Comparison of the calculated absorption and the measured field strength of HF waves reflected from the ionosphere

The absorption (L) of the wave in the ionosphere has been calculated. The 5.47MHz wave is transmitted from Ercis, Turkey (39.03°N, 43.37°E)and received at Elazıg, Turkey (38.70°N, 39.20°E). The field strength of this wave is measured by ITU-Compliant HF Field Strength Monitoring Terminal, and the absorption L in the ionosphere has been calculated. It is observed that the field strength of the wave is least around noon time and it increases at night times at all seasons. The diurnal and seasonal variations of the calculated absorption L shows that the maximum absorption in the wave occurs around noon time. The behaviour of the diurnal and seasonal variations of the field strength of the wave can be explained with the diurnal and seasonal variations of the calculated absorption L in the ionosphere. Equation (22) in this paper can be used to obtain the imaginary part (β) of the refractive index of the ionospheric plasma, and it can be applied to the HF radio waves propagations in the ionosphere for absorption L

Biologically modified microelectrode sensors provide enhanced sensitivity for detection of nucleic acid sequences from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

This paper describes improved sensitivity when using biosensors based on microfabricated microelectrodes to detect DNA, with the goal of progressing towards a low cost and mass manufacturable assay for antibiotic resistance in tuberculosis (TB). The microelectrodes gave a near 20 times improvement in sensitivity compared to polycrystalline macroelectrodes. In addition, experimental parameters such as redox mediator concentration and experimental technique were investigated and optimised. It was found that lower concentrations of redox mediator gave higher signal changes when measuring hybridisation events and, at these lower concentrations, square wave voltammetry was more sensitive and consistent than differential pulse voltammetry. Together, this paper presents a quantifiable comparison of macroelectrode and microelectrode DNA biosensors. The final assay demonstrates enhanced sensitivity through reduction of sensor size, reduction of redox mediator concentration and judicious choice of detection technique, therefore maintaining manufacturability for incorporation into point of care tests and lab-on-a-chip devices

Two solar eclipses observations in Turkey

In thispap er, the changesin the ionosphere over Turkey due to two solar eclipses are reported. TEC on the eclipse day (26 April 1976) and the intensity of an HF radio wave during itspropagation over 567 km between Ankara and Elazıˇg on the eclipse day (11 August 1999) exhibited a very marked decrease

The effect of estradiol valerate on sex reversal of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The effect of oral administration of 20 mg of estradiol valerate (E 2V) per kilogram of administered diet was studied on sex reversal in 35-day-old (average 0.32±0.02 g) rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The E2V was treated for 56 days to fry. The research was carried out totally 355 days. At the end of this time, all fish were sampled, digested and analyzed for their sex determination and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) values of the E2V and control groups were calculated. Compared to controls, there were changes in sex composition of E2V treated fish. The sex composition of E2V treated fish was found as 97% of female and 3% inter-sex. However it was found as 51 % of female and 49% male in the control fish. Gonadosomatic indices of the E2V and control groups were calculated as 0.12 and 4.21%, respectively. It was concluded that the determined application time, dose and period of E2V in this study were effective in direct feminization of rainbow trout. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Synthesis of a novel diazo functionalised oxime ligand and its Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes

N-Phenyl-3-oxo-butanamide, (1), which is used in dyes and pigment synthesis, on reaction with hydroxylamine gives N-phenyl-3-hydroxyimino-butanamide (2). This compound reacts with diazonium salts to give diazo products which coordinate to copper(II) and iron(III). The intermediate obtained from the preparation of the ligand, the ligand itself and the metal complexes were characterised by magnetic susceptibility, spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis. and microanalytical data

Regulating and monitoring marine finfish aquaculture in Turkey

P>This paper describes marine aquaculture production and the regulation thereof in Turkey. Dominated by the cage farming of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sea bream (Sparus aurata), shellfish farming is insignificant. Finfish farmers must obtain permits from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) as the main authority responsible for regulating marine finfish aquaculture. In addition, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MEF) controls the compatibility of interactions with the environment while the provincial governments issue permits for marine public property use and organize the leasing procedures. Finfish farming activities are controlled by a number of specific laws and regulations administered mainly through the MARA and the MEF. This article provides a review of the development and present status of the licensing, regulating and monitoring procedures for finfish aquaculture in Turkey. The notable expansion of the finfish aquaculture sector in recent years and the problems created in relation to the current relevant legislation and applications are presented and discussed

N-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]salicylaldimine

The title compound, C15H9F6NO, is non-planar with a dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings of 29.57 (2)°. The central N=C bond distance of 1.276 (4) Å is typical for a double bond. There are intramolecular O-H···N and weak intermolecular C-H···F hydrogen bonds. © 2003 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Great Britain - all rights reserved