5,069 research outputs found
Spin Versus Charge Density Wave Order in Graphene-like Systems
A variational technique is used to study sublattice symmetry breaking by
strong on-site and nearest neighbor interactions in graphene. When interactions
are strong enough to break sublattice symmetry, and with relative strengths
characteristic of graphene, a charge density wave Mott insulator is favored
over the spin density wave condensates. In the spin density wave condensate we
find that introduction of a staggered on-site energy (quasiparticle mass) leads
to a splitting of the fermi velocities and mass gaps of the quasiparticle spin
states.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; some comments adde
Measurement of neutrino oscillation with KamLAND: Evidence of spectral distortion
We present results of a study of neutrino oscillation based on a 766 ton/year exposure of KamLAND to reactor antineutrinos. We observe 258 v_e candidate events with energies above 3.4 MeV compared to 365.2±23.7 events expected in the absence of neutrino oscillation. Accounting for 17.8±7.3 expected background events, the statistical significance for reactor v_e over bar (e) disappearance is 99.998%. The observed energy spectrum disagrees with the expected spectral shape in the absence of neutrino oscillation at 99.6% significance and prefers the distortion expected from v_e oscillation effects. A two-neutrino oscillation analysis of the KamLAND data gives Δm^2=7.9_(-0.5)^(+0.6)x10^(-5) eV^2. A global analysis of data from KamLAND and solar-neutrino experiments yields
Δm^2=7.9_(-0.5)^(+0.6)x10^(-5) eV^2 and tan^2θ=0.40_(-0.07)^(+0.10), the most precise determination to date
Localized Endomorphisms of the Chiral Ising Model
Based on the treatment of the chiral Ising model by Mack and Schomerus, we
present examples of localized endomorphisms and
. It is shown that they lead to the same
superselection sectors as the global ones in the sense that unitary equivalence
and holds. Araki's formalism of the selfdual CAR algebra is
used for the proof. We prove local normality and extend representations and
localized endomorphisms to a global algebra of observables which is generated
by local von Neumann algebras on the punctured circle. In this framework, we
manifestly prove fusion rules and derive statistics operators.Comment: 41 pages, latex2
The Measurement Process in Local Quantum Theory and the EPR Paradox
We describe in a qualitative way a possible picture of the Measurement
Process in Quantum Mechanics, which takes into account: 1. the finite and non
zero time duration T of the interaction between the observed system and the
microscopic part of the measurement apparatus; 2. the finite space size R of
that apparatus; 3. the fact that the macroscopic part of the measurement
apparatus, having the role of amplifying the effect of that interaction to a
macroscopic scale, is composed by a very large but finite number N of
particles. The conventional picture of the measurement, as an instantaneous
action turning a pure state into a mixture, arises only in the limit in which N
and R tend to infinity, and T tends to 0. We sketch here a proposed scheme,
which still ought to be made mathematically precise in order to analyse its
implications and to test it in specific models, where we argue that in Quantum
Field Theory this picture should apply to the unique time evolution expressing
the dynamics of a given theory, and should comply with the Principle of
Locality. We comment on the Einstein Podolski Rosen thought experiment (partly
modifying the discussion on this point in an earlier version of this note),
reformulated here only in terms of local observables (rather than global ones,
as one particle or polarisation observables). The local picture of the
measurement process helps to make it clear that there is no conflict with the
Principle of Locality.Comment: 18 page
^{115}In-NQR evidence for unconventional superconductivity in CeIn_3 under pressure
We report evidence for unconventional superconductivity in CeIn_3 at a
pressure P = 2.65 GPa above critical pressure (P_c ~ 2.5 GPa) revealed by the
measurements of nuclear-spin-lattice-relaxation time (T_1) and
ac-susceptibility (ac-chi). Both the measurements of T_1 and ac-chi have
pointed to a superconducting transition at T_c = 95 mK, which is much lower
than an onset temperature T_{onset} = 0.15 K at zero resistance. The
temperature dependence of 1/T_1 shows no coherence peak just below T_c,
indicative of an unconventional nature for the superconductivity induced in
CeIn_3.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys.Rev.
Nonzero and Neutrino Masses from Modified Neutrino Mixing Matrix
The nonzero and relatively large have been reported by Daya
Bay, T2K, MINOS, and Double Chooz Collaborations. In order to accommodate the
nonzero , we modified the tribimaximal (TB), bimaxima (BM), and
democratic (DC) neutrino mixing matrices. From three modified neutrino mixing
matrices, two of them (the modified BM and DC mixing matrices) can give nonzero
which is compatible with the result of the Daya Bay and T2K
experiments. The modified TB neutrino mixing matrix predicts the value of
greater than the upper bound value of the latest experimental
results. By using the modified neutrino mixing matrices and impose an
additional assumption that neutrino mass matrices have two zeros texture, we
then obtain the neutrino mass in normal hierarchy when
for the neutrino mass matrix from the
modified TB neutrino mixing matrix and for
the neutrino mass matrix from the modified DC neutrino mixing matrix. For these
two patterns of neutrino mass matrices, either the atmospheric mass squared
difference or the solar mass squared difference can be obtained, but not both
of them simultaneously. From four patterns of two zeros texture to be
considered on the obtained neutrino mass matrix from the modified BM neutrino
mixing matrix, none of them can predict correctly neutrino mass spectrum
(normal or inverted hierarchy).Comment: 13 pages, no figure, some references added, and slight revision due
to reviewer(s) comments, to be published in IJMP
The role of infrared divergence for decoherence
Continuous and discrete superselection rules induced by the interaction with
the environment are investigated for a class of exactly soluble Hamiltonian
models. The environment is given by a Boson field. Stable superselection
sectors emerge if and only if the low frequences dominate and the ground state
of the Boson field disappears due to infrared divergence. The models allow
uniform estimates of all transition matrix elements between different
superselection sectors.Comment: 11 pages, extended and simplified proo
Identification of the protein kinases Pyk3 and Phg2 as regulators of the STATc-mediated response to hyperosmolarity
Cellular adaptation to changes in environmental osmolarity is crucial for cell survival. In Dictyostelium, STATc is a key regulator of the transcriptional response to hyperosmotic stress. Its phosphorylation and consequent activation is controlled by two signaling branches, one cGMP- and the other Ca(2+)-dependent, of which many signaling components have yet to be identified. The STATc stress signalling pathway feeds back on itself by upregulating the expression of STATc and STATc-regulated genes. Based on microarray studies we chose two tyrosine-kinase like proteins, Pyk3 and Phg2, as possible modulators of STATc phosphorylation and generated single and double knock-out mutants to them. Transcriptional regulation of STATc and STATc dependent genes was disturbed in pyk3(-), phg2(-), and pyk3(-)/phg2(-) cells. The absence of Pyk3 and/or Phg2 resulted in diminished or completely abolished increased transcription of STATc dependent genes in response to sorbitol, 8-Br-cGMP and the Ca(2+) liberator BHQ. Also, phospho-STATc levels were significantly reduced in pyk3(-) and phg2(-) cells and even further decreased in pyk3(-)/phg2(-) cells. The reduced phosphorylation was mirrored by a significant delay in nuclear translocation of GFP-STATc. The protein tyrosine phosphatase 3 (PTP3), which dephosphorylates and inhibits STATc, is inhibited by stress-induced phosphorylation on S448 and S747. Use of phosphoserine specific antibodies showed that Phg2 but not Pyk3 is involved in the phosphorylation of PTP3 on S747. In pull-down assays Phg2 and PTP3 interact directly, suggesting that Phg2 phosphorylates PTP3 on S747 in vivo. Phosphorylation of S448 was unchanged in phg2(-) cells. We show that Phg2 and an, as yet unknown, S448 protein kinase are responsible for PTP3 phosphorylation and hence its inhibition, and that Pyk3 is involved in the regulation of STATc by either directly or indirectly activating it. Our results add further complexities to the regulation of STATc, which presumably ensure its optimal activation in response to different environmental cues
Quantizing the damped harmonic oscillator
We consider the Fermi quantization of the classical damped harmonic
oscillator (dho). In past work on the subject, authors double the phase space
of the dho in order to close the system at each moment in time. For an
infinite-dimensional phase space, this method requires one to construct a
representation of the CAR algebra for each time. We show that unitary dilation
of the contraction semigroup governing the dynamics of the system is a logical
extension of the doubling procedure, and it allows one to avoid the
mathematical difficulties encountered with the previous method.Comment: 4 pages, no figure
Non-zero entropy density in the XY chain out of equilibrium
The von Neumann entropy density of a block of n spins is proved to be
non-zero for large n in the non-equilibrium steady state of the XY chain
constructed by coupling a finite cutout of the chain to the two infinite parts
to its left and right which act as thermal reservoirs at different
temperatures. Moreover, the non-equilibrium density is shown to be strictly
greater than the density in thermal equilibrium
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