A Traffic Merging and Generation Framework for Realistic Synthesis of Network Traffic

The Internet is steadily growing and is of increasing importance for our economy and society. Due to this increased importance it is also in the focus of attacks, e.g. distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. As attackers dynamically change their attack behaviour, novel detection approaches that are able to automatically adjust to these dynamic attacks are needed. To train and test such network anomaly detection systems, it is necessary to provide realistic data. As of today, this area of research suffers from the lack of publicly available datasets that can be used to train and test anomaly detection systems and are exchangeable to allow reproducible research. Therefore, we propose a novel framework that enables researchers and developers to generate customizable synthetic datasets. It not only allows to generate fully-synthetic network traffic, but also to generate semi-synthetic network traffic by merging of multiple network captures from reallive environments. Further, it allows the mapping of IP addresses as well as the modi﬿cation of other header ﬿elds, if desired. This enables researchers and developers to exchange network traces from sensitive environments without revealing any sensitive end-user related information, while perceiving the relevant characteristics of the network(s) and attack(s). In the following, we provide a description of, the problem, our concept and the features of our solution, the architecture and functional model and ﬿nally provide a short summary together with an outlook for future work

Securing name resolution in the IoT: DNS over CoAP

In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and analysis of DNS over CoAP (DoC), a new proposal for secure and privacy-friendly name resolution of constrained IoT devices. We implement different design choices of DoC in RIOT, an open-source operating system for the IoT, evaluate performance measures in a testbed, compare with DNS over UDP and DNS over DTLS, and validate our protocol design based on empirical DNS IoT data. Our findings indicate that plain DoC is on par with common DNS solutions for the constrained IoT but significantly outperforms when additional, CoAP standard features are used such as block-wise transfer or caching. With OSCORE for end-to-end security, we can save more than 10 kBytes of code memory compared to DTLS while enabling group communication without compromising the trust chain when using intermediate proxies or caches. We also discuss a scheme for very restricted links that compresses redundant or excessive information by up to 70%.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, 4 table

Catheter-related bacteremia due to Kocuria rosea in a patient undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

BACKGROUND: Micrococcus species may cause intracranial abscesses, meningitis, pneumonia, and septic arthritis in immunosuppressed or immunocompetent hosts. In addition, strains identified as Micrococcus spp. have been reported recently in infections associated with indwelling intravenous lines, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis fluids, ventricular shunts and prosthetic valves. CASE PRESENTATION: We report on the first case of a catheter-related bacteremia caused by Kocuria rosea, a gram-positive microorganism belonging to the family Micrococcaceae, in a 39-year-old man undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation due to relapsed Hodgkin disease. This uncommon pathogen may cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. CONCLUSIONS: This report presents a case of Kocuria rosea catheter related bacteremia after stem cell transplantation successfully treated with vancomycin and by catheter removal

AEDGE: Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration in Space

We propose in this White Paper a concept for a space experiment using cold atoms to search for ultra-light dark matter, and to detect gravitational waves in the frequency range between the most sensitive ranges of LISA and the terrestrial LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA/INDIGO experiments. This interdisciplinary experiment, called Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration (AEDGE), will also complement other planned searches for dark matter, and exploit synergies with other gravitational wave detectors. We give examples of the extended range of sensitivity to ultra-light dark matter offered by AEDGE, and how its gravitational-wave measurements could explore the assembly of super-massive black holes, first-order phase transitions in the early universe and cosmic strings. AEDGE will be based upon technologies now being developed for terrestrial experiments using cold atoms, and will benefit from the space experience obtained with, e.g., LISA and cold atom experiments in microgravity. This paper is based on a submission (v1) in response to the Call for White Papers for the Voyage 2050 long-term plan in the ESA Science Programme. ESA limited the number of White Paper authors to 30. However, in this version (v2) we have welcomed as supporting authors participants in the Workshop on Atomic Experiments for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration held at CERN: ({\tt https://indico.cern.ch/event/830432/}), as well as other interested scientists, and have incorporated additional material

Geology, mineralogy and geochemical properties of the Çaldag Ni-Co laterite deposits [Çaldag (turgutlu-manisa) lateritik Ni-Co yatagının jeolojisi, mineralojisi ve jeokimyasal özellikleri]

Çaldag Ni-Co deposit covers an area approximately 10 km2 on the Çaldag horst of Gediz Graben. This world class Ni-Co deposit has recently started to be exploited. Extensive exploration drilling on the mineralization proved a reserve of 38 million tonnes, with a grade of 1.14% nickel and 0.05% cobalt. Showing complex and zoned structures, Çaldag mineralization is analogous to the New Caledonian type residual nickel deposits that are formed by the intense tropical weathering (lateritization) of the peridotites which consist of trace amounts of nickel. Çaldag Ni-Co mineralization is developed over the ultramafic rocks of Late Cretaceous-Early Paleocene ophiolitic mélange. The ophiolitic mélange consists of limestone blocks, radiolaria, and serpentinized ultramafic rock masses set in a matrix composed of interbedded sandstone-shale, spilitic volcanic rocks with pelagic limestone and shale intercalations. Peridotites with variable serpentinization are mainly composed of dunite, harzburgite and pyroxenite. The ophiolitic mélange was emplaced tectonically on the basement rocks of Menderes masif. The whole succession is uncomformably overlain by Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene lacustrine sediments. Whole rock, trace and REE analysis on volcanic rocks implies that they have tholeiitic magmatic source and they formed in intra oceanic-arc environment. The primary Ni-bearing ore phases in serpentinized peridotites are pentlandite and associated nickel-sulfide alloys. In Çaldag mineralization, lateritic profile consists of serpentinized peridotites (% 0,2-1,2 Ni; % 0,04-0,11 Co), ironoxide and clay-rich saprolite (% 0,02-5,6 Ni; % 0,02-5,2 Co), carbonate and gypsum-bearing laterite (%0,2-1,2 Ni; % 0,04-0,11Co), and silica rich laterite (% 0,2-1,2 Ni; % 0,04-0,11 Co) with different Ni-Co contents. Two different lateritization stages are determined in the enrichment of Ni-Co ore; 1) Colloform goethite, limonite and hematite, Ni-Co asbolane and manganese oxides are mainly formed during the first lateritization stage (Upper Paleocene-Middle Eosene). Laterite was carried tectonically towards north to its present place by thrust faults during Upper Eocene. 2) The second lateritization took place in Oligocene, beside the colloform ore, takovite, pecoraite, manganese oxides, gypsum, bravoite, pyrite, marcasite and clay minerals such as nimite, halloysite, montmorillonite were deposited either as fracture infills or brecciated masses. Following the second lateritization event, the Çaldag lateritic deposit was covered by Mio-Pliocene terrestriallacustrine sedimentary units. During the Neotectonic period, the region was dissected by high-angle normal faults resulted in NW-SE trending horst and graben structures. The Çaldag horst was uplifted during this stage and the Plio-Quaternary alluvial fans were formed around the Çaldag Horst due to erosion of the rising blocks. Finally, the latest event resulted in erosion of the cover series and the Çaldag lateritic deposit cropped out over the Çaldag Horst

Connecting the Dots : Selective Fragment Recovery in ICNLoWPAN

In this paper, we analyze the benefits of integrating 6LoWPAN Selective Fragment Recovery (SFR) in ICNLoWPAN. We present a solution that allows for immediate fragment forwarding - -a key feature of SFR - -in combination with ICN caching. Our proposal introduces a Virtual Reassembling Endpoint (VREP), which acts transparently as an SFR fragment forwarder while simultaneously collecting fragments. Once a datagram is complete, it is exposed to the content cache, effectively making the VREP the new fragmenting endpoint. Our solution complies with current specs defined in the IETF/IRTF. Furthermore, we combine the reverse path forwarding schemes of both SFR and ICNLoWPAN and assess drawbacks and benefits in a testbed. Our evaluation shows that SFR with VREP performs similar to hop-wise reassembly, details depend on the topology, but both outperform SFR without VREP in all scenarios

Securing name resolution in the IoT : DNS over CoAP

In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and analysis of DNS over CoAP (DoC), a new proposal for secure and privacy-friendly name resolution of constrained IoT devices. We implement different design choices of DoC in RIOT, an open-source operating system for the IoT, evaluate performance measures in a testbed, compare with DNS over UDP and DNS over DTLS, and validate our protocol design based on empirical DNS IoT data. Our findings indicate that plain DoC is on par with common DNS solutions for the constrained IoT but significantly outperforms when additional standard features of CoAP are used such as block-wise transfer or caching. With OSCORE, we can save more than 10 kBytes of code memory compared to DTLS and retain the end-to-end trust chain with intermediate proxies, while leveraging features such as group communication or caches. We also discuss a compression scheme for very restricted links that reduces data by up to 70%.PeerReviewe

Influence of capsular tension ring on posterior capsule opacification in myopic eyes

Purpose: To determine the effect of a capsular tension ring (CTR) implantation in preventing posterior capsular opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery in patients with high myopia. Materials and Methods: In this prospective single-surgeon standardized-surgical-procedure fellow-eye comparison trial, 34 patients with high myopia had phacoemulsification surgery. Although one eye received an acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) and CTR, other eye received only an IOL as control. PCO, within the capsulorhexis overlap, was documented by standardized digital retroillumination images at least 2 years post-operatively, and the percentage area of PCO was scored (scale 0%-100%) using the POCOman software system. The PCO score and the incidence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) capsulotomy of groups, and correlations between PCO score and presence of CTR, age, phaco time, refraction, and axial length (AL) were determined. Results: The mean time interval from surgery to PCO measurement was 43.4 ± 11.2 months for the eyes with a CTR and 43.1 ± 11.6 months for the controls (P = 0.91). The PCO score of the eyes with a CTR was significantly lower than in the controls (5.9 ± 4.3 vs. 22.3 ± 12.2, respectively; P < 0.001). There were statistically insignificant correlations between PCO score and pre-operative refraction (r = 0.02; P = 0.90), AL (r = 0.03; P = 0.80), phaco time (r = 0.11; P = 0.53), and patient′s age (r = 0.23; P = 0.55). No patient with a CTR had a Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy, but it was six in controls (P = 0.025). Conclusions: CTR implantation seems to be effective in reducing the PCO and Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy rates in high myopic eyes