Supraequatorial displacement with lateral rectus myopexy for treatment of myopic sagging/heavy eye

Purpose: To describe the outcome of the patients diagnosed of sagging/heavy eye associated to myopia, that were operated on with the supra-equatorial displacement with LR myopexy. Methods: A retrospective study of 9 cases between 2017-2023. The following data were analyzed: horizontal and vertical deviation, diplopia, amblyopia, ductions, ocular torsion, sensorial test, macular pathology, and the orbital magnetic resonance. Treatment was considered Successful if the diplopia was improved or eliminated and a final vertical deviation (VD) ≤5 prism diopters (PD). Results: The mean age (SD) was: 62.11 (4.6) years (100% women). A total of 88.88% presented diplopia. The mean preoperative hypotropia was: 11.33 PD (SD 3.16), and the mean final VD 3.44 PD (SD 3.05). After surgery, the hypotropia was overcorrected in one case, under corrected in 5, and orthophoria was achieved in another three. The technique was associated with surgery of another rectus muscle in 4 subjects. The mean follow-up time after surgery was 34 months (SD 34.62). Six of the 9 patients improved with a vertical deviation ≤5 PD. In 3 patients, the diplopia was eliminated, while in 5 it remained intermittent (three with macular pathology). Conclusion: Supra-equatorial displacement with LR myopexy for treatment of myopic sagging/heavy eye, is a therapeutic option if hypotropia is less than 12 PD or the Yokoyama technique is not indicated. A good result was obtained in most cases, although diplopia could only be totally suppressed in three, and another five remained intermittent.Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORLFac. de Óptica y OptometríaTRUEinpres

Shorter and easier is more useful: a longitudinal analysis of how financial report enforcement affects individual investors

According to the literature, individual investors rarely use accounting and financial information (AFI), even though they do not give it a particularly low valuation when asked. This behavior increases the risk to lose investments. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a new AFI format: a one-page report that is short and easy to understand, as a complement to the long and complex traditional format in order to increase the usefulness of information for investors and to decrease investment risk. Two experiments provide evidence about the increased usefulness of AFI when using the new proposed format. More importantly, it seems that results in terms of profits also improve considerably in medium (one year) and long-term (four years) investments, in contrast to more modest profits of speculative investments. Furthermore, this difference occurs regardless of the investors’ previous experience

Competencia mediática: investigación sobre el grado de competencia de la ciudadanía en España

Producción CientíficaLa educación mediática no ha tenido un papel importante en los currículos escolares, en los planes de estudios universitarios, en los medios de comunicación y en la propia sociedad, a pesar de la fuerte presencia de la comunicación mediática en todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida personal y social. Este abandono de la educación mediática implica una ausencia de definiciones y de evaluaciones sobre el grado de competencia mediática de las personas. Un primer paso para la definición del concepto de competencia mediática se dio mediante el diseño del documento «Competencias en Comunicación Audiovisual», auspiciado por el CAC) y consensuado por un grupo de expertos españoles. El documento define los ámbitos de incidencia de esta competencia y las dimensiones que debe cumplir: el lenguaje, la tecnología, los procesos de producción y programación, la ideología y los valores, la recepción y las audiencias, y la dimensión estética.Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad

Pneumonia treated in the internal medicine department: Focus on healthcare-associated pneumonia

Patients with pneumonia treated in the internal medicine department (IMD) are often at risk of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). The importance of HCAP is controversial. We invited physicians from 72 IMDs to report on all patients with pneumonia hospitalized in their department during 2weeks (one each in January and June 2010) to compare HCAP with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). We analysed 1002 episodes of pneumonia: 58.9% were CAP, 30.6% were HCAP and 10.4% were HAP. A comparison between CAP, HCAP and HAP showed that HCAP patients were older (77, 83 and 80.5years; p<0.001), had poorer functional status (Barthel 100, 30 and 65; p<0.001) and had more risk factors for aspiration pneumonia (18, 50 and 34%; p<0.001). The frequency of testing to establish an aetiological diagnosis was lower among HCAP patients (87, 72 and 79; p<0.001), as was adherence to the therapeutic recommendations of guidelines (70, 23 and 56%; p<0.001). In-hospital mortality increased progressively between CAP, HCAP and HAP (8, 19 and 27%; p<0.001). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main pathogen in CAP and HCAP. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) caused 17 and 12.3% of HCAP. In patients with a confirmed aetiological diagnosis, the independent risk factors for pneumonia due do difficult-to-treat microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa or MRSA) were HCAP, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and higher Port Severity Index. Our data confirm the importance of maintaining high awareness of HCAP among patients treated in IMDs, because of the different aetiologies, therapy requirements and prognosis of this population. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2011 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases