Merging clusters of galaxies observed with XMM-Newton

We present results from the XMM-Newton observations of our ongoing program on merging clusters. To date three clusters have been observed, covering the temporal sequence from early to late stage mergers: A1750, A2065 and A3921. Using spatially-resolved spectroscopy of discrete regions, hardness ratio and temperature maps, we show that all three clusters display a complex temperature structure. In the case of A1750, a double cluster, we argue that the observed temperature structure is not only related to the ongoing merger but also to previous merger events. A2065 seems an excellent example of a `compact merger', i.e. when the centres of the two clusters have just started to interact, producing a shock in the ICM. Using comparisons with numerical simulations and complementary optical data, the highly complex temperature structure evident in A3921 is interpreted as an off-axis merger between two unequal mass components. These results illustrate the complex physics of merger events. The relaxation time can be larger than the typical time between merger events, so that the present day morphology of clusters depends not only on on-going interaction but also on the more ancient formation history.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Use elsart.cls. Accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research. A version with full resolution figures can be found at http://www.star.bris.ac.uk/elena/cospar_3clusters.pd

Dynamics of Sus scrofa semen quality in the western-central region of Colombia

Con el fin de caracterizar la dinámica de la calidad seminal en Sus scrofa (orden Artiodactyla, familia Suidae) en el centro-occidente colombiano, durante siete años se recopiló en el Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción de la Universidad de Caldas (Colombia), información de 1017 evaluaciones de 177 machos procedentes de 12 planteles porcinos ubicados entre los 700 y 2600 msnm en diferentes sistemas intertropicales. La base de datos incluyó las variables seminales: concentración, morfología (cabeza, pieza intermedia y cola), integridad estructural de la membrana (IEM), integridad acrosómica (IAC), integridad funcional de la membrana (IFM), gotas citoplasmáticas (GC): gotas citoplasmáticas proximales (GCP), gotas citoplasmáticas distales (GCD) y gotas citoplasmáticas totales (GCT), así como información del grupo racial de los machos (grac): cruzado materno (cm), cruzado paterno (cp), puro paterno (pp) y puro materno (pm), y grupo etario (gredad): joven (hasta 18 meses), maduro (19 a 36 meses) y viejo (mayor a 37 meses). Los datos se exploraron mediante la estimación de estadísticos descriptivos, se analizaron usando un modelo log-lineal, consistente en una regresión Poisson con una función de enlace logarítmica mediante el PROC GENMOD de SAS (SAS Inst. Cary, NC). Se evaluó el efecto de grupo etario y grupo racial sobre las variables de calidad seminal usando un modelo mixto para mediciones repetidas en el mismo verraco a través del tiempo. Se calcularon los coeficientes de correlación de Spearman entre las variables seminales. Las variables: cabeza macro, micro y piriforme, tracto intermedio doble, excéntrico y engrosado, cola en látigo, lazo, escalera, ovillo y reflejo distal, presentaron prevalencias inferiores al 1%. La mitad de las dosis de semen diluido recibidas mostraron concentraciones superiores a 35 millones de células ml-1. Los valores más altos de IEM se encontraron en los reproductores cm y pp. Al relacionar la variable IFM con grupo racial, los reproductores cp, pm y cm no presentan diferencias entre sí. La IAC en los cm presentaron un porcentaje mayor que los cp, y estos mayor que los pm. Se aprecia una mayor presentación de GCT a medida que avanza la edad, con un mayor porcentaje de GCP en animales viejos que jóvenes, los animales maduros presentaron valores intermedios entre ellos. Las GCT excedieron el 15% de presentación, siendo siempre mayor la presentación de GCD que GCP. El total de gotas está negativamente correlacionado con la IEM y la IAC, pero positivamente con la IFM, la misma tendencia se observa en la correlaciones de las gotas citoplasmáticas distales; sin embargo, la correlación de las gotas proximales con la integridad estructural pierde fuerza y con la integridad funcional pierde la significancia, aunque están negativamente correlacionadas con la integridad del acrosoma. Los valores para MSI, MFI and ACRI, no limitan la calidad de las muestras de semen en esta población.In order to characterize the dynamics of Sus scrofa (order Artiodactyla, family Suidae) semen quality in the Western-central region of Colombia, information of 1,017 assessments from 177 males from 12 swine farms located between 700 and 2,600 meters above sea level in different inter-tropical systems was collected in the Laboratory of Reproductive Biology at Universidad de Caldas (Colombia) during seven years. The database included the seminal variables: concentration, morphology (head, midpiece and tail), membrane structural integrity (MSI), acrosome integrity (ACRI), and membrane functional integrity (MFI) proximal citoplasmic droplets (PCD), distal citoplasmic droplets (DCD), and total citoplasmic droplets (TCD). Additionally, the racial group of the male (grac): maternal cross (cm), paternal cross (cp), paternal pure (pp), maternal pure (pm) and age group (agegr): young (up to 18 months), mature (19 to 36 months) and old (over 37 months) were registered. Data was explored by estimating descriptive statistics; it was analyzed using a log-linear model consisting of a Poisson regression with a log link function using the PROC GENMOD of SAS (SAS Inst. Cary, NC). The effect of age group and racial group on semen quality variables using a mixed model for repeated measurements in the same boar over time were evaluated. The Spearman correlation coefficients between variables were calculated. The variables: macro, micro and pyriform head; double, eccentric, and thickened midpiece; tail whip; ladder bow; ball and distal reflex showed less than 1% prevalence. The highest values of FMI were found in cm and pp. Males cp, cm and pm do not differ from each other in MFI, but all had higher values than pp. The ACRI in cm was higher than cp, and these higher than pm. Presentation of TCD increased with age, with a higher percentage of PCD in older animals than in younger animals; mature animals showed intermediate values between them. The TCD exceeded 15% of presentation, being always higher for PCD than for GCP. The TCD is negatively correlated with MSI and ARCI, but positively correlated with MFI. The same trend is observed in the correlations with distal cytoplasmic droplets. However, the correlation of proximal droplets with the structural integrity loses significance, though they are negatively correlated with acrosome integrity. Values for MSI, MFI and ACRI, do not limit the quality of the samples in this population

Tórax inestable y mediastinitis con pérdida esternal total poscirugía cardíaca pediátrica. Técnica de reconstrucción y reporte de caso

We present the case of a two-year-old girl, with a history of pulmonary banding surgery who underwent a chest wall stabilization technique with titanium rods and muscle flaps coverage, due to post-surgical mediastinitis associated with total sternal loss after ventricular septal defect closure surgery, debanding, and pulmonary artery plasty. The patient had a favorable postsurgical evolution.Se presenta el caso de una niña de 2 años de edad, con antecedente de una cirugía de banding pulmonar, a quien se le realiza una técnica de estabilización de pared torácica con barras de titanio y cobertura con flaps musculares por presentar mediastinitis posquirúrgica asociada a pérdida esternal total, luego de una cirugía de cierre de comunicación interventricular, debanding y plastia de arteria pulmonar. La paciente presentó evolución posquirúrgica favorable

Surface plasmon mediated transmission of subwavelength slits at THz frequencies

T. H. Isaac, J. Gómez Rivas, J. Roy Sambles, William L. Barnes, and Euan Hendry, Physical Review B, Vol. 77, article 113411 (2008). "Copyright © 2008 by the American Physical Society."We present measurements and a numerical modeling that elucidate the role of surface plasmons in the resonant transmission of a subwavelength slit in a conducting material. By using THz time domain spectroscopy, we determine the Fabry–Pérot transmission resonances for a single slit formed from a wafer of a semiconductor with a surface plasma frequency in the THz frequency range. We measure large redshifts in the resonant frequencies close to the surface plasma frequency, which are 50% lower than the resonance frequencies expected well below the surface plasma frequency. This is an effect attributed to the coupling of plasmons on the adjacent surfaces of the slit

Flail chest and mediastinitis with total sternal loss post pediatric heart surgery. Reconstruction technique and case report

Se presenta el caso de una niña de 2 años de edad, con antecedente de una cirugía de banding pulmonar, a quien se le realiza una técnica de estabilización de pared torácica con barras de titanio y cobertura con flaps musculares por presentar mediastinitis posquirúrgica asociada a pérdida esternal total, luego de una cirugía de cierre de comunicación interventricular, debanding y plastia de arteria pulmonar. La paciente presentó evolución posquirúrgica favorable.We present the case of a two-year-old girl, with a history of pulmonary banding surgery who underwent a chest wall stabilization technique with titanium rods and muscle flaps coverage, due to post-surgical mediastinitis associated with total sternal loss after ventricular septal defect closure surgery, debanding, and pulmonary artery plasty. The patient had a favorable postsurgical evolution

Manejo integrado de enfermedades foliares en maíz

Maíz-Zea may

Self-medication and Risk of Abuse with Benzodiazepines in Adults Patients Lima-Peru, 2019

"Introduction: Benzodiazepines have the potential to generate abuse, so an indiscriminate consumption, through the sale without prescription and the practice of self-medication, would mean a high risk due to their abuse. Objective: To establish the relationship between self-medication with benzodiazepines and the risk of abuse that requires treatment in adult patients of Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho, 2019. Methodology: It was an observational, correlational descriptive, transversal and prospective study. The sample size was 874 participants (95.0% confidence level; 80% power). Sampling was performed nonrandomly. A survey was used to determine demographics, benzodiazepine use, and questions of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Results: Of the study population, the most prevalent demographic data were female sex (74.5%), the median age was 52 years (interquartile range: 40-62 years), the age range 50-59 years (26.43%), married marital status (31.6%), secondary education level (48.4%) and occupation as a housewife (47.3%). Of adults studied, 485 were considered as consumers of benzodiazepines with prescription and 389 consumers without a prescription. Prescription and nonprescription consumers needing treatment were 129 (26.60%) and 245 (62.98%), respectively (p <0.001). Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of people who need treatment for abuse in consumers without a prescription than in the group of consumers with a prescription so there is a significant relationship between self-medication with benzodiazepines and the risk of abuse that requires treatment in study population.

Self-medication and Risk of Abuse with Benzodiazepines in Adults Patients Lima-Peru, 2019

"Introduction: Benzodiazepines have the potential to generate abuse, so an indiscriminate consumption, through the sale without prescription and the practice of self-medication, would mean a high risk due to their abuse. Objective: To establish the relationship between self-medication with benzodiazepines and the risk of abuse that requires treatment in adult patients of Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho, 2019. Methodology: It was an observational, correlational descriptive, transversal and prospective study. The sample size was 874 participants (95.0% confidence level; 80% power). Sampling was performed nonrandomly. A survey was used to determine demographics, benzodiazepine use, and questions of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Results: Of the study population, the most prevalent demographic data were female sex (74.5%), the median age was 52 years (interquartile range: 40-62 years), the age range 50-59 years (26.43%), married marital status (31.6%), secondary education level (48.4%) and occupation as a housewife (47.3%). Of adults studied, 485 were considered as consumers of benzodiazepines with prescription and 389 consumers without a prescription. Prescription and nonprescription consumers needing treatment were 129 (26.60%) and 245 (62.98%), respectively (p <0.001). Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of people who need treatment for abuse in consumers without a prescription than in the group of consumers with a prescription so there is a significant relationship between self-medication with benzodiazepines and the risk of abuse that requires treatment in study population.

Yacimiento fosilífero de Arma

Mapas, ilustracionesSe describe la geología general del área que incluye un yacimiento fosilífero situado cerca al río Arma, Caldas, Colombia. La importancia de este yacimiento estriba en sus relaciones con la extensa formación de rocas verdes u ofiolitas que se haya en esta parte de Colombia; la paleofauna encontrada; lamelibranquios, gastrópodos, etc. es de edad cretáceo inferior, probablemente aptiana, si se tienen en cuenta los resultados de compararla con faunas de esta edad de la Cordillera Oriental Colombiana. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Desde sus inicios en 1912 se llamó "Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Minas", a partir del No. 48 en 1940 cambio a "Anales de la Facultad Nacional de Minas"