interactional) based on social exchange theory and the moderating role of span of control in this relationship. In a sample of 445 Turkish R&D personnel, the study finds that transformational leadership significantly influences followers' organizational commitment partially through procedural justice and their supervisory commitment partially through interactional justice. Second, the findings reveal that transformational leaders boost perceptions of procedural justice and organizational commitment when the span of control is relatively narrow. Interestingly, when the span of control is large, transformational leadership has significant positive effects on supervisory commitment, but no significant effects on organizational commitment among R&D workers. © 2012 Elsevier Inc

Simple sequence repeat-based assessment of genetic diversity in 'Dimrit' and 'Gemre' grapevine accessions from Turkey

It is widely believed that Turkey has played an important role in the evolution of modern day grapes due to its unique geographical location with close proximity to the regions of grape diversity. Despite this, the rich grape germplasm found in Turkey has not been sufficiently analyzed genetically. In this study, 31 grapevine accessions from 'Dimrit' (or 'Dilmit') and 'Gemre' grape groups were genetically analyzed at eight SSR (microsatellite) loci (VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD24, VVMD27, VVMD28, VrZAG62 and VrZAG79) and for a number of ampeolographic characteristics. These analyses identified sufficient genetic diversity between these two grape groups that, in general, clustered separately in the dendrogram constructed based on the SSR data. However, the ecogeographical distribution and genetic relationship of the genotypes did not show any significant correlation. Two 'Gemre' accessions were determined as genetically identical. In addition, one case of synonym and several cases of homonym genotypes were identified. The results reported here are important first steps towards better characterization of these grape genotypes and would aid future germplasm management and breeding efforts.

Acinetobacter baumannii in intensive care unit: A novel system to study clonal relationship among the isolates

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The nosocomial infections surveillance system must be strongly effective especially in highly critic areas, such as Intensive Care Units (ICU). These areas are frequently an epidemiological epicentre for transmission of multi-resistant pathogens, like <it>Acinetobacter baumannii</it>. As an epidemic outbreak occurs it is very important to confirm or exclude the genetic relationship among the isolates in a short time. There are several molecular typing systems used with this aim. The Repetitive sequence-based PCR (REP-PCR) has been recognized as an effective method and it was recently adapted to an automated format known as the DiversiLab system.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In the present study we have evaluated the combination of a newly introduced software package for the control of hospital infection (VIGI@ct) with the DiversiLab system. In order to evaluate the reliability of the DiversiLab its results were also compared with those obtained using f-AFLP.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The combination of VIGI@ct and DiversiLab enabled an earlier identification of an <it>A. baumannii </it>epidemic cluster, through the confirmation of the genetic relationship among the isolates. This cluster regards 56 multi-drug-resistant <it>A. baumannii </it>isolates from several specimens collected from 13 different patients admitted to the ICU in a ten month period. The <it>A. baumannii </it>isolates were clonally related being their similarity included between 97 and 100%. The results of the DiversiLab were confirmed by f-AFLP analysis.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The early identification of the outbreak has led to the prompt application of operative procedures and precautions to avoid the spread of pathogen. To date, 6 months after the last <it>A. baumannii </it>isolate, no other related case has been identified.</p

Genetic Variants For Head Size Share Genes and Pathways With Cancer

The size of the human head is highly heritable, but genetic drivers of its variation within the general population remain unmapped. We perform a genome-wide association study on head size (N = 80,890) and identify 67 genetic loci, of which 50 are novel. Neuroimaging studies show that 17 variants affect specific brain areas, but most have widespread effects. Gene set enrichment is observed for various cancers and the p53, Wnt, and ErbB signaling pathways. Genes harboring lead variants are enriched for macrocephaly syndrome genes (37-fold) and high-fidelity cancer genes (9-fold), which is not seen for human height variants. Head size variants are also near genes preferentially expressed in intermediate progenitor cells, neural cells linked to evolutionary brain expansion. Our results indicate that genes regulating early brain and cranial growth incline to neoplasia later in life, irrespective of height. This warrants investigation of clinical implications of the link between head size and cancer

Strong hydrogen bonded supramolecular architecture in a crystal of the {3-[2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl] propyl} diethylamine cation with the hydrogen bonded chloride hydrate anion (halides) assembly: X-ray structure, DFT calculations, Hirshfeld surface analysis

The crystal structure of {3-[2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-methoxy-1-benzofuran-5-yl] propyl} diethylamine hydrohloride hydrate [C23H28NO4]+•[H2OCl]– is determined. The molecular geometrical parameters, frontier molecular orbital energies (HOMO, LUMO), their energy gap (?E), molecular electrostatic potential analysis of the compound are calculated by DFT/B3LYP at the 6-311G(d,p) level. The benzofuran and benzodioxo ring systems, except the diethylamine group, are essentially planar and a dihedral angle between the ring systems is 7.38(14)°. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with a = 15.230(4) Å, b = 11.418(2) Å, c = 12.880(3) Å, ß = 94.56(3)°, V = 2232.8(9) Å3, Dcalc = 1.297g/cm3, Z = 4. The hydrogen bonded Cl and H2O are self-assembled to form a supramolecular array of strong N–H…Cl and O–H…Cl bifurcated hydrogen bonds making tetramers which consist of a fused four-membered ring with a graph-set descriptor and a pseudo cyclic centrosymmetric R2 2(8) ring motif. The hybrid dihalide-dihydrate clusters of [Cl2(H2O)2]2– are observed, too. The supramolecular crystal packing is consolidated by these bifurcated hydrogen bonds and the stacking of the sheet through strong ?…? interactions. Moreover, the intra chain hydrogen bonds form intermolecular and intramolecular C–H…O hydrogen bonds, and the 1D supramolecular array is organized by C–H…? interactions. The contacts in the crystal structure are analyzed using the Hirshfeld surfaces computational method. The calculated geometrical parameters are in good agreement with the single crystal XRD data. © 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd