Evaluating the clinical significance of diazepam binding inhibitor in alzheimer's disease: A comparison with inflammatory, oxidative, and neurodegenerative biomarkers

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the pathologies that the scientific world is still desperate for. The aim of this study was the investigation of diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) as a prognostic factor for AD prognosis. Methods: A total of 120 participants were divided into 3 groups. Forty new diagnosed Alzheimer patients (NDG) who have been diagnosed but have not started AD treatment, 40 patients who diagnosed 5 years ago (D5YG), and 40 healthy control groups (CG) were included in the study. Levels of DBI, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative biomarkers were compared between 3 groups. Results: Plasma levels of DBI, oligomeric Aβ, total tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein, α-synuclein, interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, tumor necrosis factor α, oxidative stress index, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, and DNA damage were found higher in D5YG and NDG as compared to CG (p < 0.001). On the contrary, plasma levels of total thiol, native thiol, vitamin D and vitamin B12 were lower in D5YG and NDG as compared to CG (p < 0.001). Discussion: DBI may be a potential plasma biomarker and promising drug target for AD. It could help physicians make a comprehensive evaluation with cognitive and neurodegenerative tests

Evaluation of the relationship between vitamin D level and adropin, IL-1β, IL-6, and oxidative status in women

Background/aim: Vitamin D, adropin, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress closely related with metabolic homeostasis and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of the present study is to investigate how vitamin D levels affect serum adropin, IL-1ß, IL-6, and oxidative stress. Materials and methods: A total of 77 female subjects were divided into 3 groups according to vitamin D levels. Biochemical parameters, adropin, IL-1ß, IL-6, oxidative stress markers were studied in these groups, and the results were compared statistically. Results: Serum adropin, IL-1ß, IL-6, total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels differed significantly between the vitamin D groups (p < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was detected between vitamin D, and adropin and TAS (r = 0.807; p < 0.001, r = 0.814; p < 0.001, respectively). A significant negative correlation was detected between vitamin D, and IL-1ß, IL-6, TOS, OSI (r = –0.725; p < 0.001, r = –0.720; p < 0.001, r = –0.238; p = 0.037, r = –0.705; p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Vitamin D could show its effects through vitamin D receptors on tissues or on the ENHO gene in adropin secreting tissues via direct or indirect mechanisms. Proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and adropin targeted studies could contribute to the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with vitamin D deficiency in future

DR-70: A promising biomarker for the detection of lung cancer

Objective: Lung cancer (LC) is characterized by an aggressive phenotype with a high mortality rate, early metastasis, and proliferation rate. Treatment options and prognosis differ significantly at each stage. Despite the availability of multiple imaging studies and invasive procedures, the disorder is diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therefore, it is essential to find biomarkers for the early detection of LC. Patients and Methods: Between 2018 and 2020, 73 LC and 71 control with the same demographic characteristics were included in our study. DR-70 level was measured by a photometric method in serum samples taken from all subjects. Results: A total of 144 subjects (110 male, 34 female) was included in the study. DR-70 levels in the LC group (2.53 +/- 2.64 mu g/mL) were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group (0.56 +/- 1.23 mu g/mL). Clinical sensitivity and specificity of DR-70 for LC were found to be 87.67% and 88.73%. Conclusions: The high sensitivity and specificity of DR-70 can be used as a biomarker for rapid diagnosis in patients with LC. Compared with other tumor biomarkers, DR-70 seems to have a better sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of LC

Quercus pyrenaica honeydew honey with high phenolic contents cause dna damage, apoptosis, and cell death through generation of reactive oxygen species in gastric adenocarcinoma cells

