Türkiyede Konya ilinin kırsal kesimlerinde okul çağındaki çocuklarda efüzyonlu otitis media prevalansı

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Türkiyenin güneyinde yer alan Konya ilinin kırsal kesimlerinde yaşayan okul çağındaki çocuklarda güncel seröz otitis media (SOM) prevalansı değerlendirildi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ekim 2012 - Ocak 2013 tarihleri arasında yürütülen bu kesitsel çalışmaya Konya ilinin kırsal kesimlerinde 36 farklı ilkokula giden 2352 çocuk (1179 erkek, 1173 kız; ort. yaş 8.92.8 yıl; dağılım 4-15 yıl) dahil edildi. Otolojik yakınmalar, bulgular ve timpanometri bulguları kaydedildi. Seröz otitis media tanısı öykü, semptomlar, anormal otoskopi ve timpanogram sonuçlarına dayanarak konuldu. Bulgular: Toplam SOM prevalansı %4.6 idi. En yüksek prevalans dört yaşında idi (%11.2). Seröz otitis media prevalansı altı yaşında anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (%11.1). Tüm yaş gruplarında toplam prevalans erkeklerde (%6.17) kızlara (%3.16) kıyasla daha yüksekti (p0.05). Sonuç: Literatür ile karşılaştırıldığında, çalışmamızda toplam SOM prevalansı daha düşük idi. Birinci basamak sağlık hizmetinde önleyici ve tedavi edici stratejilerin gelişimi bu düşük oranda önemli etkiye sahip olabilir.Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the current prevalence of serous otitis media (SOM) among school age children living in rural areas of Konya province located in southern Turkey. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study which was conducted between October 2012 and January 2013 included 2,352 children (1,179 males, 1,173 females; mean age 8.9±2.8 years; range 4 to 15 years) who attended 36 different primary schools in rural parts of the Konya province. Otologic complaints, findings, and tympanometry results were recorded. Diagnosis of SOM was obtained based on history, symptoms, abnormal otoscopy and tympanogram findings. Results: The overall prevalence of SOM was 4.6%. The highest prevalence was at the age of four (11.2%). There was a significantly higher prevalence of SOM at the age of six (11.1%). The overall prevalence was higher in males (6.17%) compared to females (3.16%) in all age groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Compared to the literature, overall prevalence of SOM in our study was lower. Development of preventive and therapeutic strategies in the first step health care service may have a considerable effect on this low rate

Diagnosis of comorbid migraine without aura in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy based on the gray zone approach to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 criteria

BackgroundMigraine without aura (MwoA) is a very frequent and remarkable comorbidity in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy (I/GE). Frequently in clinical practice, diagnosis of MwoA may be challenging despite the guidance of current diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3). In this study, we aimed to disclose the diagnostic gaps in the diagnosis of comorbid MwoA, using a zone concept, in patients with I/GEs with headaches who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert.MethodsIn this multicenter study including 809 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of I/GE with or without headache, 163 patients who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert as having a comorbid MwoA were reevaluated. Eligible patients were divided into three subgroups, namely, full diagnosis, zone I, and zone II according to their status of fulfilling the ICHD-3 criteria. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was performed to bring out the meaningful predictors when evaluating patients with I/GEs for MwoA comorbidity, using the variables that were significant in the univariate analysis.ResultsLonger headache duration (<4 h) followed by throbbing pain, higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores, increase of pain by physical activity, nausea/vomiting, and photophobia and/or phonophobia are the main distinguishing clinical characteristics of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GE, for being classified in the full diagnosis group. Despite being not a part of the main ICHD-3 criteria, the presence of associated symptoms mainly osmophobia and also vertigo/dizziness had the distinguishing capability of being classified into zone subgroups. The most common epilepsy syndromes fulfilling full diagnosis criteria (n = 62) in the CART analysis were 48.39% Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy followed by 25.81% epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone.ConclusionLonger headache duration, throbbing pain, increase of pain by physical activity, photophobia and/or phonophobia, presence of vertigo/dizziness, osmophobia, and higher VAS scores are the main supportive associated factors when applying the ICHD-3 criteria for the comorbid MwoA diagnosis in patients with I/GEs. Evaluating these characteristics could be helpful to close the diagnostic gaps in everyday clinical practice and fasten the diagnostic process of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GEs

Software Process Improvement And Implementations In Turkey

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2006Yazılım projelerinin başarısı için birçok teknik ve araç geliştirilmiş, ancak başarısızlığın en temel nedenlerinden birinin, yazılım proje yönetim süreçlerinin içinde yattığının farkına varılmaya başlanmıştır. Görülmektedir ki, yazılım geliştirme işlemlerini destekleyen süreçlerin yokluğunda, projelerin başarıya ulaşma ihtimali çok düşüktür. Bu çalışmada, yazılım geliştirme süreci temel yönleriyle incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, yazılım geliştirme metotları, modelleri, teknik ve araçları, yazılım geliştirme sürecindeki temel aktiviteler, proje yönetim süreçleri (proje yönetim fonksiyonları,insan yönetimi, risk yönetimi, konfigürasyon yönetimi, kalite yönetimi ve ölçüm yönetimi), yazılım geliştirme sürecinin iyileştirilmesi ve modelleri, proje başarısızlık sebepleri, başarı faktörleri ele alınmıştır. Son aşamada ise Türkiye’de yazılım geliştiren şirketlere yazılım geliştirme süreçlerini ve süreç iyileştirme aktivitelerini anlamaya ilişkin bir anket sunulmuş ve elde edilen bulgular değerlendirilmiş, aynı zamanda eksik bulunan, iyileştirilmesi gereken noktalar saptanmıştır.For success of software projects, many techniques, tools have been developed, but now it has been noticed that the main reason of this failure lies in a process of project management. Without processes that support software development, the degree of probability of succeeding in these projects is too low. In this study, software development process was observed with main aspects. On this way, software development methods, models, techniques and tools, main activities in software development process, project management process (functions of project management, people management, risk management, configuration management, quality management and measurement management), software process improvement and models, reasons of failure of projects and success factors were observed. At last to gain insight to understand software development processes and software process improvement activities, a questionnaire was sent to a number of organizations in Turkey and findings were evaluated. At this time also, rooms for improvement were found.Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Maternal behaviour of Awassi sheep and behaviour of the lambs during the first hour after parturition

Data from sixty-one 2–5-year-old Awassi ewes (38 single and 23 twin births) were evaluated in order to determine behaviour at parturition and the following first hour. Observations were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, Pearson’s chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA. The Awassi sheep exhibited sniffing action after parturition as the initial behaviour, choosing the back part of the lamb. First licking and sniffing times were found to decrease with maternal age; calculated average data for these characteristics were 138.3 ± 15.39 and 118.3 ± 26.48 s for singlets, and 147.7 ± 15.12 and 123.6 ± 29.54 s for twins, respectively (P < 0.05). Total mean licking time was found to be 27.9 ± 0.81 min in single births and 26.2 ± 0.90 min in twin births. The mean first successful standing-up time was determined to be 23.2 ± 1.83 min in single births, 21.1 ± 1.63 min in the firstborn twin, and 20.2 ± 2.96 min in the second-born twin (P < 0.05). In the same order, the average suckling time of lambs was specified as 34.3 ± 2.27 min, 34.3 ± 2.50 min, and 29.2 ± 3.70 min (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, Awassi ewes showed good maternal behaviour and encouraged their lambs in standing up and suckling.Data from sixty-one 2–5-year-old Awassi ewes (38 single and 23 twin births) were evaluated in order to determine behaviour at parturition and the following first hour. Observations were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, Pearson’s chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA. The Awassi sheep exhibited sniffing action after parturition as the initial behaviour, choosing the back part of the lamb. First licking and sniffing times were found to decrease with maternal age; calculated average data for these characteristics were 138.3 ± 15.39 and 118.3 ± 26.48 s for singlets, and 147.7 ± 15.12 and 123.6 ± 29.54 s for twins, respectively (P < 0.05). Total mean licking time was found to be 27.9 ± 0.81 min in single births and 26.2 ± 0.90 min in twin births. The mean first successful standing-up time was determined to be 23.2 ± 1.83 min in single births, 21.1 ± 1.63 min in the firstborn twin, and 20.2 ± 2.96 min in the second-born twin (P < 0.05). In the same order, the average suckling time of lambs was specified as 34.3 ± 2.27 min, 34.3 ± 2.50 min, and 29.2 ± 3.70 min (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, Awassi ewes showed good maternal behaviour and encouraged their lambs in standing up and suckling

