Cancer frequency: Kars province

Background: Malignant tumors are important causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. It is known that the incidence of tumors- in which a large number of etiologic agents are identified and continued to be investigated- varies according to age, gender and geographical location. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and localization distributions of malignant tumors in Kars.Methods: The study included 17012 patients whose biopsy materials were evaluated in the Department of Pathology of Kafkas University Health Research and Practice Hospital between 2014-2017.Results: The mean age of all cancer cases was 63.3±14.8 and the median age was 63. The cancer frequency was detected 22.6% in 2014, 23.3% in 2015, 26.9% in 2016 and 27.2% in 2017 with general slight male dominance.Conclusions: The incidence of cancer in our country is found to be lower compared to the world data. It is necessary to examine and take into account the regional and city-based cancer statistics that serve as an important key stone in the planning of health policies and health investments in our country. Regional data is not only important for treatment services, but also for preventive health services and early diagnosis

Incidental cutaneous microcystic/reticular schwannoma in pilonidal sinus

Schwannoma, a non-malign peripheral nerve sheath tumor, develops slowly and is usually clinically inapparent. It usually arises after the fourth decade of life in the subcutaneous tissue of the extremities and in the head and neck region of patients, with no gender bias. Microcystic/reticular schwannoma (MRS) is a rare histological form of schwannoma, first described in 2008 by Liegl et al. (1) MRS is a recent addition to this group of tumors, which shows predilection for visceral organs, without Antoni A and Antoni B areas or Verocay bodies (2,3). Cutaneous presentation of MRS is very unusual neoplasm which seven cases reported in the sources until to date (4). Here we report a case of incidental cutaneous MRS in a pilonidal sinus material

myomterial invazyon paterninin prognostik önemi: Retrospektif bir çalışma

Objective: Endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EEC) are the most commonly diagnosed malignancies of the female genital tract. Myometrial invasion depth is one of the most significant pathological prognostic parameters. Different morphological invasion patterns have been characterized. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of the microcystic elongated and fragmented (MELF) myometrium invasion pattern in patients with EEC and its relationship with other clinicopathological parameters. Methods: This study included 101 patients with EEC in our institution between 2011 and 2020. The MELF pattern was evaluated in hematoxylineosin-stained sections. Pan-cytokeratin staining was performed on paraffin-embedded blocks of lymph nodes for cases without lymph node metastasis. Results: The MELF pattern was observed in 29 (29.8%) patients. It was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion (p<0.001), pathologic stage (p=0.048), infiltrative pattern (p<0.001), and necrosis (p=0.005). No significant correlation was observed between the MELF pattern and overall and disease-free survival rates. Conclusions: The MELF pattern is associated with other prognostic parameters, but its prognostic significance for survival has not been found. If the MELF pattern is observed in the hysterectomy material for cases without lymph node dissection during the first surgery, these patients may need additional surgery or adjuvant therapy due to the high risk of lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasisAmaç: Endometrioid endometriyal karsinomlar (EEK) kadın genital sistemin en sık karşılaşılan maligniteleridir. Myometrium invazyon derinliği en önemli patolojik prognostik parametrelerden birisidir. Farklı morfolojik invazyon paternleri tanımlanmıştır. Biz çalışmamızda EEk olgularında mikrokistik elonge fragmante (MELF) myometirum invazyon paterninin prognostik önemini ve klinikopatolojik parametrelerle ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntemler: 2011-2020 yılları arasında kurumumuzda EEK tanısı alan 101 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hematoksilen eozin kesitlerde MELF paterni değerlendirildi. Lenf nodu metastazı izlenmeyen olgularda lenf nodu bloklarına pan-sitokeratin uygulandı. Bulgular: Yirmi dokuz hastada (%29,8) MELF paterni izlendi. MELF paterni lenfovasküler invazyon (p<0,001), patolojik evre (p=0,048), infiltratif patern (p<0,001), ve nekroz (p=0,005) ile anlamlı ilişkili izlendi. Genel ve hastalıksız sağkalımda MELF paterni istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkili izlenmedi. Sonuçlar: MELF paterni diğer prognostik parametrelerle ilişkili olup tek başına prognostik önemi saptanmamıştır. Ancak ilk cerrahi sırasında lenf nodu diseksiyonu yapılmayan EEK hastalarında histerektomi materyalinde MELF paterni saptanması durumunda yüksek lenfovasküler invazyon ve lenf nodu metastaz riski nedeniyle ek cerrahi işlem ya da adjuvan terapi kararında MELF paterni varlığının dikkate alınması gerektiğine inanıyoruz

Sıçanlarda CYP2E1 İnihibisyonu İle Parasetamol İntoksikasyonunda Punica granatum çekirdek yağı ektraktının hepatoprotektif etkisi

Punica granatum seed oil enriched by punikalagins has been shown to have a therapeutic effect against antidiabetic, anticancer, antiinflammatory and some organ toxicities. We aimed to reveal both protective and therapeutic effects of punica granatum seed oil, which has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity on paracetamol-induced hepatic toxicity via biochemically, molecularly and pathologically in our study. Our study, 64 albino wistar rats were fasted for 24 h and then divided into 8 equal groups. Group 1: Healthy, Group 2: 2 g/kg of paracetamol (2a: 24 h, 2b: 48 h) (orally), Group 3: 140 mg/kg of n-acetylcysteine (orally) + paracetamol, Group 4: 0.32 mg/mL Punica granatum (i.p) + paracetamol, Group 5: 0.64 mg/mL Punica granatum + paracetamol, Group 6: Paracetamol + 0.32 mg/mL Punica granatum, Group 7: Paracetamol + 0.64 mg/mL Punica granatum, Group 8: Paracetamol + 140 mg/kg n-acetylcysteine. The study was terminated at 24 and 48 h after paracetamol administration. Serum ALT and AST levels were significantly increased at 24th and 48th h of paracetamol administration according to toxicity. While malondialdehyde, CYP2E1 and TNF-? levels also increased in the liver, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels decreased significantly. Increased ALT, AST levels with malondialdehyde and TNF-? levels significantly decreased by punica granatum seed oil (low doses) application and antioxidant levels were also significantly improved. Punica granatum seed oil may be used as a potential therapeutic agent in the future by strengthening the antioxidant system and preventing inflammation, especially liver toxicity due to overdose of paracetamol in suicide- battered individuals.Punikalaginlerle zengin olan Punica granatum çekirdek yağının, antidiyabetik, antikanser, antiinflamatuar ve bazı organ toksisitelerine karşı terepötik etkileri gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda, parasetamol ile indüklenen hepatotoksisite üzerine güçlü antioksidan ve anti-inflamatuvar etkinliğe sahip punica granatum çekirdek yağının biyokimyasal, moleküler ve patolojik olarak koruyucu ve terapötik etkilerini ortaya koymayı amaçladık. Çalışmamızda 64 albino wistar sıçan 24 saat aç bırakıldıktan sonra 8 eşit gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1: Sağlıklı, Grup 2: Parasetamol (2a: 24 saat, 2b: 48 saat) (oral), Grup 3: 140 mg/kg n-asetilsistein (oral) + parasetamol, Grup 4: 0.32 mg/mL Punica granatum (i.p.) + parasetamol, Grup 5: 0.64 mg/mL Punica granatum + parasetamol, Grup 6: Parasetamol + 0.32 mg/mL Punica granatum, Grup 7: Parasetamol + 0.64 mg/mL Punica granatum, Grup 8: Parasetamol + 140 mg/kg n-asetilsistein. Çalışma, parasetamol uygulamasından 24 ve 48 saat sonra sonlandırıldı. Parasetamol uygulamasının 24. ve 48. saatlerinde toksisiteye göre serum ALT ve AST düzeyleri anlamlı şekilde arttı. Malondialdehit, CYP2E1 ve TNF-? düzeyleri karaciğerde de yükselirken, süperoksit dismutaz ve glutatyon peroksidaz düzeyleri anlamlı olarak azaldı. Punica granatum çekirdek yağı (düşük dozlarda) uygulaması ile artmış ALT, AST düzeyleri, malondialdehit ve TNF-? seviyeleri anlamlı derecede azalmış ve antioksidan düzeyleri önemli derecede düzelmiştir. Punica granatum çekirdek yağı, intihar girişiminde bulunan kişilerde parasetamolün aşırı dozundan dolayı oluşan karaciğer toksisitesini önleyerek ve antioksidan sistemi güçlendirerek potansiyel terapötik bir madde olarak kullanılabili

GLUT-1 expression in breast cancer

Objective: Numerous studies have been conducted to predict the prognosis of breast cancers. The effect of glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT-1), the main carrier protein responsible for glucose transport, was investigated in breast cancer patients. Material and Method: 170 patients operated for breast carcinoma were included in this study. We analysed the prognostic significance of GLUT-1 immune-expression in 149 patients without neoadjuvant therapy, and in 21 patients with neoadjuvant therapy. Results: GLUT-1 expression was correlated with poor prognostic factors such as estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor negativity, high Ki-67 proliferation index, and high histological and nuclear grade (p<0.001). GLUT-1 was expressed at a statistically higher rate in invasive ductal carcinomas, compared to invasive lobular carcinomas (p <0.001), and was expressed at a higher rate in luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and triple-negative molecular subtypes compared to luminal A subtype tumors (p <0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between GLUT-1 expression and presence of neoadjuvant therapy. Univariate survival analysis showed high GLUT1 expression was associated with low disease-free survival. Conclusion: GLUT-1 expression was found to be associated with poor pathological prognostic factors in breast carcinoma patients. The results suggest that GLUT-1 expression can be considered as a prognostic marker in breast cancers, and it may be used as a target molecule in personalized treatment approaches

Angiomyofibroblastoma of the lower genital tract of women: Report of two cases

Superficial angiomyofibroblastoma of the lower genital tract of women is a very rare, benign neoplasm that most commonly arises in the vulvo-vaginal area. Our first case is a 45-year-old woman who presented with menometrorrhagia. On gynecological examination, a pedinculated polipoid mass 2.5 cm in size was found on the cervix. The second case is a 40-year-old woman presented with a nodular mass 5 cm in size on the vulva. She admitted to hospital with itching and cosmetic problems. Histologic examination revealed bland spindled and epithelioid cells arranged around blood vessels. Tumor cells have immunoreactivity for desmin, vimentin, estrogen and progesterone receptors but staining for cytokeratin was negative. In the lipomatous variant, the cells are dispersed into the adipose tissue. Differential diagnosis of lipomatous angiomyofibroblastoma includes; spindle cell lipoma, angiomyolipoma, and cellular angiofibroma. We will discuss the differential diagnosis of these cases with immunohistochemical and morphological findings

Comparison of platelet indices in papillary thyroid carcinoma and microcarcinoma

Aim: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common primary thyroid malignancy. It is called papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) if the nodule is less than 10 mm in diameter. It has been shown that platelets may play an essential role during chronic inflammation, cancer progression, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine the value of platelet indices including platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) in PTC. Material and Methods: 26 patients (19 female, 7 male) with PTC diagnosis were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and PTC. All patients who were included in the study were examined for complete blood count parameters. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. Leukocyte count, neutrophil count and percentage, lymphocyte count and percentage, platelet count, plateletcrit, and MPV were not statistically different between groups. PDW were significantly higher in patients with PTC than in those with PTMC. Conclusion: Our results show that patients with PTC have higher PDW levels compared to patients with PTMC. Elevated PDW in PTC may be useful in diagnosis of the disease and for better understanding of its pathogenesis

Hashimoto tiroiditinin trombositler üzerine sayı, büyüklük ve dağılım açısından etkisi

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate whether platelet indices were affected in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). Method: 11 patients (10 female, 1 male) with HT and 26 subjects with nodular goiters (19 female, 7 male) selected as control group were included in the study. All cases were examined for complete blood count parameters (leukocyte count, neutrophil count and percentage, lymphocyte count and percentage, platelet count, plateletcrit, platelet distribution width (PDW), and mean platelet volume (MPV)). Results: Leukocyte count, neutrophil count and percentage, lymphocyte percentage, platelet count, plateletcrit, and MPV in the patient group were not statistically different from the control group. Lymphocyte count and PDW were significantly higher in patients with HT than in the control group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that patients with HT have higher PDW levels. Increased PDW in HT may be helpful in diagnosis, floow-up, and prognosis of the disease.Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, Hashimoto tiroiditi olan hastalarda trombosit endekslerinin etkilenip etkilenmediğini araştırmaktır. Yöntemler: HT'li 11 hasta (10 kadın, 1 erkek) ve kontrol grubu olarak seçilen nodüler guatrlı 26 kişi (19 kadın, 7 erkek) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm olguların tam kan sayımı parametreleri (lökosit sayısı, nötrofil sayısı ve yüzdesi, lenfosit sayısı ve yüzdesi, trombosit sayısı, trombosit yüzdesi, trombosit dağılım genişliği (PDW) ve ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV)) incelendi. Bulgular: Hasta grubunda lökosit sayısı, nötrofil sayısı ve yüzdesi, lenfosit yüzdesi, trombosit sayısı, platelet yüzdesi ve MPV değerleri kontrol grubundan istatistiksel olarak farklı değildi. Lenfosit sayısı ve PDW, HT'li hastalarda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti. Sonuç: Bulgularımız HT'li hastaların PDW düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. HT'de artmış PDW, hastalığın tanısı, takibi ve prognozu açısından anlamlı olabilir

The effect of benfothiamin and vitamın D in ischemia / reperfusion model of rat skeletal muscle

Background: Benfothiamin is a highly potent form of vitamin B1 protecting endothelial function. On the other hand,vitamin D provides restoration of muscular tissue by inhibition of apoptosis and acceleration of cellular proliferation following muscle injury. We assumed that the administration of these vitamins in ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury, couldreduce the damage by alteration of the release of various oxidant and antioxidant mediators leading to cellular damage.Materials and Methods: We assigned 30 Wistar Albino males rats into 5 groups. In the control group (n6), rats wereanaesthetized and total antioxidant capacity (TAS), total oxidant capacity (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxidedismutase (SOD) and nitricoxide (NO) level were measured in lower extremity soleus muscle. Benfotiamin and D weregiven to the groups and the values of these parameters were evaluated in ischemia reperfusion muscle tissue specimens.All tissues were examined histologically.Results: We detected a significant change in groups 3 and 4 for antioxidant NO level after ischemia and reperfusion.Therefore, we observed that the administration of vitamin D and benfothiamin increased NO levels in muscle especiallyduring reperfusion. The level of other oxidants TOS and MDA and antioxidants TAS and SOD were not significant duringI/R at given periods. Overall vitamin D and benfothiamin have acute beneficial effects especially in improving I/R injuryof lower extremity, even at non-critical periods.Conclusion: Acute term effects of benfothiamin and vitamin D can be useful during where changes due to I/R. The effects can be evaluated during long term I/R