Many studies have shown that honey with high phenolic contents prevents cancer formation. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that honey can be used for the treatment of cancer as well as cancer prevention. Antineoplastic effects of honey are often associated with their antioxidant phenolic contents. However, very few studies have dealt with the association of phenolic contents of honeys in terms of antiproliferative effects. The aim of this study was, therefore, to elucidate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating effects of honey samples on the basis of their phenolic and flavonoid contents. Fourteen different honey varieties were collected from various parts of Turkey, and their characteristics regarding total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant contents were determined to test their effects on gastric cancer cells (AGS). For convenience, 2 honey varieties were selected, namely, Ida Mountains Quercus pyrenaica honeydew honey (QPHH-IM) having the highest phenolic and antioxidant content and Canakkale multifloral honey (MFH-C) with the lowest phenolic and antioxidant content. Levels of 11 different phenolic compounds in QPHH-IM and MFH-C samples were determined by LC-MS/MS. AGS cells were incubated with different concentrations of QPHH-IM and MFH-C for 24 hours, then the cell viability, DNA damage, apoptosis, and generation of ROS were determined. We found that QPHH-IM had more cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic effects than that of MFH-C. We think that these effects are probably related to pro-oxidant activities due to the high phenolic contents present. Therefore, further research on high-phenolic honey may contribute to the future development of cancer therapeutics

The acorn honey used for a published study was mistakenly listed as quercus pyrenaica and should be corrected to quercus species

A critical review letter1 was published concerning the article “Quercus pyrenaica honeydew honey effects on gastric adenocarcinoma cells” published in Integrative Cancer Therapies in 2019.2 According to the letter, the authors reported that the Quercus pyrenaica mentioned in the study was neither found in Mount Ida nor within the borders of Turkey as stated in the study, therefore the results obtained in the study may belong to another Quercus species

Migren hastalığının patogenezinde oksidatif stres, damar fizyopatolojisini etkileyen faktörler ve inflamasyonun rolünün araştırılması

MİGREN HASTALIĞININ PATOGENEZİNDE OKSİDATİF STRES, DAMAR FİZYOPATOLOJİSİNİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER VE İNFLAMASYONUN ROLÜNÜN ARAŞTIRILMASI Çalışmamızda migren tanısı konmuş hastalar ile sağlıklı kontrol grubu arasında oksidatif stres, damar fizyopatolojisi ve inflamasyon belirteçleri açısından bir fark olup olmadığının araştırıldı. Ümraniye Eğitim araştırma Hastanesi Nöroloji Kliniğine başvuran, 18 - 49 yaş arasında migren tanı kriterlerine uyan ve sistemik herhangi bir hastalığı olmayan 27 hasta ve 27 sağlıklı kişiden kan ve idrar örnekleri alındı. İdrarda malondialdehit, eritrositlerde glutatyon ve glutatyonla ilgili enzimler, süperoksit dismutaz, katalaz, malondialdehit ve protein karbonilleri, plazmada malondialdehit, bilirubin, ürik asit ve albumin gibi oksidatif stres belirteçlerine, damar fizyopatolojisi parametrelerinden plazmada trombosit ve fibrinojene, inflamasyon parametrelerinden ise IL 1b, IL 6, IL 10, TNF α, adenozin deaminaz, CRP ve ferritin düzeylerine bakıldı. Antioksidan düzeyleri hasta grubunda düşük bulundu. Glutatyon ve glutatyonla iligil enzimlerin yanında süperoksit dismutaz ve katalaz değerleri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve düşüktü. Plazma antioksidanlarından albumin düzeylerinde gruplar arasında önemli bir fark görülmedi. Ürik asit ve bilirubin düzeyleri karşılaştırıldığında hasta grubundaki düzeyler anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Benzer şekilde oksidatif hasar belirteçleri olan protein karbonilleri ile plazma, eritrosit ve idrar malondialdehit düzeyleri hasta grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Damar fizyopatolojisi belirteçlerinden trombosit sayısı ve fibrinojen düzeylerinin hasta grubunda anlamlı olarak arttığı bulundu. İnflamasyon belirteçlerinden adenozin deaminaz, IL 1b, IL 6, IL 10 ve TNF α düzeyleri hasta grubunda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve yüksek bulunurken, CRP ve ferritin düzeyleri düşüktü. Migren hastalarında oksidatif stres, damar fizyopatolojisi ve inflamasyon belirteçleri birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, hastalardaki baskılanan ve azalan antioksidan düzeylerinin oksidatif stresi arttırdığı ve dolayısıyla inflamasyon ve damar fizyopatolojisi değişikliklerine neden olduğu sonucuna varıldı. Anahtar Kelimeler: Damar Fizyopatolojisi, İnflamasyon, Migren, Oksidatif Stres SUMMARY Investigation of the role of oxidative stress, factors of affecting vascular physiopathology and inflammation in migraine pathogenesis In our study, we compared oxidative stress, vascular pathophysiology and inflammation markers of migraine patients with healthy volunteers. Blood and urine samples were obtained from 27 healthy individuals and 27 patients with a diagnosis of migraine who applied to Neurology Outpatient Clinics of Umraniye Research and Training Hospital. Participants were between ages 18 – 49. Patients had their diagnosis established prior to the study and the volunteers in the control group had no systemic disease or relevant disorders. Urine samples were tested for malondialdehyde while erythrocytes were investigated for glutathione, glutathione related enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls. Plasma samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde, bilirubin, uric acid and albumin as oxidative stress parameters. Thrombocyte count and fibrinogen levels were measured for vascular physiopathology and IL 1b, IL 6, IL 10, TNF α, adenosine deaminase, CRP and ferritin was used as inflammation markers. Antioxidant levels were significantly lower in the patient group. Glutathione, glutathione related enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were also significantly lower. Albumin levels were similar in both groups whereas uric acid and bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the patient group. Similarly, protein carbonyls, which are oxidative damage markers as well as urine, plasma and erythrocyte malondialdehyde levels were higher in the patient group. Thrombocyte count and fibrinogen levels, both of which are vascular physiopathology markers, were found to increase in patient group. The participants in patient group had higher levels of adenosine deaminase, IL 1b, IL 6, IL 10 and TNF α as inflammation markers. On the other hand, CRP and ferritin levels were lower. Considering oxidative stress, vascular physiopathology and inflammation markers as a whole, we suggest that patients with migraine had increased oxidative stress due to suppressed and decreased levels of antioxidants and consequently had inflammatory and vascular changes. Key Words: Inflammation, Migraine, Oxidative Stress, Vascular Physiopatholog

Protective effects of silymarin against isotretinoin induced liver and kidney injury in mice

158-163Isotretinoin (ISR), the common therapeuticagent for acne vulgaris, when used long term, leads to various side effects viz., oxidative toxicity, renal and hepatic dysfunction, depression, congenital abnormalities, aortic art defects, microcephaly, etc. Here, we explored the effects of silymarin (SLY), a flavonolignan from the seeds of the milk thistle Silybum marianum (L.) which has potential to protect the liver against chemical and environmental toxins and increase proliferation rate of tubule cells, against ISR induced liver and kidney injury. Thirty-two male Balb/c mice (3 months of age) were divided into four groups: control, isotretinoin (ISR, 40 mg/kg/day), silymarin (SLY, 200 mg/kg/day), and ISR+SLY group. We investigated liver and kidney injury by histopathological scoring system, and apoptotic cells labelled by TUNEL method. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured in serum samples biochemically. ALT and AST levels were increased in ISR group (P = 0.025, P = 0.003, respectively). SLY decreased those levels in ISR+SLY group (P = 0.002, P = 0.013, respectively). Liver tissues of ISR group showed interstitial edema and necrosis, alteration in shape and size of nuclei, mononuclear and kuppfer cell infiltration. Kidney tissues of ISR group showed tubular degeneration, necrosis, glomerular collapse, mononuclear cell infiltration, and hemorrhage. SLY improved those histopathological changes and suppressed apoptotic cell death. We suggest that silymarin might be beneficial to some extent by preventing the side effects induced by chronic ISR therapy in patients with acne vulgaris

Evaluation of periostin level for predicting severity and chronicity of childhood atopic dermatitis.

