Asociaciones de padres y seguimiento multidisciplinar de la gran prematuridad

Reflexiones hechas por la autora, en nombre de las Asociaciones de padres de Niños Prematuros, sobre las buenas prácticas en la atención que se presta a niños nacidos con un peso inferior a 1.500 g. y cuál es el papel que deben jugar estas asociaciones en todas las cuestiones relacionadas con la mejora de la situación de los nacidos prematuramente y sus familias. También pretende dar a conocer las consecuencias de la gran prematuridad y el problema social emergente debido a la magnitud del número de nacidos con bajo peso

Assessing the ecotoxicological effects of long-term contaminated mine soils on plants and earthworms. Relevance of soil (total and available) and body concentrations

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1262-2The interactions and relevance of the soil (total and available) concentrations, accumulation, and acute toxicity of several essential and non-essential trace elements were investigated to determine their importance in environmental soil assessment. Three plant species (T. aestivum, R. sativum, and V. sativa) and E. fetida were simultaneously exposed for 21 days to long-term contaminated soils collected from the surroundings of an abandoned pyrite mine. The soils presented different levels of As and metals, mainly Zn and Cu, and were tested at different soil concentrations [12.5, 25, 50, and 100 % of contaminated soil/soil (w/w)] to increase the range of total and available soil concentrations necessary for the study. The total concentrations in the soils (of both As and metals) were better predictors of earthworm uptake than were the available concentrations. In plants, the accumulation of metals was related to the available concentrations of Zn and Cu, which could indicate that plants and earthworms.accumulate elements from different pools of soil contaminants. Moreover, Zn and Cu, which are essential elements, showed controlled uptake at low concentrations. The external metal concentrations predicted earthworm mortality, whereas in plants, the effects on growth were correlated to the As and metal contents in the plants. In general, the bioaccumulation factors were lower at higher exposure levels, which implies the existence of auto-regulation in the uptake of both essential and non-essential elements by plants and earthwormsThis work was financed by the Community of Madrid through the EIADES Project (S-2009/AMB/1478) ) and by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science project CTM2010-21922-C02-0

Risk assessment of an abandoned pyrite mine in Spain based on direct toxicity assays

This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Science of the Total Environment. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in [SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 470-471 (2014)] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.101This research reports the risk assessment of an abandoned pyrite mine using direct toxicity assays of soil and groundwater samples taken at the site. The toxicity of As and heavy metals from mining soils to soil and aquatic organisms was studied using the Multispecies Soil System (MS-3) in soil columns. Ecotoxicological assessment was performed with soil samples diluted with a control soil at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100% test soil/ soil (w/w). In this way, changes in the mobility and bioavailability of soil contaminants due to changes in geochemical soil properties via soil dilution were studied. The toxicity of water samples was tested on algae and Daphnia magna. The assessment of the mining area indicated that the current presence of As and heavy metals at the site may cause injuries to soil and aquatic organisms in the entire research area. Moreover, this investigation demonstrated that changes in geochemical conditions can increase the availability of arsenic and, consequently, the environmental risk of these soils. A good correlation was not found between toxicity parameters and the concentrations of soil contaminants based on total and extracted element concentrations. This finding reinforces the usefulness of direct toxicity assays for evaluating environmental riskThis work has been financed by the Community of Madrid through EIADES Project S-2009/AMB/1478 and by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, project CTM-2007-66401-CO2/ TECNO and CTM2010-21922-C02-0

Exposición a agentes químicos: determinación de bisfenol A en cabello humano

El bisfenol A (BPA) es un monómero comúnmente empleado en la fabricación de plásticos, PVC, envases alimentarios, juguetes o papel térmico, siendo los alimentos que han estado en contacto con plásticos la principal vía de exposición humana. El carácter nocivo del BPA, que posee actividad como disruptor endocrino, ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios. La exposición humana a este contaminante se ha evaluado fundamentalmente mediante su determinación en matrices biológicas como plasma, suero y orina. Actualmente, los estudios de biomonitorización tienden hacia el uso de matrices no invasivas como pueden ser el cabello, uñas, orina o saliva. De entre las citadas matrices, el cabello parece ser una de las matrices de mayor interés ya que posee una gran estabilidad, proporciona información sobre exposición a corto y a largo plazo, desde semanas hasta meses o años en función de la longitud del cabello. Además, su contenido lipídico (2-4%) la convierte en una matriz de interés para la biomonitorización de compuestos lipofílicos. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de un método analítico para la extracción y determinación de BPA de cabello humano. El tratamiento de la muestra consistió en tres etapas: lavado, hidrólisis y extracción. La determinación se realizó mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución acoplada a espectrometría de masas de triple cuadrupolo. El método se validó en términos de recuperación, precisión, linealidad y límites de detección y cuantificación. Se obtuvo una recuperación >77% y una precisión, expresada como desviación estándar relativa, <4%. Los límites de detección y cuantificación fueron de 1.8 ng g-1 y 6.1 ng g-1, respectivamente. Finalmente, se comprobó la aplicabilidad del método en muestras de cabello de seis individuos de la ciudad de Sevilla, donde se detectó la presencia de BPA en cinco de las seis muestras analizadas.Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical product common used as a component for the manufacture of plastics, PVC, food packaging, toys or thermal paper, being foods that have been in contact with plastics the main route of human exposure to BPA. The harmfulness of BPA, which has activity as endocrine disruptor , has been subject of numerous studies. The human exposure to this pollutant has been evaluated maninly through its determination in biological matrices such as plasma, serum and urine. Human hair seems to be one of the biological matrices of interest; it is a non-invasive matrix besides having great stability. In addition, its lipid content (2-4%) makes it an interesting matrix for biomonitoring lipophilic compounds. The aim of our study was to develop an analytical method for the extraction and determination of (BPA) in human hair. The treatment of the sample consisted on three stages: washing, hydrolysis and extraction. The analytical determination was carried out by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated in terms of recovery, precision, linearity and limits of detection and quantification. A recovery >77% and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, <4% was obtained. Limits of detection and quantification were 1.8 ng g-1 and 6.1 ng g-1, respectively. Finally, the applicability of the method was tested in hair samples of six volunteers from Seville city, where BPA was detected in five out of the six samples analyzed

Attitudes and experiences related to the deaths of COVID-19 patients among nursing staff: A qualitative evidence synthesis

Aim To identify and synthesize the experiences and attitudes of nursing staff regarding the deaths of COVID-19 patients. Review Methods A qualitative evidence synthesis was carried out, using Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnographic approach. The review protocol was listed in PROSPERO (CRD42022330928). Studies published from January 2020 to January 2022 that met the criteria were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, CUIDEN and PsycInfo. A total of 12 articles were included. Results Thirty-three metaphors emerged, which were grouped into three main themes: Determining factors of care, Feelings about death and Strategies for coping with death. Nurses reported the high emotional toll, the absence of family and the lack of staff, protocol and training as determining factors. Furthermore, staff had doubts about the quality of care that COVID-19 patients received. As coping strategies, nurses developed avoidance behaviours towards COVID-19 patients, selective memories, resilience, and/or leaving the profession. Conclusions The difficulty in providing adequate nursing care and the high number of deaths has increased anxiety and stress among nurses. These factors, alongside their lived experiences of seeing patients suffering, many dying alone without family members, have had psychological repercussions on nursing staff. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care The results demonstrate a high emotional toll and doubts surrounding their caregiving role caused by the lack of professional training needed to face a pandemic. This research shows what has been learned for future pandemics and highlights basic components that could provide a foundation for coping interventions for healthcare professionals. Impact What Problem did the Study Address? The challenges posed by COVID-19 patient deaths for nursing staff around the world and also by the pandemic circumstances in which those deaths occurred. What were the Main Findings? The high number of deceased patients who were isolated from family members, communication with family members and doubts surrounding care given during the pandemic have created feelings of fear, stress and anxiety, as well as obsessive thoughts that have changed nursing staff's perception of death due to COVID-19. Where and on whom will the Research have an Impact? Results will be useful for preparing for future pandemics, and for policymakers and health staff in supporting healthcare professionals by creating programmes to help them cope with the emotional toll they have felt after dealing with death in such unprecedented circumstances. Reporting Method The authors have adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and the eMERGe Reporting Guidance. Patient or Public Contribution No patient or public contribution

Morbilidades del neurodesarrollo asociadas con el nacimiento pretérmino con peso ≤1500 gramos entre 1993 y 2011 en España: estudio de una muestra de 1200 casos

Objetivos: el parto muy prematuro puede originar discapacidades en múltiples dominios del desarrollo. Este artículo describe las morbilidades del neurodesarrollo que, según sus progenitores, presenta una muestra de 1202 niños/as nacidos/as con ≤1500 gramos entre 1993 y 2011 en España y destaca algunas de las variables que influyen en ellas. Métodos: encuesta multi-método realizada entre abril 2013 y junio 2014 con soporte CATI y CAWI. Previamente, se realizó un extenso trabajo de campo cualitativo. Resultados: el 44,2 % de la muestra presenta morbilidades ( 1,78 morbilidades por niño). Las más prevalentes son los trastornos del aprendizaje (34,4 % de los casos) y el trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (31,5 %). En este período, se produce un incremento relativo de morbilidades temporales frente a permanentes. Conclusiones: el porcentaje total de niños con morbilidades disminuye moderadamente entre 1993 y 2011. Las variables biológicas y médicas explicarían mejor que las familiares la presencia de morbilidades en esta población

An integrated system for documentation, analysis and management of the architectural heritage: the general and the parts of the Generalife Palace

El proyecto que aquí se presenta es fruto de la colaboración establecida entre el Laboratorio DAda Lab (Drawing Architecture DocumentAction Laboratory) de la Universidad de Pavía y el Laboratorio SMlab (Survey and Modelling Lab of Architectural Heritage) de la Universidad de Granada, junto al inestimable apoyo recibido por parte del Patronato de la Alhambra y el Generalife. Numerosos profesores e investigadores han participado en este proyecto multidisciplinar que tomando como referente el Palacio del Generalife, se propuso una reflexión teórica y práctica del levantamiento arquitectónico digital, que ha permitido confrontar los distintos formatos de datos tridimensionales en cuanto a su capacidad para ser interpretados en el proceso de conservación y gestión del patrimonio arquitectónico. Las experiencias obtenidas en los diferentes procesos de levantamiento se completaron con un riguroso análisis histórico de la evolución formal y constructiva del Generalife a partir del cual ha sido posible efectuar la valoración crítica posterior.The project here presented is the result of the collaboration established between the Laboratory DAda Lab (Drawing and Architecture DocumentAction Laboratory) of the University of Pavia and the Laboratory SMlab (Survey and Modeling Lab of Architectural Heritage) of the University of Granada, together with the invaluable support received from the Board of the Alhambra and the Generalife. Several professors and researchers have participated in this multidisciplinary project that, using the Generalife as a test, proposed a theoretical and practical methodology about the digital architectural survey, which has allowed to compare the different three-dimensional data formats in terms of their capacity to be interpreted in the process of conservation and management of architectural heritage. The experiences obtained in the different survey processes were completed with a rigorous historical analysis of the formal and constructive evolution of the Generalife, from which it has been possible to carry out the subsequent critical assessment

Rumen fermentation and diet degradability in sheep fed sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) silage supplemented with Tithonia diversifolia or alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and rice polishing

The objective of this study was to evaluate ruminal fermentation (i.e. pH, ammonia, and volatile fatty acid concentrations) and in situ degradability of diets in sheep fed sugarcane silage (SCS) supplemented with Tithonia diversifolia (Td) or alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay (A), with or without rice (Oriza sativa) polishing (RP) as an energy source. Four Blackbelly sheep (35 kg average body weight) with rumen cannula were used. The experimental diets were (g/kg of dry matter): Diet 1) SCS (686) + Td (294), Diet 2) SCS (460) + Td (226) + RP (294), Diet 3) SCS (637) + A (343), and Diet 4) SCS (441) + A (245) + RP (294). The remainder (20 g/kg of dry matter) was composed by minerals supplement and salt. Samples of diets were incubated into rumen for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 h to determine in situ degradability. Data were analysed with a linear mixed model. The lamb, period and lamb nested in period*diet were considered as a random variable. The inclusion of RP improved the degradability of diets and ammonia production in the rumen. The acetic, propionic, and butyric acid concentrations (mmol/100 mL) in rumen increased (P&lt;0.03) when diets with alfalfa and RP were provided. The degradability of diets based on sugarcane silage supplemented with either alfalfa or Tithonia diversifolia was improved (P&lt;0.05) with the rice polishing inclusion, with no difference (P&gt;0.05) between these forages. In conclusion, energy supplementation, not necessarily from starch, is important to improve rumen fermentation and degradability of diets based on sugarcane silage

Análisis de la actividad antimicrobiana de la Gliotoxina en diferentes microorganismos de interés clínico

Trabajo presentado en el XXIV Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (SEIMC), celebrado de manera virtual del 5-11 junio de 2021.[Introducción/Objetivos]: la gliotoxina es una micotoxina producida por Aspergillus fumigatus y otros hongos del género Aspergillus. Es un metabolito secundario perteneciente a la familia de las epipolitiodioxopiperazinas, caracterizada por la presencia de un puente disulfuro interno en un anillo de piperazina, que parece ser necesario para la mayoría de las propiedades biológicas de este compuesto. Se ha demostrado que la gliotoxina es un factor de virulencia durante la aspergilosis invasiva y presenta una toxicidad notable contra las células de mamíferos. Sin embargo, las evidencias científicas sobre su potencial actividad antimicrobiana son escasas. Por lo tanto, este trabajo tiene como objetivo evaluar su eficacia antibiótica contra microorganismos de interés clínico como Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; y antifúngico contra Candida albicans y Candida glabrata. [Material y métodos]: la sensibilidad a la gliotoxina de diferentes cepas (incluidas las farmacorresistentes) de los microorganismos indicados se analizó por diferentes métodos: métodos de difusión en disco (antibiogramas/antifungigramas), estudio de curvas de tiempo-mortalidad, métodos de microdilución y ensayo MTT. Para los aislados de Candida, los resultados fueron confirmados mediante el análisis de la muerte celular por citometría de flujo. [Resultados]: Los resultados sugieren una potente actividad antimicrobiana de gliotoxina contra Candida albicans y Staphylococcus aureus, incluso en las cepas resistentes a azoles y a meticilina, respectivamente. En el caso de Escherichia coli y Candida glabrata, la gliotoxina ejerce una acción antimicrobiana moderada. Sin embargo, Pseudomonas aeruginosa parece ser resistente a la gliotoxina. [Conclusiones]: Nuestros resultados indican que la gliotoxina es efectiva contra Candida albicans y Staphylococcus aureus por lo que podría usarse como una alternativa para el tratamiento de infecciones causadas por cepas resistentes a antibióticos/antifúngicos. Sin embargo, será necesario aclarar aún más los mecanismos por los cuales la gliotoxina ejerce este efecto y probar en modelos apropiados in vivo la viabilidad de su uso teniendo en cuenta los posibles efectos secundarios debido a su toxicidad. En este sentido, planeamos analizar su eficacia y seguridad en un modelo de infección cutánea causada por Staphylococcus aureus.Peer reviewe

Puesta en marcha del curso on line “Envejecimiento y enfermedades neurodegenerativas” en la plataforma Miriadax

Este informe detalla los objetivos, actividades y métodos llevados a cabo durante la ejecución de un proyecto de innovación docente que tiene como objetivo implementar un curso online en abierto sobre las enfermedades neurodegenerativas y el envejecimiento