Grammatical Remarks in The Commentary of Abraham Ibn Ezra on Qohelet

Abraham Ibn Ezra considers the study of the Hebrew grammar to be the most important tool for establishing the literal meaning of a word or a Biblical verse. We find his grammatical theories not only in his grammatical works, but in his Biblical commentaries as well. In his Commentary on Qohelet, Ibn Ezra makes numerous grammatical remarks dealing with the pronunciation and peculiarities of the Hebrew consonants, the morphology of nouns and verbs, some peculiar syntactical structures, and the like. In this article, these grammatical theories in connection with Ibn Ezra's other works and with the theories of earlier grammarians, including Judah Hayyuj and Jonah Ibn Janah, are examined.Abraham Ibn Ezra considera que el estudio de la gramática hebrea es el método más importante para establecer el significado literal de una palabra o de un versículo bíblico. Podemos encontrar sus teorías gramaticales no sólo en sus obras específicas de gramática, sino también en sus comentarios bíblicos. En su Comentario a Qohelet, Ibn Ezra hace numerosas observaciones sobre la pronunciación y peculiaridades de las consonantes hebreas, la morfología de nombres y verbos, algunas estructuras sintácticas específicas y otras similares. En este artículo, se examinan estas teorías en conexión con las obras gramaticales de este autor y con las opiniones de los gramáticos anteriores, sobre todo Juda Hayyuy y Jona ibn Yanah

La influencia de Saadiá Gaón en el Comentario de Abraham ibn Ezrá al libro de Job

Abraham ibn Ezra’s commentary on the book of Job is clearly influenced by that of Saadia Gaon. In his explanations, Ibn Ezra always quotes Saadia Gaon’s interpretations in order to reject them. However, some of the opinions attributed to “other commentators” by Ibn Ezra are found in Saadia Gaon’s work. Some of Ibn Ezra’s own explanations are similar to those of the gaon, although in these cases, Ibn Ezra does not mention his source. In addition, similarities between the introductions to the commentaries on Job of these two scholars can be found. Saadia Gaon’s exegesis on the book of Job influenced on Ibn Ezra’s style, on his philological and philosophical approaches, and on the structure of his commentary.El comentario de Abraham ibn Ezrá al libro de Job está claramente influído por el de Saadiá Gaón. En sus explicaciones, Ibn Ezrá siempre cita las interpretaciones de Saadiá para rechazarlas; sin embargo, algunas de las opiniones atribuídas por Ibn Ezrá a «otros comentaristas» aparecen en la obra del Gaón. Algunas de las propias opiniones de Ibn Ezrá son similares a las de aquél, aunque en estos casos Ibn Ezrá no menciona su fuente. Además existen similitudes entre las introducciones a los comentarios de ambos autores. La exégesis de Saadiá Gaón sobre el libro de Job influyó en el estilo de Ibn Ezrá, en sus perspectivas filológicas y filosóficas y en la propia estructura de su comentario

Teorías astronómicas y astrológicas en el Comentario de Abraham lbn Ezra al libro del Eclesiastés

In his commentary on Ecclesiastes, Ibn Ezra uses astronomical and astrological concepts for establishing the meaning of some verses. These concepts reflect the influence of Ptolemy's systems, which were in use in the Middle Ages, and they are connected with theories of Arabic medieval scientists. By using these concepts, Ibn Ezra tries to justify the idea of Ecclesiastes that it is useless to be occupied in the matters of this world, because they are under the influence of stars. According to him, the perfection of the spirit through the development of wisdom is the only worthwile occupation in this life.Ibn Ezra utiliza en su comentario al Eclesiastés conceptos astronómicos y astrológicos para determinar el significado de algunos versículos. Estos conceptos reflejan la influencia de los sistemas de Ptolomeo, vigentes en la época medieval, y están en consonancia con las teorías de los científicos árabes medievales. Al utilizar estos conceptos, Ibn Ezra trata de justificar la idea del Eclesiastés de que las tareas a las que se dedica el hombre en este mundo son inútiles, porque dependen de la influencia de los astros. Según él, la única tarea que merece la pena hacer en esta vida es la perfección del espíritu mediante el desarrollo de la sabidurí