Introduction: Periostin has some effects on the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) via release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from activated keratinocytes and it is related to chronicity of skin lesions

Biological activities of the Ornithogalum orthophyllum and its in silico ADMET profile

Background: The bulbs and aerial parts of Ornithogalum are used in Turkey both as food and to treat various ailments, and some of its medical applications are well known. However, the biological activities of Ornithogalum orthophyllum have not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to examine the antioxidant, urease and cholinesterase enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxic activities of different extracts obtained from the bulb and aerial parts of the O. orthophyllum plant. In addition, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties of some phenolic compounds in plants were examined in silico. Methods: The antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained from the aerial parts of O. orthophyllum was investigated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), ferric reducing antioxidant power, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity methods. Urease and cholinesterase enzyme inhibition were determined by using the indophenol and Gilman methods, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of the extracts was measured using a test based on the luminometric readings of the adenosine triphosphate levels of the cells. pkCSM, a free online web server (http://structure.bioc.cam.ac.uk/pkcsm) was used to predict the properties of the compounds analyzed. Results: The methanol extract of the aerial parts of O. orthophyllum was observed to have strong antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition potential. The petroleum ether extract of the aerial parts showed the highest anti-urease activity. The chloroform extract of the aerial parts exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect against A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. The absorption percentages of protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and p-coumaric acid compounds from the small intestine were between 71.17% and 93.49%, which were quite high. All the compounds were predicted to be unable to penetrate the central nervous system due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Not all compounds analyzed were predicted to have mutagenic, hepatotoxic, or minnow toxicity effects. Conclusion: The extracts obtained from the aerial parts of O. orthophyllum have strong biological activity and contain compounds that arc well-absorbed and do not have mutagenic, hepatotoxic, or minnow toxicity effects, suggesting that they can be used as natural medicinal and nutritional sources in the future

Assessment of association between the potential immunomodulatory activity and drinking olive leaf tea in the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: An observational study

Objective: During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, in addition to the current measures, the healthy immune system plays an essential role and various natural agents have been recommended to boost innate immunity. The aim of this study was to investigate any association between the potential immunomodulatory activity and drinking olive leaf tea (OLT) in the COVID-19 pandemic.Design: The study was conducted among the workers in a tractor factory where OLT was served in routine. Drinking at least one cup of OLT per day for a minimum of 1 month was the inclusion criteria used in the study. The workers who had a history of vaccination and COVID-19 were excluded from the study, and lymphocyte subsets, interleukin (IL)-2, IFN-gamma, COVID-19-specific IgM and IgG levels were analyzed in all the participants to determine the asymptomatic individuals among the participants and compare the immunological parameters.Results: The study was conducted among 336 workers, 183 of them were OLT drinkers and 153 were OLT nondrinkers. The results showed higher values of CD3(-)/CD16/56 (natural killer [NK]) cells, CD3(+)/CD16/56 (natural killer T [NKT]) cells, total NK (NK+NKT) cells, and serum IFN-gamma, and IL-2 levels in OLT drinkers compared to the nondrinkers. Although all the OLT drinkers and nondrinkers included in the study reported no history of COVID-19, specific COVID-19 IgG levels were found positive in 60% of OLT drinkers and 38% OLT nondrinkers.Conclusions: Peripheral NK and NKT cell values and IL-2 and IFN-gamma secretion levels were found higher in the OLT drinking group. There were positive correlations between the OLT drinking frequency and NK cell counts. Moreover, the number of individuals who had "asymptomatic" COVID-19 infection was higher in the OLT drinking group than in the nondrinking cohort.Clinical Trail: The trial has been registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database (CTR NCT05222347)