Metaphoric Perception of Coach Candidates towards Swimming Discipline: A Qualitative, Cognitive Research

This research evinces the value of the multidimensional perceptions of the metaphors towards swimming discipline and its relevant certain contexts according to swimming coach candidates. In this article, we used qualitative research paradigm away from positivist approaches to describe and interpret stories and personal experiences of the participants. Fifty-five undergraduate senior students who studied in the department of coaching education in a large South-eastern university were secured homogenously (aged between 21 and 29). Using a semi-structured interview form, data were generated based on six predetermined contexts: swimming, swimming coach, freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly. Each context focused participants’ metaphor generation processes. As data generation continued, we also intended to be participant-observer to gain epistemological privilege by participating in and experiencing what is going on. Within the predetermined contexts, thematic analysis conducted through a software package of NVivo 11 Plus emerged seventeen conditions (sub-themes). In the portrait gallery of metaphoric perceptions of coach candidates towards swimming discipline, we found variety in the mental images of each context

Finding Environmental Knowledge in SCUBA-Based Textual Materials

As marine environments within the adventure domain are future key-settings for recreational SCUBA diving experience, SCUBA-based textual materials should provide insight into environmental knowledge that is well connected to the novice divers’ behaviour and attitude. This research is concerned with a major recreational SCUBA diver manual for novice divers from a position that seeks to explore its focus and scope of environmental knowledge in semantic networks. However, results obtained from thematic analyses of environmental knowledge emerged two sub-themes: marine-based conservation and aquatic life. Analyses of textual data indicated that the manual has groundling statements and notes on environmental knowledge. Furthermore, analyzing manual’ environmental documents showed that there is no skill-related knowledge, which attributes to SCUBA divers’ environmental behaviour and attitude towards underwater environment

Explaining the Impact of Disabled Children’ Engagement with Physical Activity on Their Parents’ Smartphone Addiction Levels: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed Methods Research

In this research, quantitative findings and qualitative follow-up themes were used to quantify, conceptualize and finally try to explain the impact of disabled children’ engagement with physical activity on their parents’ smartphone addiction levels. An initial phase of quantitative investigation was conducted with 116 parents. Analyses of statistical trends indicated that male parents use smartphones more often than female. Furthermore, quantitizing data towards parents’ smartphone addiction showed that parents watching their disabled children during physical activity exhibit more smartphone-addicted behaviors than non-watching parents. Finally, data obtained from quantitative findings revealed that levels of smartphone addiction of parents whose disabled children participated in more than 60 minutes of physical activity were greater than the levels of smartphone addiction of parents whose disabled children participated in 60 minutes of physical activity. With no adequate theoretical explanation for these results, a follow-up explanations phase of qualitative investigation was conducted with 5 parents. Analyses of interview data emerged three themes: (a) Male dominance in smartphone use, (c) parents passive participation in physical activity with or without smartphones and (b) levels of smartphone addiction among parents in terms of duration of their children daily physical activity engagement

Clinicopathologic Results of the Surgical Management of Thyroid Gland Pathologies

Objective: The aim of this study is to share our surgical approach and results in patients with benign and malignant thyroid diseases.Methods: All patients who underwent thyroid gland surgery at our University Hospital Ear, Nose, and Throat Department between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The study included 293 patients.Results: Of the 293 patients included in the study, 76 (25.9%) were male and 217 (74.1%) were female. Mean follow-up period was 47.1 months. Patients’ ages ranged from 4 to 77 years. In terms of the pathology, 160 patients had benign and 133 had neoplastic thyroid diseases. None of the patients who underwent thyroid surgery due to benign diseases required revision surgery. Recurrence occurred in 15 out of the 116 patients that were operated on for well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Out of these 15 patients with disease recurrence, 11 had biochemically incomplete responses and four had structurally recurrent diseases.Conclusion: Thyroidectomy, when performed safely and correctly, is a very effective way of treating both benign and malignant thyroid diseases. Total thyroidectomy or total lobectomy and isthmectomy are the gold-standard surgical approaches to prevent recurrence. A national form is needed regarding thyroid surgery for following up on patients and for the regular and systematic collection of data