1.-8. Sınıf Türkçe Ders Kitaplarındaki Metne Dayalı Anlama Sorularının İncelenmesi

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki (1.-8. Sınıf) metne dayalı anlama sorularını metin türüne, cevap kaynaklarına ve Barrett taksonomisine dayalı olarak incelemektir. Nitel yaklaşıma dayalı olarak yürütülen çalışmada veriler doküman incelemesine dayalı olarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma materyallerini Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılı için hazırlanmış 1.-8. sınıflarda okutulan Türkçe Ders Kitapları oluşturmaktadır. Yapılan incelemenin sonunda 179 metne yönelik 960 anlama sorusu çözümlenmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesi süreci araştırmanın alt sorularına dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada ilk bulgu olarak, Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metin türlerinin yaklaşık yarısının öyküleyici türde (%49,7), geri kalanların ise bilgilendirici (%28,5) ve şiir (%21,7) türünde olduğu, bu bulguya paralel olarak da en çok sorunun öyküleyici metin türünde olduğu belirlenmiştir. İkinci olarak, Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki metne dayalı anlama sorularının büyük bir kısmının metin içi anlama sorularından oluştuğu (%78,3), metin dışı sorulara az yer verildiği (%21,7), metinler arası soruların ise hiç sorulmadığı anlaşılmıştır. Üçüncü olarak, metne dayalı anlama sorularının Barrett taksonomisine göre, büyük bir kısmının basit anlama (%66,8) düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yeniden organize etme (%10,4), çıkarımsal anlama (%8,8), değerlendirme (%12,6) ve takdir (%1,4) türünde sorulara da az oranlarda yer verildiği belirlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Okuduğunu anlama, metin türü, Barrett taksonomis

Maternal behaviour of Awassi sheep and behaviour of the lambs during the first hour after parturition

Data from sixty-one 2–5-year-old Awassi ewes (38 single and 23 twin births) were evaluated in order to determine behaviour at parturition and the following first hour. Observations were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, Pearson’s chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA. The Awassi sheep exhibited sniffing action after parturition as the initial behaviour, choosing the back part of the lamb. First licking and sniffing times were found to decrease with maternal age; calculated average data for these characteristics were 138.3 ± 15.39 and 118.3 ± 26.48 s for singlets, and 147.7 ± 15.12 and 123.6 ± 29.54 s for twins, respectively (P < 0.05). Total mean licking time was found to be 27.9 ± 0.81 min in single births and 26.2 ± 0.90 min in twin births. The mean first successful standing-up time was determined to be 23.2 ± 1.83 min in single births, 21.1 ± 1.63 min in the firstborn twin, and 20.2 ± 2.96 min in the second-born twin (P < 0.05). In the same order, the average suckling time of lambs was specified as 34.3 ± 2.27 min, 34.3 ± 2.50 min, and 29.2 ± 3.70 min (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, Awassi ewes showed good maternal behaviour and encouraged their lambs in standing up and suckling.Data from sixty-one 2–5-year-old Awassi ewes (38 single and 23 twin births) were evaluated in order to determine behaviour at parturition and the following first hour. Observations were subjected to Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests, Pearson’s chi-square test, independent samples t-test, and ANOVA. The Awassi sheep exhibited sniffing action after parturition as the initial behaviour, choosing the back part of the lamb. First licking and sniffing times were found to decrease with maternal age; calculated average data for these characteristics were 138.3 ± 15.39 and 118.3 ± 26.48 s for singlets, and 147.7 ± 15.12 and 123.6 ± 29.54 s for twins, respectively (P < 0.05). Total mean licking time was found to be 27.9 ± 0.81 min in single births and 26.2 ± 0.90 min in twin births. The mean first successful standing-up time was determined to be 23.2 ± 1.83 min in single births, 21.1 ± 1.63 min in the firstborn twin, and 20.2 ± 2.96 min in the second-born twin (P < 0.05). In the same order, the average suckling time of lambs was specified as 34.3 ± 2.27 min, 34.3 ± 2.50 min, and 29.2 ± 3.70 min (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, Awassi ewes showed good maternal behaviour and encouraged their lambs in standing up and suckling

