Insularity determines nestling sex ratio variation in Egyptian vulture populations

Research was funded and supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (CGL2007-61395, CGL2010-15726, CGL2013-42451-P), the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-109685GB-I00, RTI2018-099609-B-C21), Junta de Andalucía (P18-RT-1321, EMERIGIA 2021.1524, FEDER 2021_1073), Diputación General de Aragón, Gobierno de las Islas Baleares, Gobierno de Canarias, Cabildo Insular de Fuerteventura, Junta de Castilla y León, and Comunidad de Bardenas Reales de Navarra. G.G.L. was supported by a FPU fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (FPU19/06511). A.S.A. was supported by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of Science (RYC-2017-22796). E.A. was supported by La Caixa-Severo Ochoa International PhD Program 2015; Generalitat Valenciana and European Social Fund (APOSTD/2021), and Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Contracts (FJC2021-047885-I). M.G.A. was supported by a contract from “Programa de FPU del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte” (FPU13/05429). A.C.A. was supported by EMERGIA Program from Junta de Andalucía. IMEDEA is an accredited “Maria de Maeztu Excellence Unit” (ref. CEX2021-001198/funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033).Variation in offspring sex ratio, particularly in birds, has been frequently studied over the last century, although seldom using long-term monitoring data. In raptors, the cost of raising males and females is not equal, and several variables have been found to have significant effects on sex ratio, including food availability, parental age, and hatching order. Sex ratio differences between island populations and their mainland counterparts have been poorly documented, despite broad scientific literature on the island syndrome reporting substantial differences in population demography and ecology. Here, we assessed individual and environmental factors potentially affecting the secondary sex ratio of the long-lived Egyptian vulture Neophron percnopterus. We used data collected from Spanish mainland and island populations over a ca. 30-year period (1995-2021) to assess the effects of insularity, parental age, breeding phenology, brood size, hatching order, type of breeding unit (pairs vs. trios), and spatial and temporal variability on offspring sex ratio. No sex bias was found at the population level, but two opposite trends were observed between mainland and island populations consistent with the island syndrome. Offspring sex ratio was nonsignificantly female-biased in mainland Spain (0.47, n = 1112) but significantly male-biased in the Canary Islands (0.55, n = 499), where a male-biased mortality among immatures could be compensating for offspring biases and maintaining a paired adult sex ratio. Temporal and spatial variation in food availability might also have some influence on sex ratio, although the difficulties in quantifying them preclude us from determining the magnitude of such influence. This study shows that insularity influences the offspring sex ratio of the Egyptian vulture through several processes that can affect island and mainland populations differentially. Our research contributes to improving our understanding of sex allocation theory by investigating whether sex ratio deviations from parity are possible as a response to changing environments comprised by multiple and complexly interrelated factors.Spanish GovernmentJunta de AndalucíaGobierno de Aragon CGL2013-42451-P, CGL2010-15726, CGL2007-61395Gobierno de las Islas Baleares; Gobierno de Canarias RTI2018-099609-B-C21, PID2019-109685GB-I00Cabildo Insular de Fuerteventura FEDER 2021_1073, EMERIGIA 2021.1524, P18-RT-1321Junta de Castilla y LeónComunidad de MadridRamon y Cajal fellowship of the Spanish Ministry of ScienceLa Caixa-Severo Ochoa International PhD ProgramGeneralitat Valenciana and European Social Fund FPU19/06511Spanish Government RYC-2017-22796Programa de FPU del Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y DeporteJunta de Andalucía APOSTD/2021FJC2021-047885-I, FPU13/05429MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033: CEX2021-00119

Proyecto de nave para eventos y edificio anexo en el municipio de Ayora (Valencia)

[ES] Desde hace algunos años, en el Valle de Ayora-Cofrentes se ha experimentado un aumento importante en la celebración de eventos generalmente de índole agroalimentaria tales como: La Feria del Almez en Jarafuel o El Primer Corte de la Miel en Ayora, entre otros, sugiriéndose la necesidad de unas instalaciones que den cabida a la creciente afluencia de expositores y público. La edificación objeto de proyecto consiste en una nave de estructura singular de cubierta colgante en acero y de planta rectangular, de 48 m de anchura y 84 m de longitud, formando una superficie total de 4032 m2 . Estará formada por pórticos en celosía principales y pórticos secundarios. La estructura incluirá dos pilares centrales con mástiles atirantados. Además, la nave incluirá un Edificio Anexo de planta cuadrada cuya estructura principal consistirá en tres pórticos ortogonales de dos alturas y dos vanos de 6 y 5.6 m, a base de pilares y jácenas de hormigón armado. Siendo las dimensiones del edificio las siguientes: 11.72 m de lado y 8.40 m de altura respecto a la solera de la planta baja. Este edificio contará, en la planta baja, con un vestíbulo/recepción y dos vestuarios, uno de ellos accesible para discapacitados. Encontrándose en la primera planta un aseo, un archivo, una sala de juntas y la administración. De acuerdo a la normativa vigente de la Escuela en materia de PFM, los documentos a elaborar por parte del alumno son una memoria en la que se describirán el conjunto de las instalaciones y sus correspondientes anejos. Asimismo, se elaborarán los planos acordes a las instalaciones descritas, y se redactará un pliego de condiciones generales y un presupuesto.[EN] Since some years the Ayora-Cofrentes Valley has experienced a significant increase in the celebration of events generally of an agri-food nature such as: La Feria del Almez in Jarafuel or El Primer Corte de la Miel in Ayora, among others, suggesting The need for facilities that will accommodate the growing influx of exhibitors and public. The building object of project consists of a industrial bay of singular structure of hanging roof in steel and of rectangular plant, of 48 m of width and 84 ms of length, forming a total surface of 4032 m2. It will be formed by main lattice frames and secondary porticoes. The structure will include two central pillars with cable stayed masts. In addition, the industrial bay will include a Building attached of square plant whose main structure will consist of three orthogonal porticoes of two heights and two spans of 6 and 5.6 m, based on pillars and reinforced concrete beams. The dimensions of the building being: 11.72 m on the side and 8.40 m on the ground floor. This building will have on the ground floor a reception area and two locker rooms, one of which is accessible for the disabled. Being on the first floor a toilet, a file, a boardroom and administratio According to applicable regulations from the School-based on PFM, the documents which have to be elaborated by the college student consist of a memory which are describing the set of facilities and their corresponding annexes. In addition, it is elaborated a set of plans according to the installations, and it is composed a tender specifications and the budget.López Gómez, G. (2017). Proyecto de nave para eventos y edificio anexo en el municipio de Ayora (Valencia). http://hdl.handle.net/10251/85393

Estación depuradora de aguas residuales (E.D.A.R.) en el municipio de Carcelén (Albacete)

[ES] Desde hace algunos años se han evidenciado vertidos de aguas residuales urbanas en la población de Carcelén (Albacete) que superan los valores límites máximos autorizados por el Organismo de Cuenca, debido a un aumento de la carga orgánica de diseño de la depuradora actual. El objeto del presente Proyecto Final de Grado es el diseño de una nueva Estación Depuradora de Aguas Residuales adecuada a las características actuales de los vertidos generados en este municipio. Para la selección de la tecnología de depuración de la nueva EDAR, se realizará un análisis de alternativas en base a diversos criterios, resultando la solución más adecuada la compuesta por los siguientes elementos: órganos de entrada con aliviadero de pluviales, pretratamiento compuesto por un canal de desbaste con reja de limpieza automática, y manual en el canal en by-pass y desarenador estático, tratamiento primario basado en un tanque Imhoff, y como tratamiento secundario un Humedal Artificial de Flujo Subsuperficial. De acuerdo a la normativa vigente de la Escuela en materia de PFG, los documentos a elaborar por parte del alumno son una memoria en la que se describirán el conjunto de instalaciones de depuración enumeradas anteriormente, un anejo de dimensionado de las mismas, y otro anejo de cálculo de la instalación hidráulica. Asimismo, se elaborará un conjunto de planos acorde a las instalaciones descritas, y se redactará un pliego de condiciones generales y un presupuesto[EN] Since some years it has been demonstrated discharges from residual urban water at Carcelén, a little village of Albacete (Spain), which exceed the authorized maximum limit values by the present Organism, due to the increase of organic quantity from current treatment plant. The principal objective of this Final Grade Project is based on design a new Wastewater Treatment Plant which adapted to the present waste produced characteristics from this place. The selection of the new Treatment Plant technology is going to be selected by comparison between different alternatives based on various criteria, the most appropriate solution is made up by the following elements: entrance structures with storm water overflows, pretreatment which is an automatic roughing screen bar, and other one not automatic on by-pass and a static sand removal equipment, primary treatment based on a tank Imhoff, and an artificial wetland treat water of subsuperficial flow as secondary treatment . According to applicable regulations from the School-based on PFG, the documents which have to be elaborated by the college student consist of a memory which are describing the combination of wastewater treatment installations listed above, an attachment of the installation design, and other attachment of a calculation from the hydraulic installation. In addition, it is elaborated a set of plans according to the installations, and it is composed a tender specifications and the budget.López Gómez, G. (2015). Estación depuradora de aguas residuales (E.D.A.R.) en el municipio de Carcelén (Albacete). http://hdl.handle.net/10251/62059.TFG

Arthropod pests and their management, natural enemies and flora visitors associated with castor (Ricinus communis), a biofuel plant: a review.

Interest in bioenergetic crops, such as the castor oil plant Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae), for production of biodiesel has increased in recent years. In this paper, phytophagous arthropods, their natural enemies and floral visitors associated with this plant in the world are reviewed. Despite its insecticidal properties, arthropods have been reported feeding on R. communis plants. The arthropod pests of R. communis damage all parts of the plant, including the seeds, where some toxic compounds are even more concentrated. In the scientific databases, we found reports of 193 arthropods associated to R. communis in different parts of the world. This information obtained in the scientific databases was concentrated in a database and analyzed according to the coevolutive hypothesis, which allows us to predict that the greatest wealth and abundance of phytogenic arthropods is found in the center of origin by R. communis. According to this review, Achaea janata, Spodoptera litura, Edwardsiana flavescens, Liriomyza trifolii, L. sativae, Spilosoma obliqua, Cogenethes punctiferalis, Oxyrhachis taranda, and Helicoverpa armigera are the most devastating pests in Asia. In Africa, Agrotis ipsilon, S. exigua, Nezara viridula, Trialeurodes ricini, and Tetranychus urticae were mentioned as the most important. In Central and South-America, Phyllophaga sp., Agrietes sp., Erinnyis ello, N. viridula, Corythucha gossypii, Falconia antioquiana, and S. marima are reported as pests of economic importance. The most commonly reported natural enemies of some of these arthropod pests were species of Bacillus thuringiensis, B. cereus, B. popilliae, Trichogramma achaeae, T. chilonis, T. minutum, T. australicum, T. dendrolimi, T. pretiosum, T. evanescens, Microplitis rufiventris, M. maculipennis, M. ophiusae, Telenomus remus, T. proditor, Stethorus siphonulus and S. histrio. Apis mellifera is recorded as the main insect pollinator of R. communis. Pest management methods used against the arthropod pests of R. communis include biological, ethological, mechanical, cultural, genetic, and chemical control

Improved graphene blisters by ultrahigh pressure sealing

Graphene is a very attractive material for nanomechanical devices and membrane applications. Graphene blisters based on silicon oxide micro-cavities are a simple but relevant example of nanoactuators. A drawback of this experimental set up is that gas leakage through the graphene-SiO2 interface contributes significantly to the total leak rate. Here we study the diffusion of air from pressurized graphene drumheads on SiO2 micro-cavities and propose a straightforward method to improve the already strong adhesion between graphene and the underlying SiO2 substrate, resulting in reduced leak rates. This is carried out by applying controlled and localized ultrahigh pressure (> 10 GPa) with an Atomic Force Microscopy diamond tip. With this procedure, we are able to significantly approach the graphene layer to the SiO2 surface around the drumheads, thus enhancing the interaction between them allowing us to better seal the graphene-SiO2 interface, which is reflected in up to ~ 4 times lower leakage rates. Our work opens an easy way to improve the performance of graphene as a gas membrane on a technological relevant substrate such as SiO2.Comment: pages 19, 4 figures + supplementary informatio

El método socrático catalizador del pensamiento crítico dentro del aula

Fac. de FilosofíaFALSEsubmitte

El método socrático II: balance y perspectivas (proyecto nº 47)

El proyecto "El método socrático II: balance y perspectivas" continúa con el trabajo iniciado el año anterior, en el proyecto "El método socrático", en una doble vía: (1) investigación teórica acerca de los beneficios didácticos de la aplicación del método socrático y (2) aplicación práctica de dicho método en un número de clases

El género como factor determinante del emprendimiento tecnológico en sudamérica

[RESUMEN] El emprendimiento influye positivamente sobre la creación de empleo y el crecimiento económico, más aún cuando estos son llevados a cabo en sectores tecnológicos. La evidencia empírica demuestra que las mujeres se enfrentan a mayores barreras cuando de emprender se trata, pero ¿sucede lo mismo en el emprendimiento tecnológico? El presente trabajo tiene un doble objetivo: 1) analizar el efecto del factor género sobre la participación de los individuos sudamericanos en emprendimientos tecnológicos; 2) identificar en qué medida estos efectos difieren con respecto al emprendimiento en sectores convencionales. El análisis está basado en una muestra de la población sudamericana (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela) de entre 18 a 64 años, utilizando datos del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) para el año 2011. Tras un análisis descriptivo que definió el perfil de la persona emprendedora tecnológica en Sudamérica, el análisis econométrico permitió, mediante logit, medir la probabilidad asociada al factor género sobre el emprendimiento de base tecnológica. Los resultados empíricos obtenidos revelan que el hecho de ser mujer ejerce un efecto negativo sobre la probabilidad de estar involucrada en un emprendimiento tecnológico. Sin embargo, el género tiene un efecto indiferente sobre el emprendimiento convencional. Estos resultados parecen estar indicando que en Sudamérica la participación de las mujeres en el emprendimiento tecnológico podría no haber superado las barreras sociales y personales que se les adhiere tradicionalmente, a diferencia de los que podría haber ocurrido con el emprendimiento convencional