277 research outputs found
Biodegradation of phenol by Pseudomonas pictorum on immobilized with chitin
Biodegradation of phenol using Pseudomonas pictorum (ATCC 23328) a potential biodegradant of phenol was investigated under different operating conditions. Chitin was chosen as a support material and then partially characterized physically and chemically. The pH of the solution was varied over a range of 7 – 9. The maximum adsorption and degradation capacity of bacteria immobilized with chitin at 30oC when the phenol concentration was 0.200 mg/L is at pH 7.0. The results showed that the equilibrium data for all phenol-degradation sorbent systems fitted the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson model best. Kinetic modeling of phenol degradation was done using the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate expression. The biodegradation data generally fit the intraparticle diffusion rate equation from which biodegradation rate constant, diffusion rate constant were determined
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO-MMT Nanocomposite for Antibacterial Activity Studies
ZnO oxide Nanoparticle and ZnO oxide with Montmorillonite nanocomposite were prepared by an environmentally friendly, efficient, and inexpensive method that was synthesized using the chemical method. ZnO nanoparticles as an effective antibacterial material were immobilized on the surface of montmorillonite (MMT). The objectives of this paper are to summarize our research activities in (a) developing processes to dispersenanomaterials (undoped and doped zinc oxide powders) in the polymers matrix, (b) using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques to characterize polymer matrix structures, (c) studying structure-property relationship of these types of new materials, and (d) evaluating the antibacterial performance of these materials for different applications. The results showed that the ZnO nanocomposite was uniformly dispersed in the polymer matrix and the particles remained their average size (20 - 150 nm) before incorporation into the polymer matrix.
Keywords: Zinc Oxide nanoparticle, Montmorillonite, FTIR, Antibacterial activit
Synthesis of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles: Characterization and its Biomedical Application
In the present time, Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IOMNPs) have paid considerable attention due to their exclusive applications in terms of surface-to-volume ratio, superparamagnetism, high surface area, biosensor, bio-separation, catalysis, and biomedicine. Our goal was to synthesis iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles by chemical route technique. The preparation method had a very large effect on the size, shape, and surface chemistry of the magnetic nanoparticles including their applications. The iron chloride solution was prepared by mixing deionized water with iron chloride tetrahydrate. The synthesized powder was characterized by XRD, UV-vis, SEM, FT-IR, DLS, FL, and TGA techniques. Moreover, antibacterial activity was evaluated using the synthesized IOMNPs against Escherichia coli (A), Pseudomonas (B), Enterobacter (C), Staphylococcus aureus (D), and Bacillus subtilis (E) in the concentration of 0.1 mg and 0.5 mg. The results showed that Bacillus subtilis possess a higher antibacterial activity at the concentration of 0.5 mg comparing the other bacterial species. The outcome of this work would contribute to the present understanding of the biomedical application with the obtained size, shape, and synthesized method
Green Synthesis and Characterization of Antibacterial Studies by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles using Carica papaya Leaf Extract
In present years, the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has established excessive potential in biological applications due to their non-toxic role in biological systems, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Ongoing research efforts focused on IONPs in the expansion of novel technologies as they can be synthesized with surface modification. Here we have studied the antibacterial effects of IONPs which were synthesized effectively through a green synthesis route by using leaf extract of the Carica papaya plant. The formation of IONPs was confirmed by the color change. The crystallinity of IONPs was determined by XRD and the morphology by using SEM, which showed spherical particles of well-dispersed size. The absorption peak was determined by UV–vis spectroscopy at 390 nm. Average particle size distribution was obtained at 56 nm using PSA. FL spectroscopy indicated the higher emission wavelength by redshift at 641.6 nm. TGA showed that the IONPs are thermally stable up to 200⁰C with no decomposition. The outcome would pave a way for utilizing IONPs for better biomedical application
Linear and non-linear regression analysis for the sorption kinetics of Rhodamine dye from aqueous solution using Chitosan-Jackfruit nanocomposite
This paper presents experimental results such as the adsorbate-adsorbent chemical properties and chemical interaction as well as adsorption conditions. The experimental results were fitted to batch kinetic studies to obtain the characteristic parameters of each model. According to the evaluation using the Kinetic equation, the maximum sorption capacity at dye concentration was 19.6 (mg g-1), pH 11.6 (mg g-1) and temperature 24.2 (mg g-1) Rhodamine dye were investigated. For all of the systems studied, the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order model provided the best correlation of the kinetic experimental data. The results revealed that with increasing temperature and decreasing pH, ionic strength, and adsorbate concentration, dye removal efficiency has increased. Chitosan-Jackfruit nanocomposite could remove 90.2% dye from the solution containing 40 mg/L dye at 100 min. The results indicated that dye removal followed pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2>0.99). According to the findings, Chitosan-Jackfruit nanocomposites an effective adsorbent for direct dye removal from wastewater
Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Ashyranthus aspera Extract for Antimicrobial Activity Studies
Development of biologically inspired experimental processes for the
synthesis of nanoparticles is evolving into an important branch of
nanotechnology. Plant-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials has been
increasingly gaining popularity due to its eco-friendly nature and
cost-effectiveness. In the present study, we were synthesized silver
(Ag) nanoparticles using aqueous extracts of fresh leaves of
Ashyranthus aspera medicinal plants as bio-reducing agents. UV-Vis
spectrometer used to monitor the reduction of Ag ions and the formation
of AgNPs in the medium. UV-Vis spectra and visual observation showed
that the color of the fresh leaf extracts of Ashyranthus aspera turned
into grayish-brown respectively, after treatment with Ag precursors.
XRD and SEM have been used to investigate the morphology of prepared
AgNPs. The peaks in the XRD pattern are associated with that of the
Face-Centered-Cubic (FCC) form of metallic silver. TGA/DTA results
associated with weight loss and exothermic reaction due to the
desorption of chemisorbed water. FTIR was performed to identify the
functional groups which form a layer covering AgNPs and stabilize the
AgNPs in the medium. Moreover, silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf
extracts of Ashyranthus aspera were separately tested for their
antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria ( Staphylococcus
aureus ) and Gram-negative bacteria ( Enterobacter ). The results
showed that the bacterial growth was inhibited by the extracts
containing AgNPs Nanoparticles. The biosynthesized nanoparticle was
prepared from Ashyranthus aspera leaf extracts exhibits potential
applications as broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents
Physicochemical Characteristics, Identification of Fungi and Optimization of Different Parameters for Degradation of Dye from Tannery Effluent
This study was carried out to find out the qualities of tannery
effluents with the assessment of physicochemical parameters of
effluent, isolation, and identification of fungi and their optimization
of different parameters on dye decolorization. In the present study,
various physicochemical parameters such as Color, Odor, pH, EC, TSS,
TDS, BOD, COD, Chromium, Copper, Chloride, and Sodium of untreated
tannery effluent was studied. The results of the parameters showed that
the effluent was blackish with a disagreeable odor, alkaline in pH with
a high organic and inorganic loads such as EC, TDS, BOD, COD, TSS,
Chromium, Copper, Chloride and Sodium. The physicochemical parameters
were determined as per the standards prescribed by CPCB. Four fungal
species were isolated and identified by LPCB staining namely
Aspergillus niger , Aspergillus flavus , Penicillium citrinum , and
Curvularia lunata . To test the activity of these fungi on different
dyes, experiments were carried out for the optimization of different
parameters. The maximum decolorization of dye was achieved by
Aspergillus niger. From this study, it was found that the maximum
biotransformation of dye effluent can help to solve the pollution
problem
Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO-MMT Nanocomposite for Antibacterial Activity Studies
ZnO oxide Nanoparticle and ZnO oxide with Montmorillonite nanocomposite
were prepared by an environmentally friendly, efficient, and
inexpensive method that was synthesized using the chemical method. ZnO
nanoparticles as an effective antibacterial material were immobilized
on the surface of montmorillonite (MMT). The objectives of this paper
are to summarize our research activities in (a) developing processes to
disperse nanomaterials (undoped and doped zinc oxide powders) in the
polymers matrix, (b) using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform
Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) techniques to characterize polymer
matrix structures, (c) studying structure-property relationship of
these types of new materials, and (d) evaluating the antibacterial
performance of these materials for different applications. The results
showed that the ZnO nanocomposite was uniformly dispersed in the
polymer matrix and the particles remained their average size (20 - 150
nm) before incorporation into the polymer matrix
Production of seafood flavour formulations from enzymatic hydrolysates of fish by-products
© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Amino acid-rich extracts derived from fish by-products were utilised to generate flavour model systems with added glucose and/or fish oil. Combination of endo and exo peptidases resulted in the most marked increased in free amino acids, particularly for leucine, lysine and glutamic acid (48.3 ± 3.4 to 1423.4 ± 59.6, 43.3 ± 1.2 to 1485.4 ± 25.6 and 143.6 ± 21.7 to 980.9 ± 63.6 μg/g respectively).Main volatile products formed after heating the systems were 4-heptenal, 2,4-heptadienal, and some pyrazines. Increased concentrations of 1-octen-3-ol or 1-hepten-4-ol were also observed in the heated systems compared to the controls. All of these volatile compounds have been identified among the volatile profile of cooked seafood. Conversion of low value fish derived materials such as fish powder, into more valuable products such as flavour precursors and subsequently flavour compounds might be a commercially viable proposition for the fish industry
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