Los Comentarios de Abraham ibn ‘Ezra al Diluvio y la utilidad de la astrología

This article analyses Abraham ibn Ezra’s explanations on the flood from his two commentaries on Genesis. These explanations are compared with other observations by Ibn Ezra and with the opinions of other medieval authors. Behind his explanations on the flood, we find Ibn Ezra’s opinions on the utility of astrology, on the reception of astrological knowledge by human beings, on the value of prophecy, and on the methods to avoid astral influences.Este artículo analiza las explicaciones de Abraham ibn ‘Ezra sobre el diluvio a partir de sus dos comentarios a Génesis. Estas explicaciones se comparan con otras observaciones de Ibn ‘Ezra y con las opiniones de otros autores medievales. Detrás de las explicaciones de este autor sobre el diluvio encontramos las opiniones de Ibn ‘Ezra sobre la utilidad de la astrología, sobre la recepción de conocimientos astrológicos por parte de los seres humanos, sobre el valor de la profecía y sobre los medios para escapar de las influencias astrales

Ecl 12,1-7 interpretado por Abraham ibn ‛Ezra

The allegorical interpretation of Eccl 12:1-7, present in the Talmud and the midrašîm, and accepted by some biblical commentators, was referred to the decrepitude of man in his old age and to the decomposition of his body after his death. Ibn ‛Ezra takes some of these interpretations for his commentary, but, using his exegetical methods and the rules of the Hebrew grammar, he shows the neoplathonic theory about the spirit of man: the spirit abandons its functions in the body when the man dies, and it ascends to God as the body is disintegrating in the grave.La interpretación alegórica de Ecl 12,1-7, que aparece en el Talmud, en los midrašîm y en algunos comentarios bíblicos explica este pasaje como la decrepitud del hombre al final de su vida y la descomposición del cuerpo después de la muerte. Ibn ‛Ezra adopta algunas de estas interpretaciones, pero, utilizando sus conocimientos exegéticos y las normas de la gramática hebrea, refleja la teoría neoplatónica, presente en otras obras suyas, de que el espíritu del hombre en el momento de la muerte deja de realizar sus funciones sobre el cuerpo y asciende hacia Dios, mientras el cuerpo se descompone en la tumba

Deformable brain atlas validation of the location of subthalamic nucleus using T1-weighted MR images of patients operated on for Parkinson's

[EN] Parkinson¿s disease is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. One of the most effective treatments is deep brain stimulation. This technique requires the localization of an objective structure: the subthalamic nucleus. Unfortunately this structure is difficult to locate. In this work the creation of a deformable brain atlas that enables the identification of the subthalamic nucleus in T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an automatic, precise and fast way is presented. The system has been validated using data from 10 patients (20 nucleus) operated on for Parkinson¿s. Our system offers better results using a Wendland function with an error of 1.8853 ± 0.9959 mm.Ortega Pérez, M.; Juan Lizandra, MC.; Alcañiz Raya, ML.; Gil Gómez, JA.; Monserrat Aranda, C. (2008). Deformable brain atlas validation of the location of subthalamic nucleus using T1-weighted MR images of patients operated on for Parkinson's. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. 32(5):367-378. doi:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2008.02.003S36737832

Video Game Addiction in Gambling Disorder: Clinical, Psychopathological, and Personality Correlates

Objective. We studied the prevalences of video game use (VGU) and addiction (VGA) in gambling disorder (GD) patients and compared them with subjects with non-video game use (non-VGU) in relation to their gambling behavior, psychopathology, and personality characteristics. Method. A sample of 193 GD patients (121 non-VGU, 43 VGU, and 29 VGA) consecutively admitted to our pathological gambling unit participated in the study. Assessment. Measures included the video game dependency test (VDT), symptom checklist-90-revised, and the temperament and character inventory-revised, as well as a number of other GD indices. Results. In GD, the observed prevalence of VG (use or addiction) was 37.3% (95% CI:30.7% ÷ 44.3),VGU 22.3% (95% CI:17.0% ÷ 28.7), and VGA 15% (95% CI:10.7% ÷ 20.7). Orthogonal polynomial contrast into logistic regression showed positive linear trends for VG level and GD severity and other measures of general psychopathology. After structural equation modeling, higher VG total scores were associated with younger age, general psychopathology, and specific personality traits, but not with GD severity. Patients' sex and age were involved in the mediational pathways between personality traits and VG impairment. Conclusions. GD patients with VG are younger and present more dysfunctional personality traits, and more general psychopathology. The presence of VG did not affect the severity of GD

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO