EVALUATION OF EATING ATTITUDES, ANGER AND IMPULSIVITY IN ATYPICAL AND NON-ATYPICAL DEPRESSION AND ASSESSMENT OF COMORBIDITY OF BINGE EATING

Background: Although there have been studies investigating emotional eating, impulsivity and anger, the relationship between differentiated eating attitudes, impulsivity and anger in atypical depression has not yet been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate eating attitudes, impulsivity and anger in participants with atypical and non-atypical depression and to compare their behaviours with those of the control group. Binge eating comorbidity was also investigated. The relationship between eating attitudes, impulsivity and anger was explored and the factors contributing to disordered eating attitudes were analysed. Subjects and methods: The participants were divided into three groups; 56 with atypical depression, 36 with non-atypical depression and 32 healthy controls for comparison. Clinical assessment was carried out using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Multidimensional Anger Scale, Eating Attitude Test, and Hamilton Depression Scale. Results: Deteriorated eating attitudes, increased anger symptoms and motor impulsivity were observed more in participants with atypical depression compared with participants with non-atypical depression. The frequency of binge eating was statistically significantly higher in participants with atypical depression (50%) than in participants with non-atypical depression (8%). A positive relationship was identified between deteriorated eating attitude, anger, and impulsivity. Behaving anxiously as a reaction to anger was found to be the significant predictor of disordered eating attitudes in participants with depression. The percentage of the variance explained by anxious behavior in disordered eating attitudes was 7%. Conclusion: Participants in the atypical and non-atypical depression groups can be differentiated from each other based on their eating attitudes, anger symptoms, motor impulsivity and binge eating frequency

The comparison of risky and ambiguity decision making and cool executive functions between patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and healthy controls

Background: Executive functioning has been evaluated in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Cool and hot executive functioning discrimination provided a different way of conceptualising executive functions. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare ambiguity and risky decision-making and cool executive functions in an OCD and a healthy control group. The relationship between decision-making and cool executive functioning was investigated. Methods: Sixty-two OCD patients and 48 healthy control participants were compared. Decision-making was measured using the Iowa Gambling Task. The cool executive functioning was assessed using the Stroop Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). Results: The OCD group completed the WCST and the Stroop Test statistically significantly with a lower score than that of the control group. The OCD group had impaired response inhibition and set-shifting that indicate impaired cool executive functioning. In contrast to a lack of a statistically significant difference, the risky decision-making performance was worse in the OCD group than in the healthy control group and in the unmedicated OCD patients than in the medicated OCD patients. Discussion: The OCD patients had a poorer performance in risky decision-making and cool executive functioning. There was a link between risky decision-making performance and impaired cool executive functions

Heterojenlik boyutunun pompajı takip eden arıtımla akifer temizleme tasarımı üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi.

The effect of heterogeneity correlation scale of hydraulic conductivity (K), equilibrium distribution coefficient (Kd) and mass transfer rate on the design and cost of the P&T remediation system for different heterogeneity levels (defined by the variance (σ2lnK)) and parameter distributions under the rate-limited sorption conditions was evaluated in this study. In addition, the impacts of initial amount of contaminant mass and plume configuration on the remediation design and cost were explored. The effects of different K heterogeneity and remediation design conditions on the length of remediation period, the influence of anisotropy of K, correlation between K and Kd, and Kd and , and the fraction of equilibrium sorption sites (f) on the pump-and-treat (P&T) design and cost were the other studied subjects. In this study, simulation-optimization approach, in which a groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation model was linked with a genetic algorithm (GA) library, was used. Results showed that not only the amount of PCE mass initially present in the aquifer was important in terms of P&T design, cost and remediation time, but also the location and size of the high and low K regions defined by λlnK as well as the magnitudes of K represented by geometric mean and σ2lnK were influential. It was also found that P&T designs utilizing higher numbers of wells with lower pumping rates may be more robust predicting the time-to-compliance compared to a single well with higher pumping rate for aquifers heterogeneous in K. Homogenous Kd assumption might cause serious error in both the design and the cost of remediation. The magnitude of this error may change depending on the spatial distribution of K and Kd, λlnKd, σ2lnKd and σ2lnK. The effect of heterogeneity in on the design and cost of remediation may or may not be significant depending on K, Kd and distributions, ln and σ2ln. Increased amount of kinetically sorbed mass defined by decreased f value resulted in more costly remediation.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Impact of crossover and decision variable coding forms on the performance of genetic algorithm optimization a case study on pump and treat remediation design

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are robust methods applied especially for complex optimization problems. However, selection of some GA parameters may play a vital role on the efficacy of the method. This study investigates the impacts of crossover type and form of coding on the performance of optimization by genetic algorithms. For this purpose, two pump-and-treat remediation design problems were considered with different levels of complexity determined by the number of decision variables. The efficiencies of GA for these problems were compared for two different crossover operators (two-point and uniform) and decision variable coding forms (binary and gray). First problem seeks the best pump and treat system design by optimizing the location of the pumping wells and pumping rate at active wells while minimizing the system cost. The second problem is simpler such that it aims to minimize the remediation time while achieving the cleanup goals for a fixed remediation policy. Results show that uniform crossover operator outperforms two-point crossover and gray coding is superior to binary coding for the complex problem with higher number of decision variables. On the other hand, when a simpler problem was solved, the efficiency of GA was independent of the crossover and coding types

Effect of heterogeneity correlation scale on pump and treat remediation design

Pump-and-treat (P&T) remediation is a commonly used technology for the cleanup of contaminated groundwater. The long remediation time, high capital and operational costs are the most important problems associated with these systems. One of the determinants that affect the remediation design and its outcome is the spatial heterogeneity in the hydraulic conductivity (K) field. In this study, the effect of correlation scale (length) (lambda) of the heterogeneous K-field on P&T remediation design and costs was investigated. For this purpose, several synthetic K-fields of similar means and variances (sigma 2) but different lambdas were generated using a random field generator. Simulation-optimization approach was used in order to conduct the study. For this purpose, BIO2D-KE linked with a genetic algorithm library was used. Runs were conducted in order to determine the best pumping policies and costs for the heterogeneous fields. According to the initial results, lambda of the spatial variation in K impacted P&T remediation design and costs. The number of wells, pumping rates, and costs of remediation varied for different lambdas. This outcome was more pronounced for higher sigma 2 of the spatially variable K-field. © 2007 ASCE

Impact of time dependent sorption sites on optimal pump-and-treat remediation design

Kirlenmiş sahalarda kirleticilerin toprağa tutunmuş halde bulunabilmesi ve suya çözünmenin yavaş olması, pompaj ve arıtım yöntemiyle temizleme tasarımını ve maliyetlerini etkileyebilir. Bu çalışmada, 1-f faktörünün optimum temizleme tasarımı ve maliyeti üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. f, zamana bağlı sorpsiyonu tanımlamak için sıklıkla kullanılan iki-siteli sorpsiyon modelinde yer alır ve 1-f zamana bağlı sorpsiyon sitelerinin oranını gösterir. Çalışmada benzetim-eniyileme yöntemi kullanılarak, 5 farklı f değeri (0,00, 0,25, 0,50, 0,75, ve 1,00) için farklı hidrolik iletkenlik (K) heterojenliğine sahip hipotetik bir akiferin temizlenmesi için optimum tasarımlar elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular, küçük f değerlerinin temizleme için gerekli kuyu sayılarını ve/veya toplam pompaj miktarlarını arttırdığını göstermiştir. Buna paralel olarak toplam temizleme maliyetleri f değerleri düştükçe önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Bulgular, pompaj ve arıtım sistemi tasarımında yavaş sorpsiyonun doğru bir şekilde tanımlanmasının ve doğru f değerinin kullanılmasının gerekliliğini göstermiştir. Bu, temizleme sistemi tasarımını ve maliyet tahminlerini doğru yapabilmek için çok önemlidir.Presence of contaminants in sorbed phase and their slow desorption to aqueous phase in contaminated aquifers may impact pump-and-treat remediation design and cost. In this study, the impact of 1-f factor on optimum remediation design and cost is investigated. f is used in the two-site sorption model that is frequently used to account for time-dependent sorption and 1-f shows the fraction of time-dependent sorption sites. In the study, optimum remediation designs are obtained to cleanup a hypothetical aquifer that has different hydraulic conductivity (K) heterogeneity conditions using simulation-optimization method for 5 different f values (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, ve 1.00). Results obtained in the study state that small f values increase the number of wells and/or total pumping rates required for cleanup. In parallel to these, remediation costs increase significantly as f values decrease. Results indicate the necessity of accurate determination of slow desorption and using the correct f value in the design of pump-and-treat system. This is very important for accurate realization of remediation design and cost predictions