YÜZME HAVUZLARINDA GÜVENLİK VE YÖNETİMİ

İnsanın kullandığı bütün etkinlik ortamları gibi yüzme havuzlarının da güvenlik ve sağlıklı koşullara sahip olması gerekmektedir. Türkiye&#8217;deki yüzme eğitimi ve spor hizmeti veren Gençlik ve Spor Genel Müdürlü ğü ile mahalli idareler ve eğitim kurumlarına ait olimpik ve yarı olimpik havuzların güvenliği ve güvenlik yönetimi ile ilgili mevcut durumu tespit ederek, uygulamadaki eksikleri ortaya çıkarmak suretiyle bunların giderilmesine katkı sağlamak amacıyla bu çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla; ilgili literatür incelenerek araştırma problemine ilişkin bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamındaki havuzlara uygulanmak üzere oluşturulan kontrol listesi (çeklist) ile elde edilen bulgularla araştırmanın problemine çözüm aranmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2006 y ılı itibariyle Türkiye&#8217;de sportif amaçlı kullan ıldığı tespit edilen açık, kapalı, olimpik, yarı olimpik toplam 148 yüzme havuzu, örneklemini ise, Gençlik ve Spor Genel Müdürlü ğüne ait 40 havuz ile mahalli idareler ve eğitim kurumlarına bağlı 40 yüzme havuzu olmak üzere toplam 80 adet tesis oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde SPSS 11.0 (Statistical Package For The Social Sciences) paket programı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçların istatistiksel değerlendirilmesi X2 testi ile yap ılmıştır. Kontrol listesi, mülakat ve gözlem tekniği ile elde edilen verilerin frekans ve yüzde dağılımları tablolaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca yüzme havuzlarının bağlı olduğu kurum ve tipi itibariyle elde edilen veriler X 2 testi ile p<0.05 anlamlılık düzeyinde incelenerek gruplar arasındaki anlamlı değişkenler belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak; Türkiye&#8217;deki havuzlar ın cankurtaran seçimi ve eğitimi konusunda ortalama %52; acil durum teçhizatı bak ımından %64,5; havuz emniyeti için gerekli işaret ve tabelaların %71; hijyenik ve teknik ekipmanların %78,5; duş, tuvalet, soyunma odalarının %67; havuz kenarı ve çevresinin %75; su kalitesinin %75 oranlarında standartlara uygun olmadığı ve kullanıcı sağlığını önemli düzeyde tehdit ettiği bulunmuştur. Bağlı olduğu kurum açısından havuzlar değerlendirildiğinde GSGM&#8217;ye bağlı havuzların, diğer kurum havuzlarına göre havuzlardaki güvenlik ve yönetim ile ilgili unsurlara daha dikkat ettikleri, havuz tipi açısından ise açık yüzme havuzlarının güvenlik ve yönetim konusunda kapalı yüzme havuzlarına göre daha özenli yönetildiği anlaşılmıştır.It is necessary that swimming pools, like all the activity environments used by men, should have security and hygienic conditions. This study has been carried out to determine the existing situation concerning the security and security management of the Olympic and semi-Olympic swimming pools officially affiliated to local administrations and training institutions as well as to the Youth and Sport Office, which is charged with giving trainings on swimming and sport services. Thus, the study is intended to reveal deficiencies in practice and thus to contribute to the elimination of them. To that end, the literature concerned has been examined and the information on the research problem has been included in the study. A solution has been sought for this problem by means of the findings obtained through checklist to be applied to the pools within the context of the research. The universe of the research is composed of a sum of 148 swimming pools, whether open, closed, Olympic or semi-Olympic, all of which are used for sportive purposes as of the year 2006. The sample of the study, however, a sum of 80 institutes, 40 of which are the swimming pools affiliated to local administrations and training institutions and the other 40 to Youth and Sport Office. SPSS 11.0 (STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR THE SOCIAL SCIENCES) was used in the analysis of the researching data. Statistical evaluation of the results available was made by using the X 2 test. Frequency and percentage distributions of the data obtained through the control list, interviews and observation technique were turned into table. Moreover, the data obtained on the type and institutions of the swimming pools were examined on the p<0.05 significance by X 2 test and then the significant variables between the groups were determined. It has been found out as a result of the study that of the swimming pools in Turkey, %52 were out of the standards in terms of lifeguard choice and training; %64,5 in terms of emergency equipments; %71 in terms of the signposts and tables for the pool security; %78,5 in terms of hygienic and technical equipments; %67 in terms of showers, toilets and dressing cabins; %75 in terms of the pool edges and borders; %76 in terms of the water quality. With all these results, the swimming pools in Turkey, it can be said, threaten the users of them considerably. If we evaluate the pools according to the institutions to which they are affiliated, the ones of Youth and Sports Office are in a better state than the others in terms of security and management. As for the type of the pools, open swimming pools have been found out to be managed more carefully and efficiently than the others in terms of security and management

Histopathological And Immunohistochemical Evaluation Of The Proliferative Activity, Angiogenesis, Basement Membrane And Apoptosis In Benign, Premalignant And Malignant Lesions Of The Prostate

Prostat karsinomu (PK) erkeklerde görülen en yaygın karsinomdur. Kanserden ölüm nedenleri içerisinde, akciğer karsinomundan sonra ikinci sırada yer almaktadır. Son yıllarda tanımlanan prostatik intraepitelial neoplazi (PİN), prostat karsinomunun öncül lezyonları arasında yer almaktadır. Prostat karsinomunda tanı zorluğu oluşturan PİNin, prostat karsinomu ve benign prostat hiperplazilerinden (BPH) ayrımı önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, PINin BPH ve prostat karsinomu olgularında, Ki-67, CD31 ve Laminin immünreaktiviteleri ve apoptozis indeksinin ayırıcı tanıdaki yerinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı laboratuarında 1991 2001 yılları arasında tanı konan 50 prostat adenokarsinomu, 50 prostatik intraepitelial neoplazi ve 50 benign prostat hiperplazisi olmak üzere 150 olguya ait örnekler çalışmaya alındı. Olgulardan elde edilen parafin kesitlere immunohistokimyasal yöntemle Ki-67, CD31, Laminin uygulandı. Ayrıca apoptotik indeksi değerlendirmek için aynı olgulara ait parafin bloklardan hemotoksilen-eozin boyalı kesitler hazırlandı. Ki-67 için nükleer koyu kahverengi boyanma, CD31 için stoplazmik endotelial hücrelerin boyanması ve Laminin için ise gland epiteli altındaki bazal membrandaki kesintisiz lineer boyanma pozitif olarak kabul edildi. Ki-67 immunreaktivitesi, prostat karsinomunda en yüksek ve BPHda en düşüktü. Ayrıca prostat karsinomu olgularında Ki-67 immunreaktivitesi, PIN olgularından anlamlı derecede yüksek iken (p0.001), PİN ile BPH arasında p0.05 düzeyindeydi. CD31 immunreaktivitesi ve apoptotik indeks açısından bakıldığında, değerler en yüksek olarak prostat karsinomunda ve en düşük olarak ta BPHta izlendi. Gruplar kendi içerisinde CD31 ve apoptotik indeks açısından karşılaştırıldığında, prostat karsinomunun hem PIN (p0.001) hem de BPHtan (p0.001) anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu izlendi. Laminin immunreaktivitesinin değerlendirilmesinde ise BPH ile PIN grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark yokken (p0.05), prostat karsinomu hem PIN hem de BPH olgularından anlamlı derecede yüksek değerlere sahipti (p0.001). Sonuç olarak, PİNin PK ve BPHdan ayrımında Ki-67, CD31 ve apoptotik indeksin faydalı olabileceği kanısına varıldı. Lamininin ise PKnun, BPH ve PİN olgularından ayrımında faydalı olabileceği fakat BPH ile PİN olgularının ayrımda aynı faydayı sağlamayacağı kanısına varıldı.Prostate carcinoma (PC) is the most common malignancy among males and it is the second most common cause of death due to cancer (after lung cancer) in men. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is a premalignant lesion described recently. The differentiation of PIN from BPH or PC is important. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the place of Ki-67, CD31, Laminin immunoreactivities and apoptotic index in the differentiation of PIN (accepted as a precursor lesion of PC) from BPH or PC. A total of 150 specimens (50 PC, 50 PIN and 50 BPH cases) which were evaluated and diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University between 1991 2001 were included in the study. Ki-67, CD31 and Laminin were applied to the paraffin sections with immunohistochemical method. Additionally H&E stained sections were prepared from paraffin blocks from the same cases for the evaluation of apoptotic index. The staining was accepted as positive for Ki-67 if dark-brown stained nucleus is present, for CD31 if cytoplasms of endothelial cells are stained, and for Laminin if continuous linear staining of basal membrane under the prostatic glandular epithelium is observed.Ki-67 immunoreactivity was the highest in PC group and the lowest in the BPH group. Moreover, while Ki-67 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in PC group than in PIN group (p<0.001), the difference between PIN and BPH was p<0.05. Both CD31 immunoreactivity and apoptotoic index were found to be the highest in PC group and the lowest in BPH group. In the comparison of groups, PC group had higher CD31 immunoreactivity and apoptotic index values than in both PIN (p<0.001) and BPH (p<0.001) did. As a conclusion, it was suggested that Ki-67, CD31 immunoreactivities and apoptotic index were useful in the differentiation of PIN from BPH and PC. For Laminin, although it may be useful in the differentiation of PIN from PC, it cannot be used for PIN BPH differentiation