Suitibility of hair goat breeding with regards to organic production

Tarımsal üretimin entansifleşmesi artan nüfusun beslenebilmesi için gerekçe olsa da son yıllarda toplumun bilinçlenmesine paralel olarak organik ya da ekolojik ürünlere talep artmaktadır. Yetiştirme sistemi nedeni ile bu yapıya uygun olan ya da birkaç düzenleme ile uygun hale gelebilecek olan Kıl keçi yetiştiriciliği Türkiye'nin büyük bir bölümünde yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kıl keçi yetiştiriciliği Organik Tarımın Esasları ve Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, melezleme tehdidi altında olan Kıl keçinin organik üretim kapsamında değerlendirilmesi ile sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması bakımından önemlidir.Although the intensification of agricultural production is the reason for feeding of increasing human population the demand for organic or ecological products is increasing in parallel with the social consciousness in recent years. Hair goat breeding is made in a large part of Turkey that is suitable or may become suitable for organic production system with a few arrangements. In this study, Hair goat breeding was evaluated together with the Regulation on the Principles and Implementation of Organic Agriculture. The study is important in terms of ensuring sustainability of hair goats under the threat of crossbreeding by assessing it within organic production

Health-related quality of life and health care services expectations of the patients with lung cancer

Küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri (KHDAK) tüm akciğer kanser tanılarının yaklaşık %80’ini oluşturur. Genellikle, bu tip akciğer kanserlerinin 2/3’ü tanı anında ileri evreye sahiptir ve prognoz oldukça kötü seyreder. Hastaların evrelerine göre tedavilerinde, kemoterapi ve/veya eş zamanlı kemoradyoterapi uygulanmaktadır. Tedavide kullanılan güçlü kemoterapötikler ve radyoterapiye bağlı olarak yan etkiler de bu oranda ağır seyretmektedir. Bu çalışma, akciğer kanseri olan hastaların yaşam kaliteleri ve sağlık bakım hizmet beklentilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya, ileri evre küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanserli 40 hasta alınmıştır. Araştırmada hastaların yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için SF-36 yaşam kalitesi ölçeği, depresyon ve kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon skalası (HAD), performans düzeylerini saptamak için de ECOG performans ölçeği kullanılmıştır. SF-36 yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda hastaların tüm alt ölçeklerde puan ortalamalarının 50’nin altında olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). En düşük puan ortalamaları, emosyonel ve fiziksel rol güçlüğü alt ölçeklerinden alınmıştır. HAD ölçeğine göre, hastaların anksiyete ölçek puan ortalaması 8.4±4.2 (sınırda-anormal) olarak saptanırken, depresyon ölçek puan ortalaması 7.6±4.8 olarak (normal) belirlenmiştir. Hastaların ECOG performans değerlendirmelerinde %20.5’inin 0, %44.1’inin 1, %32.4’ünün 2, %2.5’inin 3 skor aldıkları saptanmıştır. Küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri hastalarının yaşam kalitelerinin düşük olduğu, psikolojik ve fizyolojik fonksiyonlarının bozulduğu ve yeterince sağlık bakım hizmeti alamadıkları gözlenmiştir.Non-small cell lung cancer is approximately 80% of all lung cancer. This type of lung cancer is usually presented with advanced stage at diagnosis and have a very poor prognosis. The management of non-small cell cancer at those stages generally is chemotherapy and/or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. However, potent chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy have serious adverse effects. This study aimed to determine lung cancer patients&amp;#8217; expectations from health care providers, and levels of anxiety and depression besides health-related quality of life. This study was performed on 40 patients diagnosed as advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer at Başkent University hospitals in Turkey. SF-36 questionnaire was used to determine health- related quality of life, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was used to determine depression and anxiety level, and ECOG performance scale was used for performance evaluation. SF-36 scale yielded less than 50 points in all subscale evaluations (p&lt;0.05). The lowest mean scores were observed in emotional and physical role enforsement subscales. Calculations of hospital anxiety and depression scale showed 8.4 &plusmn; 4.16 mean scale for anxiety (at borderline), and 7.6 &plusmn; 4.8 for depression (normal). ECOG performance status was 0 for 20.5%, 1 for 44.1%, 2 for 32.4% and 3 score for 2.5% of the patients. Most of the non-small cell lung cancer patients had poor quality of life, with deterioration of both psychological and physiological function. We observed that those patients could not get necessary health care

Health-related quality of life and health care services expectations of the patients with lung cancer

Küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri (KHDAK) tüm akciğer kanser tanılarının yaklaşık %80’ini oluşturur. Genellikle, bu tip akciğer kanserlerinin 2/3’ü tanı anında ileri evreye sahiptir ve prognoz oldukça kötü seyreder. Hastaların evrelerine göre tedavilerinde, kemoterapi ve/veya eş zamanlı kemoradyoterapi uygulanmaktadır. Tedavide kullanılan güçlü kemoterapötikler ve radyoterapiye bağlı olarak yan etkiler de bu oranda ağır seyretmektedir. Bu çalışma, akciğer kanseri olan hastaların yaşam kaliteleri ve sağlık bakım hizmet beklentilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya, ileri evre küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanserli 40 hasta alınmıştır. Araştırmada hastaların yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek için SF-36 yaşam kalitesi ölçeği, depresyon ve kaygı düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon skalası (HAD), performans düzeylerini saptamak için de ECOG performans ölçeği kullanılmıştır. SF-36 yaşam kalitesi ölçeğinin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda hastaların tüm alt ölçeklerde puan ortalamalarının 50’nin altında olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). En düşük puan ortalamaları, emosyonel ve fiziksel rol güçlüğü alt ölçeklerinden alınmıştır. HAD ölçeğine göre, hastaların anksiyete ölçek puan ortalaması 8.4±4.2 (sınırda-anormal) olarak saptanırken, depresyon ölçek puan ortalaması 7.6±4.8 olarak (normal) belirlenmiştir. Hastaların ECOG performans değerlendirmelerinde %20.5’inin 0, %44.1’inin 1, %32.4’ünün 2, %2.5’inin 3 skor aldıkları saptanmıştır. Küçük hücreli dışı akciğer kanseri hastalarının yaşam kalitelerinin düşük olduğu, psikolojik ve fizyolojik fonksiyonlarının bozulduğu ve yeterince sağlık bakım hizmeti alamadıkları gözlenmiştir.Non-small cell lung cancer is approximately 80% of all lung cancer. This type of lung cancer is usually presented with advanced stage at diagnosis and have a very poor prognosis. The management of non-small cell cancer at those stages generally is chemotherapy and/or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. However, potent chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy have serious adverse effects. This study aimed to determine lung cancer patients&amp;#8217; expectations from health care providers, and levels of anxiety and depression besides health-related quality of life. This study was performed on 40 patients diagnosed as advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer at Başkent University hospitals in Turkey. SF-36 questionnaire was used to determine health- related quality of life, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) was used to determine depression and anxiety level, and ECOG performance scale was used for performance evaluation. SF-36 scale yielded less than 50 points in all subscale evaluations (p&lt;0.05). The lowest mean scores were observed in emotional and physical role enforsement subscales. Calculations of hospital anxiety and depression scale showed 8.4 &plusmn; 4.16 mean scale for anxiety (at borderline), and 7.6 &plusmn; 4.8 for depression (normal). ECOG performance status was 0 for 20.5%, 1 for 44.1%, 2 for 32.4% and 3 score for 2.5% of the patients. Most of the non-small cell lung cancer patients had poor quality of life, with deterioration of both psychological and physiological function. We observed that those patients could not get necessary health care

Microsatellite panels for parentage testing of Kilis goats reared in Turkey

The aim of this study was to develop PCR-based suitable microsatellite marker panels for paternity testing and to define pedigree errors in Kilis goats. A total of 137 head of goats were used, consisting of 118 head of kids and 19 head of possible candidate sires. A total of 392 alleles were observed in 22 microsatellite markers. Allele numbers ranged between 12 (SRCRSP7) and 24 (BM1818, INRA0023, and SRCRSP15) with an average of 17.82. The mean value of the effective allele numbers was obtained as 9.44. The overall polymorphic information content value was quite high (0.88). The overall observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values for all studied loci were 0.89 and 0.89, respectively. Paternity test panels for the Kilis goat population studied were created based on individual probability of exclusion of microsatellites in multiplex groups. Combined probability of exclusion (CPE) values for different panels ranged between 0.745 (Panel-1) and 0.9999 (Panel-22), while the combined identification probability (CPI) values were obtained in the range of 9.81 × 10–3 (Panel-1) to 6.96 × 10–21 (Panel-22). As a result of this study, it can be stated that panels with 0.999 CPE values can be used at the most reasonable cost and with high reliability in paternity tests to be performed in Kilis goats, which can be a reference for other populations