Campo de Murcia, an area of low density of population in Southeastern Spain

El Campo de Murcia tradicionalmente ha sido un espacio de escaso poblamiento y, además, disperso. La principal actividad productiva, hasta mediados del siglo XX, era la agricultura de secano con baja productividad, de rendimientos aleatorios debido a la escasez e irregularidad de las precipitaciones. A finales del siglo XX, los avances técnicos en la extracción de aguas subterráneas y la llegada de las aguas del Trasvase Tajo – Segura posibilitan el riego y el desarrollo de cultivos hortofrutícolas de interés comercial. El cultivo, recolección y comercialización, especialmente de productos hortícolas, genera una demanda de mano de obra extranjera de origen norteafricano (inmigración laboral). La bonanza térmica y el bajo precio del suelo han potenciado desarrollos urbanísticos tipo “resort” y la generación de inmigración residencial, sobre todo de europeos. El objetivo es explicar cómo a pesar de la inmigración laboral y residencial de los primeros años del siglo XXI, continúa la baja densidad poblacional de este territorio (30,47 hab/km2), que contrasta con la elevada densidad de la Huerta de Murcia (884,02 hab/km2). Las fuentes utilizadas han sido los datos del Padrón Municipal de Habitantes del Centro Regional de Estadística de Murcia (CREM), de las Oficinas Comarcales Agrarias (OCA), datos de abastecimiento y saneamiento de aguas de las empresas EMUASA y ESAMUR, etc. y un amplio trabajo de campo con entrevistas a vecinos.Campo de Murcia corresponds to a traditionally dispersed settlement space, where the main productive activity has been rainfed agriculture (low productivity), due to the scarcity and randomness of rainfall. In the late 20th century, technical advances regarding groundwater and transferred waters from Tagus River enabled the irrigation and development of horticultural crops of great commercial interest. The farming, harvesting and commercialization, especially of horticultural products, generates a demand for labor immigration (North African origin). Warm climate and low price of land have boosted “resort” urban developments and the generation of residential immigration, especially of Europeans. The aim is to explain how despite labor and residential immigration during the first years of 21st century, this space hosts a low population density (30.47 inhabitants/km2), in contrast to the high density of Huerta de Murcia (884,02 inhab/km2). The sources of this work include the register of inhabitants of Regional Statistics Center of Murcia (CREM), local agrarian offices (OCA), water supply and purification data from companies EMUASA and ESAMUR, and an extensive field work with interviews to neighbors

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

El Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social en España en 2015. Sección Juvenil de la Asociación Española de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social.

Este Informe deja constancia de los cambios normativos más relevantes y de las tendencias judiciales más paradigmáticas del ordenamiento laboral en 2015. En él se observa el imparable dinamismo del Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social en España. El documento, consciente de tal mutabilidad, recoge una minuciosa selección de cuestiones esenciales, a juicio de las personas que abordan cada una de las materias, de las que son especialistas; los autores y las autoras, que forman parte de la Sección Juvenil de la Asociación Española de Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social, se adscriben a los grupos temáticos por afinidad con sus principales líneas de investigación y su labor docente universitaria. En síntesis, en el Informe “El Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social en España en 2015” se puede encontrar información muy útil para los profesionales del iuslaboralismo en materia de derechos fundamentales inespecíficos, contratación laboral y empleo, vicisitudes del contrato de trabajo, derechos colectivos, igualdad y corresponsabilidad, Seguridad Social o prevención de riesgos laborales. This report has as aim leaving a record of the most relevant normative changes and the most paradigmatic judicial trends in Labour Law in 2015. One can easily observe the unstoppable dynamismof Labour and Social Security Law in Spain. The document, conscious of that mutability, collects a thorough selection of key issues, according to the judgement of the authors, all of them specialists and all of them members of the Young Scholars’ Section of the Spanish Association for Labour and Social Security Law. They are part of thematic groups, linked to their main research lines and their teaching task. Summing up, in this report “Labour and Social Security Law in Spain in 2015”, one can easily find useful information for labour lawyers in subjects such as unspecific fundamental rights, work contracts and employment, issues of the labour relationship, collective rights, equality and co-responsibility, Social Security or occupational risk prevention

CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE RUEDAS DE CORRIENTE ELEVADORAS DE AGUA, EN EL TRAMO ALTO DEL VALLE DEL SEGURA

In the Segura Valley, specially in its high stretch known as "Valle de Ricote" («Ricote Valley»), irrigation expansion has taken place by extending an linking ditches, and by placing in thern current elevating water wheels. In this paper we study how the ditches have been adapted for the installation in them of the above mentioned hydraulic devices. We also study the peculianties of their nonrhythmic movements, together with the characteristics of the use of the motive power provided by the ditch. For this purpose, we present the analysis of the tests done on the «Noria de la Hoya de Don Garcfan («Hoya de Don García Water Wheel»), located on the left bank of the Segura ValleyEn el Valle del Segura, especialmente en su tramo alto conocido como «Valle de Ricote», la expansión del regadío se ha realizado prolongando y enlazando acequias y situando en ellas ruedas de comente elevadoras de agua. En este trabajo se estudian la adaptación de las obras de embocadura (acequias) para la instalación en su seno de estos ingenios hidráulicos, la particularidad de su nioviniiento amtmico, así como las características del aprovechamiento de la potencia motora que le suministra la acequia. Para ello se presenta el análisis de los ensayos realizados con la «Noria de la Hoya de Don Garcían, situada en la margen izquierda del Valle del Segura

LA GANADERÍA DE LA REGIÓN DE MURCIA EN EL PERIODO 1960-2000. RESPUESTAS GANADERAS A LAS NUEVAS SITUACIONES DE PRODUCCIÓN Y MERCADO DE PRODUCTOS AGROPECUARIOS EN LA UNIÓN EUROPEA

Cattle raising in Murcia has evolved in the second half of XX century under the influenced of market demands, European Union economic aids, veterinary crisis overcoming (classical swine fever and bovine spongiform encephalopaty) agroindrustrial activities and even new leisure demands.En la segunda mitad del siglo XX, la ganadería de la Región de Murcia, ha evolucionado influenciada por las demandas de mercado, las ayudas ganaderas de la Unión Europea, la superación de crisis sanitarias (peste porcina, mal de las vacas locas, etc.), la actividad agroindustrial, e incluso las nuevas demandas del ocio

MOLINOS HIDRÁULICOS EN LA CUENCA DE FORTUNA-ABANILLA (MURCIA) LOS APROVECHAMIENTOS DE LA RED DEL RIO CHÍCAMO Y EL MANANTIAL DE LOS BAÑOS

This work proposes the study and analysis of the grinding activity in the basin of Abanilla and Fortuna, located in the Region of Murcia. This espace is characterized by the scarcity and irregularity of the precipitations due to the subtropical arid enviroment, like it is the Mediterranean of coat in the peninsular South-East, the one which conditions the use of a tipology determined of hydraulic mill: mill of horizontal wheel 'rodezno' and niillpond. Investigation from documents and our researches in these zones have allowed us to find and describe six hidraulic mills in Abanilla (Chícanio. Partidor, Arco, Puente, Cal, Prao), and three in Fortuna (Molinico Viejo, Las Parecicas and the one in La Cana). In those whose rates of flows are scarce and variable ponds are included, in order to acumulate the enough water to the niill; Puente and Cal Mills, in the left bank of the river Chícamo next to Abanilla. and Prao Mill, in the right bank of the Zurca in the inmediacies of Barinas. are provided of this Technique.Este trabajo se propone el estudio y análisis de la actividad molinar en la Cuenca de Abanilla y Fortuna, términos municipales situados en el sector centro-oriental de la Región de Murcia. Este espacio se caracteriza por la escasez e irregularidad de las precipitaciones propias del medio subtropical hido, que es característico del clima Mediterráneo de abrigo del Sureste Peninsular. Este hecho condiciona el uso de una tipología determinada de molino hidráulico: molino de rueda horizontal "rodezno" y cubo. La investigación documental y el trabajo de campo nos han permitido localizar y describir seis molinos hidráulicos en Abanilla (Chícamo, Partidor, Arco. Puente, Cal, Prao) y tres en Fortuna (Molinico Viejo. Las Parecicas y de La Cana). En aquellos complejos donde los caudales son escasos y variables se incluye una balsa o estanque, con el fin de acumular el agua suficiente para la molienda; disponen de este sistema los conjuntos del Puente y la Cal en la margen izquierda del Chícamo, próximos a Abanilla, y el molino del Prao, en la margen derecha del Zurca, en las inmediaciones de Barinas

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis.

The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327  There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in th

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective