“Çok Fazla Gerçeği Taşıyalım:” T. S. Eliot’ın ‘Burnt Norton’ şiirindeki yabancı

“Burnt Norton” (1935), the first section of T. S. Eliot’s Four Quartets (1942), mirrors the poet’s inquisitive approach towards the complexity of human condition in the modern age, particularly focusing on the central concepts of life, time, death, or eternity. Engaged in an existentialist exploration of such notions, Eliot designs the Quartets as an analogical musical composition. “Burnt Norton,” as the leading movement of the whole piece, becomes the first notes in Eliot’s poetic musicality in his entire work, with its variance in tone and poetic form and a rhythmical obsession with certain themes such as life, time, infinity, or memory. This paper aims to analyze such modernist pursuits voiced in the poem by treating its persona as a “Stranger,” or a typical quester of existentialist philosophy. As an English philosopher/author, Colin Wilson contributes to the development of the continental philosophy of existentialism, specifically identifying major characteristics of the Outsider figure. Wilson’s analytical work, The Outsider (1956) serves as a theoretical frame to characterize the speaker of the poem as an Outsider in this paper. It argues that the speaker of the Quartets, as primarily reflected in “Burnt Norton,” presents similar central existentialist crises of simultaneously searching for the ways to explore reality or denying its possibility. He questions how much reality a human being “bears” without any meaningful attempt to understand it, and invites the reader to recognize their own unfit answers that deny their position as Outsiders in modern life.T.S. Eliot’ın Dört Kuartet (1942) eserinin ilk bölümü olan “Burnt Norton” (1935), özellikle hayat, zaman, ölüm veya sonsuzluk gibi temel kavramlara odaklanarak, şairin modern çağdaki insan hâlinin karmaşıklığına yönelik sorgulayıcı yaklaşımını yansıtır. Bu gibi kavramları varoluşsalcı bir incelemeye tâbi tutan Eliot, Kuartet’ı analojik bir müzikal kompozisyon olarak tasarlar. Ton ve şiirsel formundaki çeşitlilik ile yaşam, zaman, sonsuzluk veya hafıza gibi konulara olan ritmik takıntısıyla “Burnt Norton,” bu kompozisyonun ilk parçası olarak, Eliot’ın tüm eserde görülen şiirsel müzikalitesinin ilk notalarını oluşturur. Bu makalenin amacı, şiirin konuşan kişisini varoluşsal felsefenin tipik maceracısı olan bir Yabancı olarak kabul edip, şiirde dile getirilen söz konusu modernist arayışları incelemektir. İngiliz filozof/yazar Colin Wilson, özellikle Yabancı figürünün temel özelliklerini belirleyerek kıtasal varoluşsal felsefesinin gelişimine katkıda bulunur. Bu makalede, Wilson’ın analitik eseri Yabancı (1956) şiirin konuşan kişisini bir Yabancı olarak karakterize etmek için kuramsal bir çerçeve oluşturur. Öncelikle “Burnt Norton” şiirinde görüldüğü üzere, Kuartet’ın konuşan kişisinin gerçeği keşfetmek ya da bunun olasılığını reddetmek gibi benzer temel varoluşsal sancıları vardır. Dizelerde bir insanın gerçeği anlamak için herhangi bir anlamlı çabası olmaksızın o gerçeğe ne kadar “katlanacağını” sorgular ve okuyucuya birer Yabancı olarak modern yaşamdaki yerlerini reddettiren kendi eksik cevaplarını bulmak için çağrıda bulunur

Fiziksel manzaralardan zihinsel manzaralara: Jane Austen'ın Emma'sındaki mekan kavramına ekoeleştirel yaklaşımlar

This article aims to analyze Jane Austen’s Emma (1816) with a specialized interest in environmental consciousness and place-based identities, presented in the novel, through a close textual analysis of the relationship between the characters and their environment. Accordingly, it discusses the potential of the sense of place to invoke certain environmental values through which the readers could appreciate the interdependent relationship between human beings and their natural surroundings. To this end, it first discusses how Austen’s “environmental imagination” (to use Lawrence Buell’s term) works through Emma to draw a parallelism between the environment in which she grew up as a child, that is, Steventon, and her fictional environment that she created for this specific novel, Highbury. The reflections of her environmental imagination are particularly worth revisiting in line of the environmental ethics philosopher Jim Cheney’s idea of the parallelism between “landscapes and mindscapes” and Holmes Rolston III’s “storied residences”. These two theorists similarly suggest that landscapes are directly or indirectly reflected through mindscapes, and narrative is the most convenient mode to contextualize this parallelism. Building on these theoretical insights, this article displays how Austen is a keen observer of her natural surroundings but also argues that there is a place-based approach in her characters that potentially offer an environmental consciousness for the reader in Emma, explored within the special light of the ecocritical understanding of place

Ecological Interactions: The Sense of Place in E. M. Forster’s Howards End, D. H. Lawrence’s The Rainbow, And Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway

The aim of this dissertation is to examine how E. M. Forster, D. H. Lawrence, and Virginia Woolf’s place-conscious narratives, respectively Howards End (1910), The Rainbow (1914), and Mrs Dalloway (1925) reflect an ecoconscious approach in their contextualisations of modernist sense of place. For this purpose, this dissertation engages itself with a theoretical background that discusses various conceptualisations of place from philosophical to ecocritical studies. The main critical focus is on the writers’ modernist depiction of the relationship between the characters and the environment, employed within a different mode that can be relatively associated with the notions of place as constructed by the theories of bioregionalism, dark pastoral, and urban ecocriticism. Due to their special interest in depicting the sense of being environed or emplaced as a primary concern for the characters, the selected novels display a sense of place that introduces an ecologically informed perspective on human-place connections, and constructed through subjective, experiential, and dynamic interactions between the characters and their environment. It is demonstrated that each novel develops a sense of place that point to an ecological interconnectedness through their literary representations of the sense of place.Bu tezin amacı, E. M. Forster, D. H. Lawrence ve Virginia Woolf’un mekân-bilinçli eserleri Howards End (1910), The Rainbow (1914) (Gökkuşağı) ve Mrs Dalloway (1925) (Bayan Dalloway)’in modernist mekân algısını eko-bilinçli bir yaklaşımla nasıl sunduğunu incelemektir. Bu amaçla, felsefeden ekoeleştirel çalışmalara mekân algısının farklı anlamlarını tartışan kuramsal bir çerçeve kullanılır. Yazarların karakterleri ve onların çevreleriyle olan ilişkisinin modernist temsiline odaklanılarak, bunları sırasıyla biyo-bölgeselcilik, karanlık pastoral ve kentsel ekoeleştiri kuramlarıyla tanımlanan mekân algılarıyla özdeşleştirilir. Karakterleri için çevrelerinin ve belirli bir çevrede olmanın birincil önem arz ettiği mekân kavramını betimleme konusundaki özel ilgilerinden dolayı, seçilen romanlar, karakterlerin çevreleri ile kurduğu öznel, deneyimsel ve dinamik etkileşimleriyle oluşturulan insan-mekân ilişkileri üzerine ekolojik bir bilinç sağlayan bir mekân algısı ortaya koyar. Sonuç olarak, seçilen her bir romanın karakterler ve çevreleri arasındaki ilişkinin edebî temsillerinde ekolojik bir birbirine bağlantılılık geliştirdiği gösterilmiştir

Nostalgic (Re)Visions of Englishness in Merchant Ivory’s Adaptation of Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day

*Göçmen, Gülşah ( Aksaray, Yazar )This article argues that the adaptation of Kazuo Ishiguro’s novel The Remains of the Day (1989) by Merchant Ivory evokes nostalgia as a trope that glorifies the imperial past of the British through portraying extravagantly both the butler protagonist’s professionalism and his attachment to the country house (Darlington Hall), one of the symbolic places used in heritage cinema. In the novel, Stevens’ sense of nostalgia is presented as a sensual impetus or a blueprint to revisit the past to construct a more insightful understanding of the self. Analysing both uses of nostalgia in the source text and its adaptation, this article reveals that the Merchant Ivory adaptation (1993) limits its nostalgic perspective to depicting the idealised imperial past, and it does not evoke any dissident conception of nostalgia for the audience as the novel provides through its protagonist’s retrospection for the reader. Discussing the politics and contextual background of the adaptation, it concludes that Merchant Ivory’s film version of Ishiguro’s novel exemplifies characteristics of heritage cinema to convey dominantly conservative ideologies such as elitism and nationalism as common norms upheld in Thatcher’s Britain

The effect of supplementation of soybean oil, acidulated sunflower oil soapstock and their combinations in laying hen diets on performance, egg quality and fatty acid composition of egg yolk

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levesl of dietary soybean oil and acidulated sunflower oil soapstock on performance, egg quality and fatty acid profile of egg yolk in laying hens, . A total of 75, 44-week-old Hy-Line W36 laying hens were distributed into five treatments according to a completely randomized experimental design, consisting of soybean oil, acidulated sunflower oil soapstock (ASS) dietary inclusion levels (25, 50, 75 and 100 %), with five replicates of three birds each. The experiment was lasted in 84 days. Dietary treatments had no significant effect on body weight change, egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight and egg mass. The dietary inclusion of ASS i had no significant effect on egg specific gravity, egg shell breaking strength, egg shell weight and egg shell thickness, egg shape index, albumen index, yolk index, albumen pH, yolk pH but haugh unit L, a, b color value. . The inclusion of different levels of soybean oil and ASS in the diet of laying hens had no significant effect on palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid contents of egg yolk. It is concluded that the soybean oil can be replaced by ASS without any adverse effect on performance and egg quality in laying hen diets

Effects of Cellular Insulin Receptor Stimulators with Alkaline Water on Performance, Plasma Cholesterol, Glucose, Triglyceride Levels and Hatchability in Breeding Japanese Quail

Aim of this study is to determine the effects of cellular insulin receptor stimulators on performance, plasma glucose, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, triglyceride, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormone levels, and incubation features in the breeding Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica). In the study, a total of 84 breeding quails was used, 6 weeks’ age, 24 are male and 60, female. Rations used in experiment are 2900 kcal/kg metabolic energy and 20% crude protein. Water pH is calibrated to 7.45. Ration and water were administered ad-libitum to the animals. As metformin source, metformin-HCl was used and as chrome resource, chromium picolinate was used. Trial groups were formed as control group (basal ration), metformin group (basal ration, added metformin at the level of feed of 20 mg/kg), and chromium picolinate (basal ration, added feed of 1500 ppb Cr) group. When regarded to the results of performance at the end of experiment, it is seen that live weight gain, feed consumption, egg weight, feed conversion ratio (Feed consumption/ egg weight), and egg production were affected at the significant level (p < 0.05). When the results are evaluated in terms of incubation features, hatchability and hatchability of fertile egg ratio were not affected from the treatments. Fertility ratio was significantly affected by metformin and chromium picolinate treatments and fertility rose at the significant level compared to control group (p < 0.05). According to results of experiment, plasma glucose level was not affected by metformin and chromium picolinate treatments. Plasma, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels were significantly affected from insulin receptor stimulators added to ration (p < 0.05). Hormone level of Plasma T3 and T4 were also affected at the significant level from insulin receptor stimulators added to ration (p < 0.05)

İngiliz Edebiyatında Toplumsal Cinsiyet

Bu kitabın oluşmasında özveriyle ve titizlikle çalışan katılımcı genç akademisyen arkadaşlara, baskıya hazırlayan Hacettepe Üniversitesi Basımevine ve kitabın yayımlanmasına izin ve destek veren Hacettepe Üniversitesi Rektörlüğüne teşekkürlerimizi sunarız